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How do isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions differ?
-Hypotonic solution has lower solvent concentration than the other solution -Hypertonic solution has more solvent concentration than the other solution -isotonic solution has similar concentration on both sides of the semi-permeable membrane.
The primary protein produced by the main cell type in skin is
A) Actin B) Melanin C) Keratin D) Collagen C
Synovial joints are surrounded by a/an ____ and filled with ____
A) Articular disc; serous fluid B) joint capsule; synovial fluid C) articular cartilage; serous fluid D) articular disc, synovial fluid B
Which of the following best characterizes the extracellular matrix (ECM) of bone tissue
A) Bone tissue ECM consists of only calcium hydroxyapatite crystals B) Bone tissue ECM consists of calcium hydroxyapatite crystals and collagen fibers. C) Bone tissue ECM consists of only collagen fibers D) Bone tissue ECM consists of collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers B
Which of the following is the primary component of the plasma membrane?
A) Cholesterol B) Glycolipids C) Phospholipids D) Integral proteins C
In the zone of ossification of the epiphyseal plate
A) Chondrocytes are actively dividing B) Chondrocytes are maintained in a reserve to divide if needed C) Chondrocytes begin to enlarge in their lacunae as they mature D) Chondrocytes are calcified and abut the diaphysis with osteoblasts D
From where do the cells of the epidermis obtain oxygen and nutrients
A) From blood vessels in the epidermis B) Diffusion from blood vessels in the dermis C) Diffusion from the air D) From blood vessels in other epithelial tissues B
What is the general function of a bone projection
A) It provides a pathway along which blood vessels or nerves travel B) It provides a point of attachment for tendons or ligaments C) It houses or protects structures such as blood vessels or sensory organs D) it allows two bones to come together to form a joint B
Osteocytes are located in ____ and function to ____
A) Lacunae; maintain and monitor the bone ECM B) the periosteum; maintain and monitor the bone ECM C) Lacunae; build bone matrix D) the periosteum; build bone matrix A
Which of the following are characteristics of thin skin(Circle all)
A) Located over the palms and the soles of the feet B) Contains hair and arrector pili muscles C) Contains sweat glands D) Very thick stratum corneum E) Contains sebaceous glands F) Contains a stratum lucidum B,C,E
Long bones are
A) Named for their length B) About as long as they are wide C) Irregular in shape D) Longer than they are wide D
Which of the following factors influences the rate at which diffusion takes place?
A) Size of the particles B) Temperature C) Steepness of the concentration gradient D) All of the above D
Which of the following characteristics apply to skeletal muscle tissue
A) Stratified B) Non-striated C) Multinucleate D) Uninucleate E) Contains intercalated discs F) Voluntary G) Involuntary H) Auto rhythmic A,C,F
An epithelial tissue that has one layer of rectangular cells would be classified as
A) Stratified squamous epithelium B) Simple cuboidal epithelium C) Stratified columnar epithelium D) Simple columnar epithelium D
In which layer of the epidermis are melanocytes found
A) Stratum corneum B) Stratum granulosum C) Stratum basale D) Stratum lucidum E) Stratum spinosum C
Which of the following correctly describes a pivot joint?
A) The convex articular surface of one bone fits into a concave articular surface of another bone B) One bone rotates around another bone C) The flat articular surfaces of two bones glide past one another D) The rounded, ball-like end of one bone fits into a concave depression of another bone B
Which of the following describes a hinge joint correctly?
A) The convex articular surface of one bone fits into a concave articular surface of another bone B) One bone rotates around another bone C) The flat articular surfaces of two bones glide past one another D) The rounded, ball-like end of the bone fits into a concave depression of another bone A
Examples of short bones include
A) The phalanges B) The sternum C) Ankle bones D) Both a and b are correct E) Both a and c are correct C
The epiphyseal line is
A) The structure from which long bones grow in length B) A remnant of the structure from which long bones grow in length C) Composed of hyaline cartilage D) Found lining the surface of the epiphysis B
Eccrine sweat is released into a ____, and sebum is released into a ____
A) a duct; a hair follicle B) a hair follicle; a blood vessel C) a duct; a blood vessel D) a hair follicle; a duct A
The main function of a fibrous joint is to
A) allow motion to occur between two bones B) provide stability between two bones C) unite two bones with cartilage D) allow some motion while still providing stability between two bones E) Unite two bones with a synovial cavity B
The extracellular matrix of bone consists of
A) collagen fibers B) calcium hydroxyapatite crystals C) ground substances D) Choices a and b only are correct E) Choices a, b, and c are correct D
An amphiarthrosis is defined as a
A) joint that allows no motion B) joint that is freely moveable C) joint with multiple axes of motion D) joint that allows some motion D
Simple squamous epithelium
Air sacs of the lungs
Nervous tissue
Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves
Tissue consists of what two main components
Cells and Extracellular matrix(ECM)
Lysosome
Contain(s) digestive enzymes
Microtubule
Cytoskeleton filament found in cilia and flagella
Flexion
Decreasing the angle between two bones
Reticular layer
Deep layer of the dermis; dense irregular collagenous connective tissue
Articular discs provide a smooth, nearly frictionless surface for articulation
False
Bundles of collagen fibers are arranged parallel to one another in dense irregular collagenous connective tissue
False
Bursae improve the fit between two bones in a synovial joint
False
Circumferential lamellae are located between osteons
False
Compact bone is composed of spicules called trabeculae
False
Fibrocartilage has a smooth, glassy appearance due to a large amount of ground substance and few visible protein fibers.
False
Fluid-filled sacs called ligaments often lie between tendons and the joint capsule of a synovial joint
False
Osteoclasts secrete bone matrix
False
The dividing cells of a nail are located in the eponychium
False
The periosteum contains osteoblasts and osteocytes
False
The primary element in dense regular collagenous connective tissue is ground substance
False
Ribosomes
Granular organelles that are the sites of protein synthesis
Cardiac muscle
In the heart
Extension
Increasing the angle between two bones
What is the function of intercalated discs?
It links the cells together and define their borders
Hyaline cartilage
Joints, connecting the ribs to the sternum, nose
Smooth muscle
Lining hollow organs, in the skin, in the eye, and surrounding many glands
Rotation
Movement around a central axis
Circumduction
Movement in a circle
Abduction
Movement of a body part away from the midline
Adduction
Movement of a body part toward the midline
Dorsiflexion
Movement of the ankle that decreases the angle between the foot and leg
How do non axial, uniaxial, biaxial, and multi-axial synovial joints differ?
Non-axial does not move around on an axis. Uniaxial is only allowed to move in one direction. Biaxial moves in two planes. Multi-axial moves in all ways abled.
Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium
Oral cavity, Pharynx, Vagina, Anus
Loose CT
Part of the basement membrane, walls of hollow organs
Actin Filaments
Part of the cytoskeleton located along the plasma membrane and in microvilli that helps maintain the cell's shape
What are the three basic components of most cells?
Plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and the nucleus
Hair shaft
Portion of the hair that projects from the skin's surface
Lamellated corpuscle
Pressure receptor in the dermis
Mitochondria
Produce(s) the bulk of the cell's ATP
Dermal papillae
Projections of the dermis that indent the epidermis
Sweat gland
Secrete product through a pore
Sebaceous gland
Secretes sebum(oil)
Smooth ER
Series of membrane-enclosed sacs that detoxify substances and synthesize lipids
Rough ER
Series of membrane-enclosed sacs with ribosomes on the surface
Hair follicle
Sheath of epithelial and connective tissue around a hair
Reticular CT
Spleen and lymph nodes
Golgi apparatus
Stack of flattened sacs that modify and sort proteins
Papillary layer
Superficial layer of the dermis; loose connective tissue
Dense regular collagenous CT
Tendons and ligaments
Nucleolus
The cell's "ribosome factory"
A hair follicle is composed of epithelium and connective tissue
True
Adipocytes contain a large lipid droplet in their cytoplasm
True
An arrector pili muscle is composed of skeletal muscle tissue
True
Both hairs and nails are composed primarily of dead keratinocytes
True
Compact bone is the hard, outer bone
True
Loose connective tissue contains all three protein fiber types
True
Spongy bone houses red and yellow bone marrow
True
The articulating ends of the bones in a synovial joint are covered by articular cartilage
True
The tendon sheath of a synovial joint is lined with a synovial membrane
True
Pronation
Turning the palm over to face down
Transitional epithelium
Urinary Bladder
Peroxisome
Vesicular organelle that detoxifies substances, metabolizes fatty acids, and synthesizes phospholipids