Chem 118 - Final Exam Review
in electron transport, NADH and FADH2 are used to produce
electrons and hydrogen ions
the reactant in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is called the
substrate
how many total steps are there in the process of glycolysis
ten
As catalysts, enzymes are
significantly more effective than nonenzymatic catalysts
How many CO2 molecules are produced in one full turn of the citric acid cycle
2
How many constitutional isomers are there with the formula C5 H12?
3
the name of the following compound 2-ethyl-3-methylpentane is incorrect. Choose from the following the correct IUPAC name:
3,4-dimethylhexane
most enzymes are deactivated permanently above a temperature of about
50 *C
the complete metabolism of one molecule of stearic acid, a fatty acid with 18 atoms of carbon, would produce ______ molecules of acetyl-SCoA
9
the peptide bonds that link amino acids in a protein are
amide bonds
Muscle cramps are caused by the
Accumulation of lactic acid
Which of the following is not true?
All of the steps of a catabolic pathway are irreversible
Which of the following is TRUE of all amino acids found in proteins?
All of them are L-amino acids
Nonessential animo acids are the ones that
Are not important in forming protein
Which of the following is Butanoic acid?
Ch3(ch2)2COOH
Which of the following is the condensed structural formula of octane?
Ch3(ch2)6Ch3
the first step of the B-oxidation cycle which is a dehydrogenation requires what coenzyme
FAD
which coenzyme is reduced in the following reaction CH-CH -> C-C
FAD
The F in FAD stand for
Flavin
in step 5-8 of the citric acid cycle, the high-energy molecules ______, ______, and ______, are produced, and ______ is regenerated to begin another turn of the cycle
GTP; FAHD2; NADH/H+; oxaloacetate
The enzymes of the glycolytic pathway are located
In the cytosol
The enzymes of the citric acid cycle are in the
Matrix of the mitochondria
which molecule is not a ketone body
Methyl ethyl ketone
which coenzyme is reduced in the following reaction CH-0H -> C=O
NAD+
The N in NADH stands for
Nicotinamide
in step 3 and 4 of the citric cycle, successive ____ produce ___ as a waste product and the four-carbon carrier succinyl-SCoA
Oxidation; CO2
In a branched alkane the parent name of the compound is determined from which of the following?
The length of the longest chain of carbon atoms
Which of the following is not true concerning enzymes?
They do not distinguish between L-isomer and the D-isomer of their substrate
In a branched alkane which of the following is used to identify the position of the substituent?
You count so as to give the substituent the lowest number
in biomedical systems, the term reduction often refers to
a gain of hydrogen or electrons by a compound
in the first reaction of the citric acid cycle
acetyl CoA reacts with oxaloacetate to give citrate
Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate produced in glycolysis can be converted to
acetyl-CoA
in the citric acid cycle what is converted to what
acetyl-CoA, NAD+, FAD, and GPD to CO2, NADH, FADH2, and GTP
Each oxidation during fatty acid catabolism directly produces one molecule of ________ and a fatty acid molecule that has been shortened by ________ carbon atom(s).
acetyl-SCoA; two
Glycine is the only naturally occurring amino acid that is
achiral
The components of ATP are
adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups
what coenzyme(s) is(are) necessary for the function of the citric cycle
all of the above (FAD, NAD+, CoQ)
the peptide bond joining amino acids into proteins is a specific example of the ________
amide
a basic amino acid has a side chain that contains
an amino group
the reaction by which complex molecules are broken down into simpler ones for the body's use are
catabolic reactions
the general function of an enzyme in the body is to
catalyze chemical reactions
The catabolism of lipids proteins and carbohydrates all converge to which of the following pathways?
citric acid cycle
the compound formed when fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate is split are
dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
Heavy metals denature proteins by
disrupting disulfide bonds
the formation of acetyl coenzyme A is an example of a(an) ____ reaction
esterification
the tertiary structure of most enzymes is
globular
which of the following conversions is accomplished by the process of glycolysis
glucose to pyruvate
which of the following is accomplished during glycolysis
glucose to pyruvate
which of the following metabolic pathway can occur in the absence of oxygen
glycolysis
in reaction 7 of the citric acid cycle, fumarate is converted to malate in a ______ reaction
hydration
the attractive forces that are important in the secondary structure of a protein are
hydrogen bonds
to what main class of enzymes does the enzyme that catalyzes the following reaction the following reaction belong ser-ala -> ser + ala
hydrolase
the reaction in which ATP is converted to ADP with release about 7.3 kcal is a(an) _______ reaction
hydrolysis
the conversion of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate in the second step of glycolysis is a(an) _____ reaction
isomerization
the citric acid cycle reaction that removes the first CO2 molecule is a
oxidation and decarboxylation
in electron transport, the synthesis of ATP from ADP + Pi is called
oxidative phosphorylation
in the first step of the citric acid cycle, acetyl-SCoA reacts with ____ to produce _____, which is isomerized to _____ in the second step
oxoloacetate, citrate, isocitrate
in the peptide Ala-Try-Gly-Phe, the carbon residue-terminal amino acid is
phenylalanine
in the ionized form of an amino acid, the amino end is
positively charged
Under anaerobic conditions, lactate is produced from
pyruvate
the products of glycolysis important in metabolism are
pyruvate, ATP, and NADH
anabolic reactions are reactions that
require energy
The common catabolic pathway consists of
the citric acid cycle plus electron transport/oxidative phosphorylation
Overall, one turn of the citric acid cycle produces
three NADH molecules
the first step in amino acid catabolism is
transamination
