Chem 100 Exam 3

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How many structural isomers are there for the formula C₃H₈

1

How many structural isomers of C₄H₁₀ exist?

2

How many constitutional isomers of C₅H₁₂ are there?

3

How many constitutional (structural) isomers of C₆H₁₄ exist?

5

Identify groups of structural isomers among the compounds below.

5, 6, 1, & 4

What is the proof of an alcoholic beverage that contains 35 percent Alcohol by Volume (%ABV)?

70

Which of the following molecules is a ketone?

B

Comparing the structures of aspirin, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen, what structural units do they share?

Benzene rings

Which of the following molecules is a carboxylic acid?

C

Which of the following molecular formulas has the largest number of constitutional isomers?

C₆H₁₄

Which of the following molecules is an ester?

D

This is a schematic representation of the two different forms of polyethylene. Which of the following statements is true?

I is HDPE & it has a higher melting point than II which is LDPE

In this molecule four different functional groups are circled. Which is the carboxylic acid functional group?

III

Why is water a good solvent for cooking?

It has the ability to absorb significant amounts of heat before changing phase

The molecule below is a metabolic precursor of both testosterone and estrone. What functional group(s) are present?

Ketone

This is a representation of a plastic bag being stretched. Which statement best describes what is happening in the figure?

Molecular chains shift from a random orientation to align parallel to each other in the direction of the pulling force

Which is an amine group?

NH2

How are HDPE and LDPE different?

One has branched chains while one is linear.

Incineration of plastics can be used to generate energy. One of the "big six" plastics releases hydrochloric acid, HCl, when incinerated. Which one?

PVC

Which statement describes how curing meat works?

The meat is salted and this draws out water through osmosis

What do the "big six" polymers have in common?

They all are thermoplastics (can be melted and shaped).

What is an amphiphilic molecule?

a molecule that is attracted to both polar & nonpolar molecules

a Monomer is

a small molecule used to make a polymer chain

Which compound is the result of ethanol metabolism in the body?

acetaldehyde

What functional groups are common to both of structures below?

acid

The structure of the antiviral drug penciclovir is shown below. Which of the following functional groups is indicated by the box?

alcohol

Which functional group does this molecule contain?

alcohol

The organic compound shown here is classified as a(n) _____.

aldehyde

classify the molecule

aldehyde

Every year about 100 billion pounds of plastic are produced in the United States (over 350 pounds for every woman, man, and child). What strategies may be employed to reduce the amount of plastics going into landfills?

all of these are correct

The structure of omeprazole is shown below. Which of the following functional groups is indicated by the box?

amine

Which functional group contains a nitrogen atom?

amine

What physical property is used in distillation to separate components?

boiling point

What structural feature do the two hormones shown have in common?

both have alcohol functional groups

The "big six" polymers are all classified as thermoplastics because they

can be melted & shaped

The structure of penicillamine is shown below. Which of the following functional groups is indicated by the box?

carboxylic acid

Identify the functional groups present in ibuprofen.

carboxylic acid & benzene ring

Egg whites start out translucent and become white only after heat is added. What type of change occurs when the egg turns white?

chemical & physical

Determine the arrangements of substituents in the following molecule

cis

How do conventional ovens cook food differently than microwave ovens?

conventional ovens heat the air surrounding the food & microwave ovens do not heat the air

Which raw material serves as the source for most polymers?

crude oil

The regions of a polymer where the long polymer molecules are arranged neatly and tightly in a regular pattern is called the ________ region.

crystalline

The octet rule is applied to bonding in carbon containing compounds. In accordance with the octet rule,

each bonded carbon atom shares electrons so that it has exactly eight outer valence electrons.

Identify the type of organic compound shown

ester

The structure of cocaine is shown below. Which of the following functional groups is indicated by the box?

ester

Isopentyl acetate (shown here) is used as a flavoring agent in food. Its fragrance is that of bananas. What functional group(s) is(are) present in this compound?

ester only

What type of organic compound is CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₃?

ether

Which process is used when brewing tea?

extraction

Which process is found both in wine-making and bread-making?

fermentation

Which statement provides a description and an example of an anaerobic process?

fermentation is the metabolism of sugar by yeast in the absence of air

Which compound is the result of methanol metabolism in the body?

formaldehyde

The distinctive arrangements of atoms that impart characteristic chemical properties to the molecules that contain them are called

functional groups

What do the letters HDPE represent?

high density polyethylene

Which of these statements are correct for addition polymerization only? i. Monomer units chemically bond together ii. Product contains all the atoms of the starting material iii. There is generally just one monomer

i & ii

PET (polyethylene terephthalate) is classified as a polyester because

it contains many ester linkages

The solubility of carbon dioxide in water decreases as the temperature increases. Which temperature and pressure combination would yield the most dissolved carbon dioxide into water?

low temperature, high pressure

A polymer is a large molecule

made up of long chains of atoms covalently bonded together

Which compound can inadvertently be created through the distillation process and can be fatal if consumed?

methanol

Will synthetic polymers always have to be made from crude oil?

no, new technologies are being developed to use bio based raw materials

Which statement describes what happens when oil and water are mixed together?

oil is nonpolar & water is polar & they do not mix

Cold brew coffee takes about 12 hours to brew. The slower brewing process pulls the coffee flavor and caffeine from the coffee grounds, but most of the compounds that make drip brew coffee taste bitter and sour do not dissolve into the water. Which physical property of coffee is responsible for this difference in flavor?

solubility

Which statement describes how food is cooked using microwaves?

the food absorbs the microwaves & its molecules begin to rotate causing heat

What is an advantage of sous vide cooking?

the food is cooked at the same temperature at which it will be eaten

This pie chart gives the composition by weight of municipal solid waste (MSW) before recycling in 2008. Which of the following statements is not true?

the plastic & paper waste combined account for more than half the MSW

Ceviche is cooked using an acid. Which statement describes what happens to the protein when the acid is added?

the protein is denatured

Isomers are compounds that have

the same chemical formulas but different molecular structures and physical properties.

Chocolate's appeal is related to its smell and taste.

true

What is biodegradation?

using bacteria and fungi to "eat" the waste plastic


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