Characteristics of Disability Midterm Exam
True or False: SDLMI is an instructional approach in which individuals are required to make choices and solve problems without assistance. 1. True 2. False
False; with assistence
Correct rules of conduct in research and practice are best described as which of the following? a. Ethics b. Laws c. Clinical Competence
Ethics
True or False: SDLMI asks students to identify, and plan to remove, barriers that might keep them from accomplishing goals set by their teachers. 1. True 2. False
False; not remove barriers
An indication of the extent to which an intervention was consistent with a pre-established protocol is best defined as which of the following? Select all that apply i. Reliability ii. Fidelity iii. Treatment integrity iv. Social Validity
Fidelity and Treatment Integrity
The purpose of fidelity can best be described as which of the following? i. Fidelity provides an index reflecting the consistency of the measurement . ii. Fidelity provides an indication of how important the dependent variable was to participants iii. Fidelity provides an indication of whether individuals responsible for administering the intervention administered the intervention correctly. iv. Fidelity provides an indication of whether teachers or other personnel liked the intervention
Fidelity provides an indication of whether individuals responsible for administering the intervention administered the intervention correctly.
Which of the following provides an example of education equity? i. Increasing the rate of praise statements provided in the classroom. ii. Providing opportunities remediation for all students, regardless of their grades. iii. Allowing students to use their notes on quizzes. iv. Giving instruction to a student who struggles academically in order to reduce disparities in achievement with other students.
Giving instruction to a student who struggles academically in order to reduce disparities in achievement with other students.
The problem with "colorblindness," in terms of providing services to diverse groups, is most closely related to which of the following? i. People who profess to being "colorblind" do not see all people as equal. ii. "Colorblind" individuals do not recognize the distinction between equality and equity iii. Claiming to be colorblind undermines the values of the dominant culture
"Colorblind" individuals do not recognize the distinction between equality and equity
Brown vs. Board
"In these days, it is doubtful that any child may reasonably be expected to succeed in life if he is denied the opportunity of an education. Such an opportunity, where the state has undertaken to provide it, is a right that must be available to all on equal terms."
Jonie is a 5 year child with autism spectrum disorders. She has not exhibited the ability to imitate speech sounds or vocalize after several months of treatment. Jonie often engages in tantrumming and self-injurious behaviors. The behavior analyst on the team has determined that the behaviors are Jonie's way of communicating her needs. The speech pathologist and special educator suggest that Jonie should immediately begin learning an alternative method of communication, which could include signing or picture communication. The general education teacher opposes this idea, noting that it may stop Jonie from learning to communicate verbally and that teachers and peers may not understand the sign language. Which of the following statements regarding this scenario are true? Select all that apply. Group of answer choices 1. Giving Jonie a way to communicate should be a priority, as it can prevent harm to herself and others. 2. Contrary to what the general educator claims, whether or not other people can understand Jonie is not an important factor when selecting a communication system. 3. Teaching children to communicate vocally should not be prioritized above giving them a way to make choices and establish their preferences
1 and 3
Which of the following describe problems with institutions? 1. Generally, did not have the funds to provide adequate services 2. They often featured untrained staff 3. Patients often subjected to experiments against their will 4. They placed individuals in communities without providing funding for their support
1, 2, 3
IDEA
1. Extending special education services to infants, toddlers, and preschoolers (1986) 2. Related services and assistive technology (1990) 3. Defined transition services (1990) 4. Disciplining students with disabilities (1997) 5. Included in state and district assessments with accommodations as needed (1997O) 6. Response to Intervention (2004)
ESSA
1. Testing is still required - however, each state allowed to set its own accountability standards 2. Achievements must still be disaggregated 3. Continues to guarantee individuals with disabilities access to the curriculum
Which of the following activities are associated with integrating self-determination into planning for individuals with disabilities? Select all that apply. 1. Making sure self-determination is exclusively integrated in special education settings. 2. Including the individual with the disability in the planning process 3. Inviting people to participate who have a history of supporting the individual. 4. Whenever possible, ensuring that children have a way of communicating their needs.
2, 3, 4
A child with a learning disability in the 3rd grade has difficulty dressing himself, brushing his teeth, or tending to other aspects of his hygiene independently. What is the LATEST goals related to self-care should be integrated into his IEP? 1. 6TH 2. 9TH 3. 12TH 4. 8TH
6th
Which of the following students is most likely to receive special education services? a. A child who receives medication for attention deficit disorder b. A child who struggles to complete assignments in mathematics and reading c. A child with an intellectual disability who has difficulty communicating with teachers and peers
A child with an intellectual disability who has difficulty communicating with teachers and peers
Anabelle's class has been working on multiplication. Although the focus has been on multiplying three-digit numbers by two-digit numbers, Anabelle has been working on multiplication facts. For the test, her teacher creates a different test for Anabelle with single-digit multiplication problems. 1. A modification 2. An accommodation
A modification
Which of the following provides an example of a benefit of effective collaboration? i. A reduction in the amount of incorrect placements ii. A greater likelihood that assessments will be discriminatory iii. Fewer tailored educational plans iv. The absence of administrative support
A reduction in the amount of incorrect placements
Jenny has severe physical disabilities and is susceptible to infection. She requires routine catheterization in order to use the toilet. When provided at school, this is an example of which of the following? 1. A modification 2. An accommodation 3. A related service 4. Not enough information to tell
A related service
Which of the following provides an example of fading adult support through environmental arrangement? 1. A specialist initially used hand-over-hand guidance to assist students use their communication device; later, the specialist gestures to parts of the device to assist the student. 2. A counselor asks a child with a disability how he would like to be notified of sessions during class. 3. A special educator arranges for a peer to assist a student with disabilities navigate between his middle school classes.
A special educator arranges for a peer to assist a student with disabilities navigate between his middle school classes.
Which of the following provides information related to the social validity of behaviors selected for change? i. After helping develop a social skills intervention, a school counselor asks a cooperating teacher if they would use the intervention without additional external assistance. ii. Following an intervention concerning off-task behavior of a student with ED, a teacher compares the performance of the target student with students without disabilities in the same class. iii. While using a sensory integration intervention, a special education teacher has a PT watch her to make sure she's implementing the steps of the intervention correctly. iv. A special educator asks parents to identify the functional skills that they think are most important for their child. The educator then teaches these skills.
A special educator asks parents to identify the functional skills that they think are most important for their child. The educator then teaches these skills.
In the continuum of services, which of the following students would be most likely to receive less restrictive services? (e.g. levels 1-3) a. A student with a speech language impairment b. A student with an intellectual disability c. A student with autism d. A student with an emotional disturbance
A student with a speech language impairment
Annie, is a ninth-grade student who uses a wheelchair due to a driving accident. In which of the following situations would they be most likely to be handicapped. a. Completing assignments in calculus class b. Feeding herself independently c. Accessing classes on the second floor of her building d. Reading at home without assistance
Accessing classes on the second floor of her building
ARC and Best Buddies are most related to which of the following? 1. The decline of institutions in the early 1900s 2. Action advocates for individuals with disabilities took to seek rights for individuals with disabilities 3. The role of the federal government in increasing the quality of life for individuals with disabilities 4. Separating individuals with disabilities from their families and communities
Action advocates for individuals with disabilities took to seek rights for individuals with disabilities
Generally understand how court cases contributed to rights for individuals with disabilities
Addressed issues of civil rights. Brought change in accessibility, accommodations, and modifications to ensure equity.
Which of the following is not an emotion that is part of the stages of parental reaction to disability? i. Affability ii. Ambivalence iii. Anger iv. Acceptance
Affability
What is child find?
All children in Iowa, including homeless or those in private schools, who are in need of SPED must be identified, located and evaluated. Child find relates to procedures of the Area Education Agencies (AEA) designed to identify and serve eligible children a. Disability suspicion and consent/referral b. Full and individual evaluation (FIE) c. Progress Documentation d. Eligibility Determination
Which of the following statements concerning the informed consent process is TRUE? 1. Parents must be provided with a procedural safeguards manual once consent is provided 2. All information collected once consent is obtained must be destroyed if consent is revoked. 3. Only one parent may provide consent. 4. Schools must obtain informed consent before conducting assessments of any kind.
All information collected once consent is obtained must be destroyed if consent is revoked.
Which of the following episodes is related to ethical issues posed by autonomy? a. A therapist determines that a bed-ridden patient in a nursing can walk. The therapist encouraged walking and provided additional support. The therapy resulted in the patient walking; however, she fell and broke her hip while walking around the facility b. A teacher asks the IEP team to help him stop a student from requesting instruction relevant to his intended career as a mechanic. c. A mother of a child with developmental disabilities encourages the school to stop language training, as the mother fears the ability to request objects will make the child "pushy and demanding"
All of the above
Disability
An inability or incapacity to perform a task or activity in normative fashion
The notion of "refrigerator moms" most likely reflects which of the following perceptions of parents among professionals? i. Parents should be passive recipients of services from professionals ii. Any problems observed in a child are typically caused by parents. iii. Parents are collaborators and the drivers of the service process iv. Parents of children with disabilities must not be allowed to reproduce
Any problems observed in a child are typically caused by parents.
Immigrants entering the Unites States in the united states were once said to be entering a melting pot. This most likely refers to which of the following? i. Cultural Pluralism ii. Assimilation iii. Ethnocentrism Micro culture
Assimilation
A school psychologist whose experience primarily counseling for adolescents with ED is asked to assist in creating an IEP of a young boy with ASD who exhibits severe head-banging behavior. The school psychologist is the only mental health professional in the school. What should the school psychologist do? a. Refuse to assist - he is not qualified b. Assist - under the circumstances, he is the only option c. Assist, and consult with experts until a more qualified professional can be found
Assist, and consult with experts until a more qualified professional can be found
Which of the following best describes the purpose of labels such as "developmental delay" and "at risk"? Select all that apply a. The categories keep students from receiving special education services unless they qualify for a specific disability b. The categories are designed to ensure students with certain characteristics receive services designed to prevent more serious deficits c. The categories are designed to ensure that all of states identify students who may require special education service using identical criterion d. The categories are designed to prevent some of the detrimental effects associated with applying specific disability labels to young children
B and D
During an IEP meeting, the general and special educators are advised to reevaluate how paraprofessionals and other personnel interact with students, as several are having difficulty making even simple choices or expressing preferences and hesitate to do so without adult assistance. This is most closely related to which of the following? 1. Self-realization 2. Psychological empowerment 3. Behavioral Autonomy 4. Self-monitoring
Behavioral Autonomy
Mrs. Maizel notices that one of her students, Argnue, is underperforming in 7th Grade Math. Argnue's family is originally from Zimbabwe Which of the following steps is related to ruling out the lack of instruction? 1. Reviewing the student's file to ensure he or she is a native English speaker. 2. Checking the student's attendance records to ensure he or she has regularly attended school. 3. Checking to see if Argnue's performance is similar to those of other students from Zimbabwe 4. Conducting an ecological assessment at the home to ensure that Argnue is receiving proper nutrition.
Checking the student's attendance records to ensure he or she has regularly attended school.
Procedures designed to identify and serve children with disabilities are best referred to as which of the following? 1. Response to intervention 2. Disability Suspect 3. Full and Individual Evaluation 4. Child Find
Child find
Jill, a special educator, is preparing an IEP for a Native American family. She has been reviewing the plan to remove technical terms. Instead, she substitutes words that she thinks are more familiar to the family. She also provides a "cheat sheet" to help individuals unfamiliar with the process read the document. This is an example of which of the following? i. Considering the culture of others ii. Assimilation iii. Microaggression iv. Cultural Dissonance
Considering the culture of others
Which of the following issues is NOT related to developing a greater awareness of the cultural diversity of the client? i. Deciding the priorities of treatment without consulting with family members ii. Talking extensively with the parent about the goals of service iii. Eliminating words like technical terms from our conversations with with parents iv. Making sure all materials are accessible to consumers.
Deciding the priorities of treatment without consulting with family members
Which of the following steps is recommended when working with a family from a different cultural background? i. Try to make them see things from the perspective of the dominant culture ii. Always address the father iii. Defer to the key decision makers in the family iv. Use first names only to make the meetings more comfortable
Defer to the key decision makers in the family
Deinstitutionalization
Deinstitutionalization occurred following the 1960s, and is associated, in many instances with a decrease in the type of abuses seen in many institutions. Some would argue, however, that the community service model is equally flawed
Incompetence in presentation is best exemplified by which of the following? a. Accepting expensive gifts from the families of clients b. Deliberately misleading participants about the effectiveness of an approach to instruction c. Categorizing a child who does not speak English as having a learning disability based on the results of tests written in English
Deliberately misleading participants about the effectiveness of an approach to instruction
An ethical framework that establishes a singular correct action regardless of circumstances is best described as which of the following? a. Scatological b. Deontological c. Teleological d. Tautological
Deontological
The continuum of services is most closely related to which of the following a. Determining the type of services to be provided based on the students' needs b. Determining the location services will be provided based on availability Determining whether a child is eligible for special education
Determining the type of services to be provided based on the students' needs
A school psychologist assisting in the delivery of a Tier 2 intervention in RTI introduced the learning task with the following statement: "You're going to learn a new sound. My turn to say it. When I move under the letter, I'll say the sound. I'll keep on saying it as long as I touch under it. Get ready: mmm. My turn again. Get ready. mmm." After a brief pause, he said "Say it with me: mmmmm." Finally, he said" Your turn. Get ready:" 1. Mainstreaming 2. Fading 3. Differentiated Instruction 4. Direct Instruction
Direct instruction
Which of the following is not one of the thirteen disability categories recognized by the federal government? a. Intellectual disability b. Traumatic Brain Injury c. Down Syndrome d. Developmental Delay
Down Syndrome
Which of the following best describes why some families may not participate in their child's special education? i. It is not required by law ii. Some children do not need parental assistance iii. Due to lack of empowerment iv. Parents of children with disabilities do not care for their children
Due to lack of empowerment
FERPA
Educational version of HIPPA
A perspective whereby a person views his or her cultural practices as correct and those of other groups as inferior, peculiar, or deviant is best defined as which of the following? i. Assimilation ii. Cultural Pluralism iii. Ethnocentrism Stereotype
Ethnocentrism
The movement that sought to improve mankind through selective breeding and which was generally hostile towards families of children with disabilities is most closely associated with which of the following? i. Eugenics ii. Assimilation iii. Family systems approach iv. Cultural adaptation
Eugenics
For which of the following activities must consent probably be obtained? 1. A review of records pertaining to academic performance 2. Use of a behavioral screening measure as part of an RTI framework 3. Evaluation by a speech pathologist. 4. Weekly oral reading fluency probes taken by all students
Evaluation by a speech pathologist.
Which of the following statements concerning special education eligibility is TRUE? 1. Parental consent is not necessary for evaluation, but a parent must agree before the child is formally diagnosed. 2. Evaluation process must be completed within 60 days 3. Parents are not told if the child is deemed ineligible for special education 4. RTI is the first step in formally evaluating a student for special education.
Evaluation process must be completed within 60 days
ADA
Extends civil rights protection to private sector employment, all public services, public accommodations, and transportation; Primarily related to employment
Sean, a student with a learning disability in reading, believes that he will fail his classes regardless of how much he studies because the tests are too hard. This belief is most consistent with which of the following? 1. Behavioral Autonomy 2. Self-determination 3. Self-realization 4. External Locus of Control
External Locus of Control
i. True or False: The following student would be eligible for special education services. A child who has a disability and requires a classroom amplification system to benefit from general education instruction 1. True (T) 2. False (F)
F
A speech pathologist who conducts sessions with a student within his general education classroom works with several other students in addition to conducting a 1:1 session with the target student. This is most closely related to which of the following? 1. Universal design for learning 2. Fading 3. Assistive technology 4. Direct Instruction
Fading
Due to hypersensitivity, a child with autism is unable to tolerate loud noises for long periods of time and avoids the lunchroom or hallways during busy periods. Which of the following terms is most appropriate in referring to the difficulties encountered in these situations? a. Disability b. Handicap c. Exceptionality d. Development Delay
Handicap
Which of the following statements regarding the importance of cultural self-awareness is FALSE? i. Clinicians are generally encouraged to recognize that they may hold beliefs that may detrimentally influence interactions with other groups. ii. Having preconceived notions, prior to meeting the family, can help prevent prejudice iii. Lack of self-awareness can lead to intervening in situations that are not problematic
Having preconceived notions, prior to meeting the family, can help prevent prejudice
Which of the following statements regarding a child's consideration of eligibility during the suspect process is TRUE? 1. If parents request an evaluation, a full evaluation does not need to be performed if a disability is not suspected. 2. Once it is determined that a disability exists, the child must receive services. 3. A child must receive services if an external entity finds the child has a disability 4. A child must be evaluated if he displays poor performance in school, regardless of the cause.
If parents request an evaluation, a full evaluation does not need to be performed if a disability is not suspected.
Which of the following statements concerning the use of institutions for individuals with disabilities is TRUE? 1. Institutions became the most common form of addressing the needs of individuals with disabilities in the US during the 1980's 2. In many cases, individuals with disabilities were forcibly removed from their communities and enrolled in institutions 3. Institutions for individuals with disabilities are exclusively financed by the public 4. In the 1980s, disability advocates fought to get institutions the funds they needed to continue functioning
In many cases, individuals with disabilities were forcibly removed from their communities and enrolled in institutions 3. Institutions for individuals with disabilities are exclusively financed by the public
Definition of Related Services
Include special transportation and other support services (e.g. therapy, counseling, assistive devices) necessary for a student to benefit from the special education program
Which of the following statements related to inclusion is TRUE? 1. Inclusion results is in higher expectations for students with disabilities 2. Students without disabilities score higher on achievement tests when individuals with disabilities are included in the classroom 3. Students with disabilities are prevented from accessing the general curriculum in inclusive settings 4. General educators are typically well-prepared to serve students with disabilities
Inclusion results is in higher expectations for students with disabilities
A vision specialist, for example, provides a general educator with suggestions on how to use various pieces of mobility equipment needed by a student who is visually impaired. The vision specialist does not interact with the student. This is best described as which of the following? i. Arena assessment ii. Indirect consultation iii. Interdisciplinary teaming iv. Social Validity
Indirect Consultation
Person-first language
Individual is acknowledged prior to their disability
Which of the following statements regarding self-determination and individuals with intellectual disabilities is true? 1. Being placed in institutions increases the self-determination skills of individuals with disabilities 2. Individuals with disabilities are allowed far less control over aspects of their lives than individuals without disabilities 3. Being placed in general education classes is sufficient to increase the self-determination skills of individuals with disabilities 4. Instruction in self-determination should only occur outside of the educational/IEP context.
Individuals with disabilities are allowed far less control over aspects of their lives than individuals without disabilities
Which of the following statements concerning the disadvantages of labeling is FALSE? a. Labels may lead to peer rejection b. Labels emphasize what students cannot do c. Labels have a negative impact on the student's self-esteem d. Labels are temporary and have no long term impact on students
Labels are temporary and have no long term impact on students
Examining student FAST data is most likely related to which of the following exclusionary factors? 1. Disability eligibility 2. Limited English proficiency 3. Lack of Appropriate Instruction 4. Ecological factors
Lack of appropriate instruction
A teacher instructed the students to take out their books and open them to a particular page. Most students opened their books; but Adam, a student who received support from a paraprofessional, did not and instead looked around the room. He was looking for the paraprofessional assigned to him. She came over to him, placed her hand on his shoulder, took his book from his desk, placed the book on his desk, repeated the page number, and opened the book to the correct page. This provides an example of which of the following? 1. Fading 2. Learned Helplessness 3. Partial Inclusion 4. Assessment Accommodation
Learned Helplessness
Placing students with disabilities in general education classrooms without the services they need to benefit from instruction is most consistent with which of the following? 1. Institutionalization 2. Mainstreaming 3. Partial Inclusion Fading
Mainstreaming
In consulting with an OT who is having problems with a student with ASD, a BCBA reviews a behavior management plan suggested by the OT during her sessions. Impressed, the BCBA says "I'm actually surprised at how good this plan is." This is most likely an example of which of the following? i. Cultural Competence ii. Microaggression iii. Microinvalidation iv. Stereotype
Microagression
Which of the following statements concerning diversity in Special Education is TRUE? i. Practitioners of SPED are as equally diverse as the populations they serve. ii. Minority students tend to receive more severe punishments iii. The likelihood of receiving a diagnosis of ASD is not related to race or ethnicity iv. Researchers agree that minorities are disproportionately under-diagnosed with disabilities.
Minority students tend to receive more severe punishments
According to Frank's IEP, Frank may use a calculator on segments of the state exam that generally prohibit the use of calculators. This is an example of which of the following? 1. Modification 2. An accommodation 3. A related service 4. Not enough information to tell
Modification
A parent whose child has a disability meets has 1:00 appointment with a behavior analyst, a 2:00 appointment with an OT, and 5:00 meeting with a special educator to discuss an IEP. She never meets with these professionals as a team, and each expert appears to be individually responsible for the services they provide. This arrangement most closely describes which of the following? i. Multidisciplinary team ii. Interdisciplinary team iii. Transdisciplinary team iv. Direct consultation
Multidisciplinary Team
In describing his experiences as a student with a learning disability, Elliot notes that he was often placed in with kids who were separated from other students because they engaged in aggressive behavior. He notes that his main problem was reading, and that his special education teacher liked him because he did not pose any behavior problems. Based on this description, was Elliot in the least restrictive environment? a. Yes b. No
No
NCLB
No Child Left Behind Act; a. Stronger accountability - emphasis on standards, testing, and use of research based methods in education i. What works clearinghouse, 2002 b. Expanded flexibility - allows parents to seek federal funds in order to leave failing schools to attend better performing school's/charter schools c. Highly qualified teachers - required schools to ha e highly qualified teachers by 2005. Provided funds for professional development d. Learning English - New programs and test for limited English proficient (LEP) students
According to Frank's IEP, Frank's teachers must read standardized test questions aloud to Frank. This is an example of which of the following? 1. A modification 2. An accommodation 3. A related service 4. Not enough information to tell
Not enough information to tell
Wilma is a special educator receiving assistance from a Donna, a behavior analyst, for a student with ADHD. Wilma wants Donna to be solely responsible for administering punishment. This is consistent with which of the following models of consultation? i. Complete ii. Collaboration iii. Expert iv. Pair of Hands
Pair of hands
Which of the following statements concerning the disability suspect process is TRUE? 1. It was designed to increase the time educators take in attempting to provide remedial services prior to a special education evaluation. 2. Parental involvement is not required. 3. Special educators must be involved. 4. The child must be involved.
Parental involvement is not required.
The total number of individuals with a disability existing in the population at a given time is best described as which of the following a. Incidence b. Yearly Rate c. Prevalence d. Disability Rate
Prevalence
Which of the following statements regarding collaboration in special education is TRUE? i. Special education exclusively requires cooperation between parents, educators, and special educators. ii. Special education services are only provided in school iii. All professionals relevant to special education are directly employed by schools. iv. Professionals involved in special education may be required to conduct assessments, administer services directly to students, or train to parents to implement services.
Professionals involved in special education may be required to conduct assessments, administer services directly to students, or train to parents to implement services.
Which of the following attributes can be considered a source of identity? Select all that apply. i. Race ii. Political Beliefs iii. Ethnicity iv. Disability
Race, Political Beliefs, Ethnicity, Disability
Which of the following statements regarding cultural adaptations is FALSE? i. Research suggests cultural adaptations based on ethnicity greatly enhance the effectiveness of practices for minority groups. ii. Cultural adaptations generally focus on aspects of culture other than ethnicity iii. Many of the cultural adaptations featured in the literature are based upon stereotypes. iv. Issues observed in working with culturally diverse families may emerge from factors other than their diversity.
Research suggests cultural adaptations based on ethnicity greatly enhance the effectiveness of practices for minority groups.
A young man with developmental disabilities becomes aggressive in the afternoons—he disrobes, stays in his room, and listens to music, rather than participate in group activities. Removing the man from his room often involves crisis procedures implemented by multiple staff. One of the employees suggests that the man should be allowed to stay in his room, thus avoiding the problem entirely. This is related to which of the following? a. Pursuit of excellence b. Respect for rights and dignity c. Integrity d. Confidentiality
Respect for rights and dignity
RTI
Response to Intervention is a multi-tier approach to the early identification and support of students with learning and behavior needs
A framework for continually evaluating students and assigning appropriately intensive instruction regardless of disability categorization is best defined as which of the following? a. Special education b. Response to intervention c. Individualized education plan d. Individuals and disabilities education improvement act
Response to intervention
Isabella, a 3-yr-old with multiple disabilities, was able to move her eyes to look about the room, but not able to move her neck, trunk, or limbs without assistance. One of her parents' priorities therefore was to find positions that were comfortable for her. At a team meeting in the presence of the mother, Isabella's primary therapist (a speech-language pathologist) and a physiotherapist met together determined that supported side-lying would be a good position for the primary therapist to try. The speech-therapist then supported this position during Isabella's speech sessions. This most closely relates to which of the following? i. Direct Consultation ii. Role Release iii. The "Pair of Hands" Approach iv. Multidisciplinary Team
Role release
Bill, a student with an intellectual disability, knows that he has difficulty with mathematics. In selecting his college classes, he selects remedial courses and calls his professors to see whether he is likely to benefit from their teaching methods. This is most consistent with which of the following? 1. An external locus of control 2. Self-realization 3. Goal-setting Learned Helplessness
Self-realization
Brown vs Board of Education is most closely associated with which of the following? 1. Separate schools for different populations are inherently unequal, and therefore, unconstitutional 2. The cost of educating students with disabilities does not justify their exclusion from educational services 3. Intelligence tests could not be used as the sole basis for placement 4. Individuals with disabilities should be educated in institutions
Separate schools for different populations are inherently unequal, and therefore, unconstitutional
Which of the following is closely associated with deinstitutionalization? 1. Separation of children with disabilities away from their families 2. Experimentation, abuse, neglect 3. Shift of services for individuals with disabilities into their communities 4. Services for individuals with prior to the 1960s
Shift of services for individuals with disabilities into their communities
Which of the following statements regarding identity-first language is TRUE? a. It is the default method of referring to individuals with disabilities b. Some groups prefer the identity-first language c. It is designed to acknowledge the fundamental humanity of individuals apart from their disability d. It should never be used by educators or individuals in related professions
Some groups prefer the identity-first language
Which of the following is NOT considered a related service? a. Speech and language b. Special education c. Orientation and mobility d. Physical therapy
Special Education
Which of the following statements concerning special education is FALSE? a. Special education is always delivered in unique settings, such as hospitals, resource rooms, or self-contained classrooms b. Special education is provided at no cost to parents c. Special education can help students with disabilities acquire functional skills (e.g. tying shoe laces, cooking dinner) Special education can help students with disabilities access the general curriculum
Special education is always delivered in unique settings, such as hospitals, resource rooms, or self-contained classrooms
SPED Definition
Specially designed instruction provided at no cost to parents in all settings
Examples of related service providers
Speech and hearing therapy, counseling, assistive devices
Ms. Phillip is a new special education teacher finishing her first year of teaching a self-contained class at a local high school. Her college instructor emphasized the importance of strictly following the administration protocol when assessing students with a standardized test. At the end of the year Ms. Phillip's school evaluates all students who have IEPs with a set of standardized tests. Ms. Phillip administered a standardized math test to a student and reported the results to her principal. Her principal expressed concern over the low scores and asked Ms. Phillip specific questions about her student's performance. As a result, the principal instructed Ms. Phillip to give credit for questions the student might have been able to answer correctly but got wrong on the test. This is relevant to which of the CEC standards? a. Standard 1: Maintaining challenging expectations for individuals with exceptionalities to develop the highest possible learning outcomes and quality of life potential in ways that respect their dignity, culture, language, and background. b. Standard 7: Protecting and supporting the physical and psychological safety of individuals with exceptionalities. c. Standard 11: Engaging in the improvement of the profession through active participation in professional organizations. d. Standard 12: Participating in the growth and dissemination of professional knowledge and skills.
Standard 1: Maintaining challenging expectations for individuals with exceptionalities to develop the highest possible learning outcomes and quality of life potential in ways that respect their dignity, culture, language, and background.
Ms. Pullman and Ms. Mable are both sixth-grade English teachers. Ms. Pullman, a new teacher at the school, has additional certification in gifted education. Ms. Mable has been a certified English teacher for a number of years. Ms. Mable has been overheard making negative comments about Ms. Pullman's teaching ability and about Ms. Pullman personally in the faculty lounge. Mr. Daniels, the sixth-grade special education teacher, has heard Ms. Mable making negative comments about Ms. Pullman on more than one occasion and he knows that these comments are false. He also knows that Ms. Mable has been angry that Ms. Pullman was asked to teach the advanced English class. This is a class Ms. Mable had expressed a desire to teach. This is relevant to which of the following codes? a. Standard 8: Neither engaging in nor tolerating any practice that harms individuals with exceptionalities. b. Standard 3: Promoting meaningful and inclusive participation of individuals with exceptionalities in their schools and communities. c. Standard 4: Practicing collegially with others who are providing services to individuals with exceptionalities. d. This is an unpleasant situation, but Mr. Daniels is not obligated to take any action
Standard 4: Practicing collegially with others who are providing services to individuals with exceptionalities.
Which of the following statements pertaining to eligibility categories for special education is TRUE? a. States that do not use special education categories are not required to determine if a specific child is included in one of the categories under federal law b. States can acknowledge categories of students that are not present in federal law (e.g. academically gifted) c. Districts receive 40% of the cost of educating students with disabilities from the federal government The special education funds a district receives are entirely based on the number of students identified as having a disability within each district
States can acknowledge categories of students that are not present in federal law (e.g. academically gifted)
Understand general idea of how states receive funding and who is responsible for SPED implementation
States receive funding on the number of students identified within the state. They then distribute funds (and provide any additional monies) based on the need as well as the compliance of individual LEAs with special education policy
Believing that Native American beliefs regarding the inviolability of a person (e.g., no person has the right to control another person) leads to a permissive parenting style, and modifying your approach to working with the child in advance of meeting or learning about family, provides an example of which of the following? i. Cultural Pluralism ii. Stereotyping iii. Assimilation iv. Cultural Competency
Stereotyping
According to the USDOE's Annual Report to Congress, which of the following populations of students is most likely to entirely receive services in a setting outside of a regular classroom? a. Students with a specific learning disability b. Students with attention deficit disorder c. Students with an emotional disturbance d. Students with an Intellectual disability
Students with an emotional disturbance
Which of the following statements DOES NOT support the use of labeling in special education? a. Labels help professionals communicate with each other b. Teachers will often lower performance expectations based on a student's disability level c. Funding, accommodations, and services are directly linked to labels d. Labels help advocacy groups promote awareness
Teachers will often lower performance expectations based on a student's disability level
What is provided by an IEP?
The IEP is the vehicle for delivering special education into every eligible student with a disability; 1. Present Level of performance 2. Annual goals, short-term objectives 3. Special education and related services required 4. Supplementary aids and services, testing accommodations 5. Assistive technology 6. Dates and Times 7. Transition Planning 8. Least Restrictive Environment
Identity-first language
The disability is put first to acknowledge the disability as part of their identity/culture
Disproportionality is best defined as which of the following? i. The overrepresentation of minority groups in special education ii. The underrepresentation of minority groups in special education iii. The underrepresentation of White females as practitioners in SPED iv. The extent to which the number of students from specific groups who identified are with disabilities is inconsistent with the number of individuals from this group in the population.
The extent to which the number of students from specific groups who identified are with disabilities is inconsistent with the number of individuals from this group in the population.
In signing a consent document following the disability suspect process, a parent is agreeing to which of the following? 1. The parent agrees to allow the school to perform procedures described in the consent form 2. e parent agrees to allow their child to receive special education services 3. The parent agrees to allow the school to complete whatever assessments are necessary to determine whether or not the child has a disability 4. The parent agrees to allow their child to receive targeted intervention for the purposes of increasing performance.
The parent agrees to allow the school to perform procedures described in the consent form
Handicap
The problems or difficulties a person with a disability encounters when attempting to function in a specific environment
Continuum of Services - where is education provided? What is meant by the continuum?
The range of services available to students with disabilities - often pertains to where a student receives education; Level 1: (Least Restrictive) General education classroom Level 2: General education classroom with instruction, co-teaching, or other services Level 3: General education classroom with resource room services -pull-out Level 4: Full-time special education classroom Level 5: Special school Level 6: Most restrictive Special residential facilities, nonpublic school
Which of the following most specifically includes goals following high school, as well as responsibilities school officials will assume in order to assure an individual with disabilities moves smoothly from school to living and working in the community? a. Present levels of Performance b. Transition Plan c. Individualized Family Service Plan d. Individualized Education Plan
Transition plan
True or False: The following student would be eligible for special education services. A child who has a disability and requires the services of an itinerant teacher of the deaf and hard-of-hearing and a classroom amplification system. 1. True 2. False
True
True or False: Initially, the SDLMI process emphasizes the completion short-term, achievable goals. 1. True 2. False
True; SDLMI
Social validity is closely related to all of the procedures below EXCEPT which of the following? i. Asking teachers if they liked the intervention ii. Watching teachers to see if they implemented the intervention correctly iii. Asking parents if they think there child has improved following the intervention. iv. Asking observers if they see any real difference in children who have and have not received the intervention.
Watching teachers to see if they implemented the intervention correctly
Which of the following statements concerning the overrepresentation of minorities in special education is TRUE? i. There are more African-Americans enrolled in special education than any other group. ii. Among children who struggle academically, African-Americans are more likely to receive special education students than White students iii. White students are more likely to receive a diagnosis of ASD than other groups. iv. Asian-Americans are more likely to receive severe punishment than other groups.
White students are more likely to receive a diagnosis of ASD than other groups.
Exceptionality
a person evaluated in accordance with the federal and/or state regulations as having: Autism. Deaf / blind. Developmental delay. Giftedness.
Section 504
a. Defines disability based on presence of impairment, rather than category b. No federal funding c. No age restriction d. Denies federal funding to public and private organizations that deny access or otherwise discriminate against individuals with disabilities. e. Provides for FAPE and access to extracurricular activities f. Applies to students with a mental or physical disability that limits a major life activity, and is more inclusive than IDEA. A student may have a 504 plan and be protected under IDEA, or have a 504 plan but receive protections under IDEA. Students require accommodations to succeed in school, but do not require changes in instruction
Disadvantages to labels
a. Focuses on what students cannot do b. May stigmatize the child and lead to peer rejection c. May negatively affect self-esteem d. May cause others to have low expectations for the student e. May take the role of fictional explanatory constructs f. Takes away from the child's individuality g. Suggest that there is something wrong with the child h. Labels have permanence i. Basis for keeping children out of the regular classroom j. Excuse ineffective instruction
Advantages to labels
a. Recognizing differences in learning and behavior is the first step to responding responsibly to those differences b. A label can provide access to accommodations and services c. May lead to more acceptance of atypical behavior by peers d. Helps professionals communicate and disseminate research findings e. Funding and resources are often based on categories f. Helps advocacy groups promote more awareness g. Makes special needs more visible
Types of consultation
direct and indirect
Why is cultural competence important? Select all that apply i. Cultural competence can help prevent, or understand, conflict between practitioners, families, and institutions ii. Awareness of cultural differences can assist in making treatment more acceptable to clients iii. Culturally competent clinicians learn the importance of treating everyone the same iv. Recognition of one's own biases can help avoid having these biases influence clinical decision making
i, ii, iv
Dimensions of IDEA
lre, fape, zero reject
A school counselor conducts an initial interview with a student whose severe anxiety prevents them from attending the class. After the first session, an administrator approaches the analyst and congratulates him on treating the child, and mentions the rapid improvement in the child's condition. The counselor thanks the administrator and suggests the results are consistent with his experience. Was this response consistent with the principals of fidelity and responsibility? a. Yes b. no
no
