Chem 100 Exam 3
How many structural isomers are there for the formula C₃H₈
1
How many structural isomers of C₄H₁₀ exist?
2
How many constitutional isomers of C₅H₁₂ are there?
3
How many constitutional (structural) isomers of C₆H₁₄ exist?
5
Identify groups of structural isomers among the compounds below.
5, 6, 1, & 4
What is the proof of an alcoholic beverage that contains 35 percent Alcohol by Volume (%ABV)?
70
Which of the following molecules is a ketone?
B
Comparing the structures of aspirin, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen, what structural units do they share?
Benzene rings
Which of the following molecules is a carboxylic acid?
C
Which of the following molecular formulas has the largest number of constitutional isomers?
C₆H₁₄
Which of the following molecules is an ester?
D
This is a schematic representation of the two different forms of polyethylene. Which of the following statements is true?
I is HDPE & it has a higher melting point than II which is LDPE
In this molecule four different functional groups are circled. Which is the carboxylic acid functional group?
III
Why is water a good solvent for cooking?
It has the ability to absorb significant amounts of heat before changing phase
The molecule below is a metabolic precursor of both testosterone and estrone. What functional group(s) are present?
Ketone
This is a representation of a plastic bag being stretched. Which statement best describes what is happening in the figure?
Molecular chains shift from a random orientation to align parallel to each other in the direction of the pulling force
Which is an amine group?
NH2
How are HDPE and LDPE different?
One has branched chains while one is linear.
Incineration of plastics can be used to generate energy. One of the "big six" plastics releases hydrochloric acid, HCl, when incinerated. Which one?
PVC
Which statement describes how curing meat works?
The meat is salted and this draws out water through osmosis
What do the "big six" polymers have in common?
They all are thermoplastics (can be melted and shaped).
What is an amphiphilic molecule?
a molecule that is attracted to both polar & nonpolar molecules
a Monomer is
a small molecule used to make a polymer chain
Which compound is the result of ethanol metabolism in the body?
acetaldehyde
What functional groups are common to both of structures below?
acid
The structure of the antiviral drug penciclovir is shown below. Which of the following functional groups is indicated by the box?
alcohol
Which functional group does this molecule contain?
alcohol
The organic compound shown here is classified as a(n) _____.
aldehyde
classify the molecule
aldehyde
Every year about 100 billion pounds of plastic are produced in the United States (over 350 pounds for every woman, man, and child). What strategies may be employed to reduce the amount of plastics going into landfills?
all of these are correct
The structure of omeprazole is shown below. Which of the following functional groups is indicated by the box?
amine
Which functional group contains a nitrogen atom?
amine
What physical property is used in distillation to separate components?
boiling point
What structural feature do the two hormones shown have in common?
both have alcohol functional groups
The "big six" polymers are all classified as thermoplastics because they
can be melted & shaped
The structure of penicillamine is shown below. Which of the following functional groups is indicated by the box?
carboxylic acid
Identify the functional groups present in ibuprofen.
carboxylic acid & benzene ring
Egg whites start out translucent and become white only after heat is added. What type of change occurs when the egg turns white?
chemical & physical
Determine the arrangements of substituents in the following molecule
cis
How do conventional ovens cook food differently than microwave ovens?
conventional ovens heat the air surrounding the food & microwave ovens do not heat the air
Which raw material serves as the source for most polymers?
crude oil
The regions of a polymer where the long polymer molecules are arranged neatly and tightly in a regular pattern is called the ________ region.
crystalline
The octet rule is applied to bonding in carbon containing compounds. In accordance with the octet rule,
each bonded carbon atom shares electrons so that it has exactly eight outer valence electrons.
Identify the type of organic compound shown
ester
The structure of cocaine is shown below. Which of the following functional groups is indicated by the box?
ester
Isopentyl acetate (shown here) is used as a flavoring agent in food. Its fragrance is that of bananas. What functional group(s) is(are) present in this compound?
ester only
What type of organic compound is CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₃?
ether
Which process is used when brewing tea?
extraction
Which process is found both in wine-making and bread-making?
fermentation
Which statement provides a description and an example of an anaerobic process?
fermentation is the metabolism of sugar by yeast in the absence of air
Which compound is the result of methanol metabolism in the body?
formaldehyde
The distinctive arrangements of atoms that impart characteristic chemical properties to the molecules that contain them are called
functional groups
What do the letters HDPE represent?
high density polyethylene
Which of these statements are correct for addition polymerization only? i. Monomer units chemically bond together ii. Product contains all the atoms of the starting material iii. There is generally just one monomer
i & ii
PET (polyethylene terephthalate) is classified as a polyester because
it contains many ester linkages
The solubility of carbon dioxide in water decreases as the temperature increases. Which temperature and pressure combination would yield the most dissolved carbon dioxide into water?
low temperature, high pressure
A polymer is a large molecule
made up of long chains of atoms covalently bonded together
Which compound can inadvertently be created through the distillation process and can be fatal if consumed?
methanol
Will synthetic polymers always have to be made from crude oil?
no, new technologies are being developed to use bio based raw materials
Which statement describes what happens when oil and water are mixed together?
oil is nonpolar & water is polar & they do not mix
Cold brew coffee takes about 12 hours to brew. The slower brewing process pulls the coffee flavor and caffeine from the coffee grounds, but most of the compounds that make drip brew coffee taste bitter and sour do not dissolve into the water. Which physical property of coffee is responsible for this difference in flavor?
solubility
Which statement describes how food is cooked using microwaves?
the food absorbs the microwaves & its molecules begin to rotate causing heat
What is an advantage of sous vide cooking?
the food is cooked at the same temperature at which it will be eaten
This pie chart gives the composition by weight of municipal solid waste (MSW) before recycling in 2008. Which of the following statements is not true?
the plastic & paper waste combined account for more than half the MSW
Ceviche is cooked using an acid. Which statement describes what happens to the protein when the acid is added?
the protein is denatured
Isomers are compounds that have
the same chemical formulas but different molecular structures and physical properties.
Chocolate's appeal is related to its smell and taste.
true
What is biodegradation?
using bacteria and fungi to "eat" the waste plastic
