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How do isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions differ?

-Hypotonic solution has lower solvent concentration than the other solution -Hypertonic solution has more solvent concentration than the other solution -isotonic solution has similar concentration on both sides of the semi-permeable membrane.

The primary protein produced by the main cell type in skin is

A) Actin B) Melanin C) Keratin D) Collagen C

Synovial joints are surrounded by a/an ____ and filled with ____

A) Articular disc; serous fluid B) joint capsule; synovial fluid C) articular cartilage; serous fluid D) articular disc, synovial fluid B

Which of the following best characterizes the extracellular matrix (ECM) of bone tissue

A) Bone tissue ECM consists of only calcium hydroxyapatite crystals B) Bone tissue ECM consists of calcium hydroxyapatite crystals and collagen fibers. C) Bone tissue ECM consists of only collagen fibers D) Bone tissue ECM consists of collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers B

Which of the following is the primary component of the plasma membrane?

A) Cholesterol B) Glycolipids C) Phospholipids D) Integral proteins C

In the zone of ossification of the epiphyseal plate

A) Chondrocytes are actively dividing B) Chondrocytes are maintained in a reserve to divide if needed C) Chondrocytes begin to enlarge in their lacunae as they mature D) Chondrocytes are calcified and abut the diaphysis with osteoblasts D

From where do the cells of the epidermis obtain oxygen and nutrients

A) From blood vessels in the epidermis B) Diffusion from blood vessels in the dermis C) Diffusion from the air D) From blood vessels in other epithelial tissues B

What is the general function of a bone projection

A) It provides a pathway along which blood vessels or nerves travel B) It provides a point of attachment for tendons or ligaments C) It houses or protects structures such as blood vessels or sensory organs D) it allows two bones to come together to form a joint B

Osteocytes are located in ____ and function to ____

A) Lacunae; maintain and monitor the bone ECM B) the periosteum; maintain and monitor the bone ECM C) Lacunae; build bone matrix D) the periosteum; build bone matrix A

Which of the following are characteristics of thin skin(Circle all)

A) Located over the palms and the soles of the feet B) Contains hair and arrector pili muscles C) Contains sweat glands D) Very thick stratum corneum E) Contains sebaceous glands F) Contains a stratum lucidum B,C,E

Long bones are

A) Named for their length B) About as long as they are wide C) Irregular in shape D) Longer than they are wide D

Which of the following factors influences the rate at which diffusion takes place?

A) Size of the particles B) Temperature C) Steepness of the concentration gradient D) All of the above D

Which of the following characteristics apply to skeletal muscle tissue

A) Stratified B) Non-striated C) Multinucleate D) Uninucleate E) Contains intercalated discs F) Voluntary G) Involuntary H) Auto rhythmic A,C,F

An epithelial tissue that has one layer of rectangular cells would be classified as

A) Stratified squamous epithelium B) Simple cuboidal epithelium C) Stratified columnar epithelium D) Simple columnar epithelium D

In which layer of the epidermis are melanocytes found

A) Stratum corneum B) Stratum granulosum C) Stratum basale D) Stratum lucidum E) Stratum spinosum C

Which of the following correctly describes a pivot joint?

A) The convex articular surface of one bone fits into a concave articular surface of another bone B) One bone rotates around another bone C) The flat articular surfaces of two bones glide past one another D) The rounded, ball-like end of one bone fits into a concave depression of another bone B

Which of the following describes a hinge joint correctly?

A) The convex articular surface of one bone fits into a concave articular surface of another bone B) One bone rotates around another bone C) The flat articular surfaces of two bones glide past one another D) The rounded, ball-like end of the bone fits into a concave depression of another bone A

Examples of short bones include

A) The phalanges B) The sternum C) Ankle bones D) Both a and b are correct E) Both a and c are correct C

The epiphyseal line is

A) The structure from which long bones grow in length B) A remnant of the structure from which long bones grow in length C) Composed of hyaline cartilage D) Found lining the surface of the epiphysis B

Eccrine sweat is released into a ____, and sebum is released into a ____

A) a duct; a hair follicle B) a hair follicle; a blood vessel C) a duct; a blood vessel D) a hair follicle; a duct A

The main function of a fibrous joint is to

A) allow motion to occur between two bones B) provide stability between two bones C) unite two bones with cartilage D) allow some motion while still providing stability between two bones E) Unite two bones with a synovial cavity B

The extracellular matrix of bone consists of

A) collagen fibers B) calcium hydroxyapatite crystals C) ground substances D) Choices a and b only are correct E) Choices a, b, and c are correct D

An amphiarthrosis is defined as a

A) joint that allows no motion B) joint that is freely moveable C) joint with multiple axes of motion D) joint that allows some motion D

Simple squamous epithelium

Air sacs of the lungs

Nervous tissue

Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves

Tissue consists of what two main components

Cells and Extracellular matrix(ECM)

Lysosome

Contain(s) digestive enzymes

Microtubule

Cytoskeleton filament found in cilia and flagella

Flexion

Decreasing the angle between two bones

Reticular layer

Deep layer of the dermis; dense irregular collagenous connective tissue

Articular discs provide a smooth, nearly frictionless surface for articulation

False

Bundles of collagen fibers are arranged parallel to one another in dense irregular collagenous connective tissue

False

Bursae improve the fit between two bones in a synovial joint

False

Circumferential lamellae are located between osteons

False

Compact bone is composed of spicules called trabeculae

False

Fibrocartilage has a smooth, glassy appearance due to a large amount of ground substance and few visible protein fibers.

False

Fluid-filled sacs called ligaments often lie between tendons and the joint capsule of a synovial joint

False

Osteoclasts secrete bone matrix

False

The dividing cells of a nail are located in the eponychium

False

The periosteum contains osteoblasts and osteocytes

False

The primary element in dense regular collagenous connective tissue is ground substance

False

Ribosomes

Granular organelles that are the sites of protein synthesis

Cardiac muscle

In the heart

Extension

Increasing the angle between two bones

What is the function of intercalated discs?

It links the cells together and define their borders

Hyaline cartilage

Joints, connecting the ribs to the sternum, nose

Smooth muscle

Lining hollow organs, in the skin, in the eye, and surrounding many glands

Rotation

Movement around a central axis

Circumduction

Movement in a circle

Abduction

Movement of a body part away from the midline

Adduction

Movement of a body part toward the midline

Dorsiflexion

Movement of the ankle that decreases the angle between the foot and leg

How do non axial, uniaxial, biaxial, and multi-axial synovial joints differ?

Non-axial does not move around on an axis. Uniaxial is only allowed to move in one direction. Biaxial moves in two planes. Multi-axial moves in all ways abled.

Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium

Oral cavity, Pharynx, Vagina, Anus

Loose CT

Part of the basement membrane, walls of hollow organs

Actin Filaments

Part of the cytoskeleton located along the plasma membrane and in microvilli that helps maintain the cell's shape

What are the three basic components of most cells?

Plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and the nucleus

Hair shaft

Portion of the hair that projects from the skin's surface

Lamellated corpuscle

Pressure receptor in the dermis

Mitochondria

Produce(s) the bulk of the cell's ATP

Dermal papillae

Projections of the dermis that indent the epidermis

Sweat gland

Secrete product through a pore

Sebaceous gland

Secretes sebum(oil)

Smooth ER

Series of membrane-enclosed sacs that detoxify substances and synthesize lipids

Rough ER

Series of membrane-enclosed sacs with ribosomes on the surface

Hair follicle

Sheath of epithelial and connective tissue around a hair

Reticular CT

Spleen and lymph nodes

Golgi apparatus

Stack of flattened sacs that modify and sort proteins

Papillary layer

Superficial layer of the dermis; loose connective tissue

Dense regular collagenous CT

Tendons and ligaments

Nucleolus

The cell's "ribosome factory"

A hair follicle is composed of epithelium and connective tissue

True

Adipocytes contain a large lipid droplet in their cytoplasm

True

An arrector pili muscle is composed of skeletal muscle tissue

True

Both hairs and nails are composed primarily of dead keratinocytes

True

Compact bone is the hard, outer bone

True

Loose connective tissue contains all three protein fiber types

True

Spongy bone houses red and yellow bone marrow

True

The articulating ends of the bones in a synovial joint are covered by articular cartilage

True

The tendon sheath of a synovial joint is lined with a synovial membrane

True

Pronation

Turning the palm over to face down

Transitional epithelium

Urinary Bladder

Peroxisome

Vesicular organelle that detoxifies substances, metabolizes fatty acids, and synthesizes phospholipids