Chem 118 - Final Exam Review

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in electron transport, NADH and FADH2 are used to produce

electrons and hydrogen ions

the reactant in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is called the

substrate

how many total steps are there in the process of glycolysis

ten

As catalysts, enzymes are

significantly more effective than nonenzymatic catalysts

How many CO2 molecules are produced in one full turn of the citric acid cycle

2

How many constitutional isomers are there with the formula C5 H12?

3

the name of the following compound 2-ethyl-3-methylpentane is incorrect. Choose from the following the correct IUPAC name:

3,4-dimethylhexane

most enzymes are deactivated permanently above a temperature of about

50 *C

the complete metabolism of one molecule of stearic acid, a fatty acid with 18 atoms of carbon, would produce ______ molecules of acetyl-SCoA

9

the peptide bonds that link amino acids in a protein are

amide bonds

Muscle cramps are caused by the

Accumulation of lactic acid

Which of the following is not true?

All of the steps of a catabolic pathway are irreversible

Which of the following is TRUE of all amino acids found in proteins?

All of them are L-amino acids

Nonessential animo acids are the ones that

Are not important in forming protein

Which of the following is Butanoic acid?

Ch3(ch2)2COOH

Which of the following is the condensed structural formula of octane?

Ch3(ch2)6Ch3

the first step of the B-oxidation cycle which is a dehydrogenation requires what coenzyme

FAD

which coenzyme is reduced in the following reaction CH-CH -> C-C

FAD

The F in FAD stand for

Flavin

in step 5-8 of the citric acid cycle, the high-energy molecules ______, ______, and ______, are produced, and ______ is regenerated to begin another turn of the cycle

GTP; FAHD2; NADH/H+; oxaloacetate

The enzymes of the glycolytic pathway are located

In the cytosol

The enzymes of the citric acid cycle are in the

Matrix of the mitochondria

which molecule is not a ketone body

Methyl ethyl ketone

which coenzyme is reduced in the following reaction CH-0H -> C=O

NAD+

The N in NADH stands for

Nicotinamide

in step 3 and 4 of the citric cycle, successive ____ produce ___ as a waste product and the four-carbon carrier succinyl-SCoA

Oxidation; CO2

In a branched alkane the parent name of the compound is determined from which of the following?

The length of the longest chain of carbon atoms

Which of the following is not true concerning enzymes?

They do not distinguish between L-isomer and the D-isomer of their substrate

In a branched alkane which of the following is used to identify the position of the substituent?

You count so as to give the substituent the lowest number

in biomedical systems, the term reduction often refers to

a gain of hydrogen or electrons by a compound

in the first reaction of the citric acid cycle

acetyl CoA reacts with oxaloacetate to give citrate

Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate produced in glycolysis can be converted to

acetyl-CoA

in the citric acid cycle what is converted to what

acetyl-CoA, NAD+, FAD, and GPD to CO2, NADH, FADH2, and GTP

Each oxidation during fatty acid catabolism directly produces one molecule of ________ and a fatty acid molecule that has been shortened by ________ carbon atom(s).

acetyl-SCoA; two

Glycine is the only naturally occurring amino acid that is

achiral

The components of ATP are

adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups

what coenzyme(s) is(are) necessary for the function of the citric cycle

all of the above (FAD, NAD+, CoQ)

the peptide bond joining amino acids into proteins is a specific example of the ________

amide

a basic amino acid has a side chain that contains

an amino group

the reaction by which complex molecules are broken down into simpler ones for the body's use are

catabolic reactions

the general function of an enzyme in the body is to

catalyze chemical reactions

The catabolism of lipids proteins and carbohydrates all converge to which of the following pathways?

citric acid cycle

the compound formed when fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate is split are

dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Heavy metals denature proteins by

disrupting disulfide bonds

the formation of acetyl coenzyme A is an example of a(an) ____ reaction

esterification

the tertiary structure of most enzymes is

globular

which of the following conversions is accomplished by the process of glycolysis

glucose to pyruvate

which of the following is accomplished during glycolysis

glucose to pyruvate

which of the following metabolic pathway can occur in the absence of oxygen

glycolysis

in reaction 7 of the citric acid cycle, fumarate is converted to malate in a ______ reaction

hydration

the attractive forces that are important in the secondary structure of a protein are

hydrogen bonds

to what main class of enzymes does the enzyme that catalyzes the following reaction the following reaction belong ser-ala -> ser + ala

hydrolase

the reaction in which ATP is converted to ADP with release about 7.3 kcal is a(an) _______ reaction

hydrolysis

the conversion of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate in the second step of glycolysis is a(an) _____ reaction

isomerization

the citric acid cycle reaction that removes the first CO2 molecule is a

oxidation and decarboxylation

in electron transport, the synthesis of ATP from ADP + Pi is called

oxidative phosphorylation

in the first step of the citric acid cycle, acetyl-SCoA reacts with ____ to produce _____, which is isomerized to _____ in the second step

oxoloacetate, citrate, isocitrate

in the peptide Ala-Try-Gly-Phe, the carbon residue-terminal amino acid is

phenylalanine

in the ionized form of an amino acid, the amino end is

positively charged

Under anaerobic conditions, lactate is produced from

pyruvate

the products of glycolysis important in metabolism are

pyruvate, ATP, and NADH

anabolic reactions are reactions that

require energy

The common catabolic pathway consists of

the citric acid cycle plus electron transport/oxidative phosphorylation

Overall, one turn of the citric acid cycle produces

three NADH molecules

the first step in amino acid catabolism is

transamination


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