CHEM 111 Final

Absolute zero

0 K -273 C

Decomposition Reactions

1 reactant produces 2 or more products 2H2O(g) --> 2H2(g) + O2(g)

standard deviation

1. solve for the mean of the values 2. subtract the mean from each of the values to get the "deviation from mean" 3. take the mean of the "deviation from mean" 4. divide number in step 3 by the number in step 1

Sig Figs

20 - 1 20.0 - 3 [1.6X10^3]/[5.7X10^-2] = 0.281X10^5 When adding or subtracting, you go to the lowest place value of all the numbers. (1.4+15+7.15+8.003=32) When multiplying or dividing, you count sig figs (3.594x0.88=3.2)

Examples of accuracy

A known amount of analyte is added to an aliquot of the sample and analyzed with the sample. Identical standards are analyzed by two different methods.

Both

Ba(ClO4)2

Covalent bond only

ClO2

Exothermic reactions...

DeltaH is negative, gives out energy, temperature decrease, forms bonds e.g. oxidation... combustion of fuel, oxidation of glucose carbohydrates

Enthalpy Diagrams

Diagrams in which the enthalpies (energies) of the reactants and products of a chemical reaction are plotted on a vertical scale to show their relative levels. Endothermic Products (^) Reactants Exothermic Reactants (^) Products

Nonpolar Covalent

F-F

Examples of precision

Five aliquots of the same sample are injected for a gas-chromatographic analysis by one person on the same day. Aliquots from a blood sample are sent to three separate laboratories for analysis using the same method

Pressure

Force per unit area.

Ionic bond

K-Br

According to the Academic Integrity statement on the CHEM 111/112, which of these statements are false?

Misconduct in research or scholarship includes fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in proposing, performing, reviewing, or reporting research. It does include honest error or honest differences in interpretations or judgments of data. An oral discussion with a classmate regarding a paper's topics and format is cheating.

Polar Covalent

N-H

Ionic Bond Only

NaCl

Steps for calculating the heat capacity of a calorimeter

Step 1: Record T(initial) of the warm and cold water Step 2: Add warm water to cool water and record T(final) Step 3: Calculate DeltaT(cool) and DeltaT(warm) Step 4: Find q(cool) and q (warm) using q=mCDeltaT Step 5: Use q(surr)= -q(sys) to find q(cal) Step 6: Find C(cal) using q(cal) and DeltaT(cool)

What is the purpose of the coffee cup in a coffee cup calorimetry experiment?

The coffee cup insulates the experiment, minimizing heat loss to the environment

True regarding TurnItIn

The documents are checked for plagiarism against documents uploaded by TAMU students The documents are checked for plagiarism against documents uploaded by non-TAMU students.

For a fixed volume of gas at a fixed temperature, what will happen if the amount (number of moles) is doubled?

The pressure exerted by the gas will double

XYZ models

X is the central atom Y is outer atoms Z is the lone pairs on the central atom

percent yield

actual yield/theoretical yield x 100

What components are typically included when citing a journal article?

author(s) volume or issue number page number(s) name of journal year of publication

Qualitative

blood pressure is high pulse is normal face is very pale

Nonpolar bonds

complete

polar molecules

complete

(P1V1)/T = (P2V2)/T2

equation

most accurate method is

graduated cylinder

temperature

how hot or cold something is

volume and density are

inversely proportional

When collecting data, what technique will give the most accurate data?

measure with the same technique every time

Single displacement reactions

metal replaces a metal cation from its salt Zn(s) + SnCl2(aq) --> ZnCL2(aq) + Sn (s)

non polar molecules

not complete or nonexistent

Does not affect the physical behavior of gas

number of atoms per gas molecules, reactivity, color

Affects the physical behavior of gases

pressure, volume, temperature, number of moles of gas

Redox reactions

reactions in which electrons are transferred between reactants Fe2O2(s) + 3CO(g) --> 2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g)

Determine the best course of action when acid or base is spilled on the skin

rinse the affected area immediately with water

Quantitative

temperature is 100.2 C Urine specific density is 1.02 g/mL blood sugar level is 150 mg/dL

volume

the amount of space a substance occupies

energy

the capacity to do work

conductivity

the greater the number of ions formed in solution, the greater the conductivity

moles, n

the number of particles in a substance

least accurate method is

to use the marked graduations on a beaker or erlenmeyer flask

Combination Reactions

two or more reactants produce one product 2H2(g) + O2(g) --> 2H2O(g)