CHEM 111 Final
Absolute zero
0 K -273 C
Decomposition Reactions
1 reactant produces 2 or more products 2H2O(g) --> 2H2(g) + O2(g)
standard deviation
1. solve for the mean of the values 2. subtract the mean from each of the values to get the "deviation from mean" 3. take the mean of the "deviation from mean" 4. divide number in step 3 by the number in step 1
Sig Figs
20 - 1 20.0 - 3 [1.6X10^3]/[5.7X10^-2] = 0.281X10^5 When adding or subtracting, you go to the lowest place value of all the numbers. (1.4+15+7.15+8.003=32) When multiplying or dividing, you count sig figs (3.594x0.88=3.2)
Examples of accuracy
A known amount of analyte is added to an aliquot of the sample and analyzed with the sample. Identical standards are analyzed by two different methods.
Both
Ba(ClO4)2
Covalent bond only
ClO2
Exothermic reactions...
DeltaH is negative, gives out energy, temperature decrease, forms bonds e.g. oxidation... combustion of fuel, oxidation of glucose carbohydrates
Enthalpy Diagrams
Diagrams in which the enthalpies (energies) of the reactants and products of a chemical reaction are plotted on a vertical scale to show their relative levels. Endothermic Products (^) Reactants Exothermic Reactants (^) Products
Nonpolar Covalent
F-F
Examples of precision
Five aliquots of the same sample are injected for a gas-chromatographic analysis by one person on the same day. Aliquots from a blood sample are sent to three separate laboratories for analysis using the same method
Pressure
Force per unit area.
Ionic bond
K-Br
According to the Academic Integrity statement on the CHEM 111/112, which of these statements are false?
Misconduct in research or scholarship includes fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in proposing, performing, reviewing, or reporting research. It does include honest error or honest differences in interpretations or judgments of data. An oral discussion with a classmate regarding a paper's topics and format is cheating.
Polar Covalent
N-H
Ionic Bond Only
NaCl
Steps for calculating the heat capacity of a calorimeter
Step 1: Record T(initial) of the warm and cold water Step 2: Add warm water to cool water and record T(final) Step 3: Calculate DeltaT(cool) and DeltaT(warm) Step 4: Find q(cool) and q (warm) using q=mCDeltaT Step 5: Use q(surr)= -q(sys) to find q(cal) Step 6: Find C(cal) using q(cal) and DeltaT(cool)
What is the purpose of the coffee cup in a coffee cup calorimetry experiment?
The coffee cup insulates the experiment, minimizing heat loss to the environment
True regarding TurnItIn
The documents are checked for plagiarism against documents uploaded by TAMU students The documents are checked for plagiarism against documents uploaded by non-TAMU students.
For a fixed volume of gas at a fixed temperature, what will happen if the amount (number of moles) is doubled?
The pressure exerted by the gas will double
XYZ models
X is the central atom Y is outer atoms Z is the lone pairs on the central atom
percent yield
actual yield/theoretical yield x 100
What components are typically included when citing a journal article?
author(s) volume or issue number page number(s) name of journal year of publication
Qualitative
blood pressure is high pulse is normal face is very pale
Nonpolar bonds
complete
polar molecules
complete
(P1V1)/T = (P2V2)/T2
equation
most accurate method is
graduated cylinder
temperature
how hot or cold something is
volume and density are
inversely proportional
When collecting data, what technique will give the most accurate data?
measure with the same technique every time
Single displacement reactions
metal replaces a metal cation from its salt Zn(s) + SnCl2(aq) --> ZnCL2(aq) + Sn (s)
non polar molecules
not complete or nonexistent
Does not affect the physical behavior of gas
number of atoms per gas molecules, reactivity, color
Affects the physical behavior of gases
pressure, volume, temperature, number of moles of gas
Redox reactions
reactions in which electrons are transferred between reactants Fe2O2(s) + 3CO(g) --> 2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g)
Determine the best course of action when acid or base is spilled on the skin
rinse the affected area immediately with water
Quantitative
temperature is 100.2 C Urine specific density is 1.02 g/mL blood sugar level is 150 mg/dL
volume
the amount of space a substance occupies
energy
the capacity to do work
conductivity
the greater the number of ions formed in solution, the greater the conductivity
moles, n
the number of particles in a substance
least accurate method is
to use the marked graduations on a beaker or erlenmeyer flask
Combination Reactions
two or more reactants produce one product 2H2(g) + O2(g) --> 2H2O(g)
