CHEM-1302 _Test 1

Ace your homework & exams now with Quizwiz!

triple point on phase diagram

3 phases exist in equilibrium

Which molecule will engage in the strongest dispersion forces? CF4 CCl4 CBr4 CI4

CI4

What forces constitute various intermolecular forces that exist between different molecules? -adhesive forces -combinatory forces -cohesive forces

adhesive forces

Dispersion forces are a type of: -intermolecular force -van der Waals force -electrostatic interaction -all of the above

all above

unsaturated solution

any solution that can dissolve more solute at a given temperature

The ________ of a liquid is the temperature at which its equilibrium vapor pressure is equal to the pressure exerted on the liquid by its gaseous surroundings. Select the correct answer below: equlibrium point boiling point freezing point melting point

boiling point

Intermolecular forces occur between particles in a substance. These particles can be: -atoms -separate molecules -both atoms and separate molecules

both atoms and separate molecules

The strength of lattice energy (bond) in salts depends on what?

charge and radius of ions

While a substance is undergoing a change in state, its temperature remains

constant

supersaturated solution

contains more than the maximum amount of solute

Which of the following is NOT weaker than a hydrogen bond? -covalent bond -dipole-dipole attraction -dispersion force

covalent bond

As temperature increases, viscosity will

decrease

In gases, usually as we increase the temperature of solvent, solubility of gas will ______-

decrease

When salt is added to water, freezing point of it __

decreases

The transition of a gas directly into the solid phase, bypassing the liquid phase, is ________. Select the correct answer below: sublimation deposition condensation melting

deposition

SO2 Intermolecular force?

dipole-dipole

breaking solute-solute attractions

endothermic

Formation of solutions where the process is endothermic or exothermic ?

exothermic

adhesive forces

forces between two different molecules

intermolecular forces

forces of attraction between molecules

Deposition

gas to solid (exothermic)

Polar molecules have attractive dipole-dipole interactions when the dipoles are arranged in which of the following geometries? Select all that apply. -head-to-tail: →→ -head-to-head: →← -side-to-side, antiparallel: ↑↓ side-to-side, parallel: ↑↑

head-to-tail and side-to-side, antiparallel

A liquid with a high resistance to flow has a _________. low melting point low viscosity high viscosity high vapor pressure

high viscosity

For solids: higher temperature results in _________ solubility

higher

The lower IMF, the _______________ vapor pressure

higher

Hydrogen bonding results in: -higher boiling points -lower boiling points -no change in boiling point

higher boiling points

When forming solution between water and molecule, water molecules surround separate molecules of solute creating _________ around each solute molecule.

hydration shell

Whst ever H bond to O,N and F is it a __________bond

hydrogen

Water exhibit high surface tension due to _____________ between molecules

hydrogen bonds

As molecule changes from one stater solid-liquid-gas, became less condensed, entropy decreases or increases? as temperature increases

increases

When salt is added to water, boiling point of it ___________

increases

Increasing the pressure of a gas

increases its solubility in a liquid

Dipole-dipole attractions increase in magnitude with: -increasing molecular mass -decreasing molecular mass -increasing bond polarity

increasing bond polarity

Dispersion forces increase with: -increasing molecular mass -decreasing molecular mass -increasing intermolecular distance

increasing mass

A gas can be liquefied by...

increasing the pressure

Dipole-dipole attractions are: -the weakest intermolecular force -the strongest intermolecular force -intermediate strength

intermediate strength

What forces are breaking in water to make solution? water breaks into molecules not atoms

intermolecular

When breaking solute - solute attraction in molecules, what forces will need to break in order to dissolve

intermolecular

When breaking solute - solute attraction in salts, what forces will need to break in order to form ions

intramolecular

How do intermolecular forces compare with intramolecular forces in terms of strength? -intramolecular forces stronger -intermolecular forces stronger -these are typically equivalent

intramolecular forces stronger

What IMF are formed in water+salt solution?

ion-dipole

Dissociation

ionic compounds separate into ions in solution

The phase of a substance depends on the relative magnitudes of the molecular _________________ and the energy of intermolecular attractions. -mass -volume -kinetic energy

kinetic energy

For gases: higher temperature results in ___________ solubility

lower

Entrapy

measure of disorder

_______ is the change of a substance from the solid state to the liquid state. Select the correct answer below: Melting Freezing Vaporization Condensation

melting

In solid, usually the higher the temperature of solvent, the ________ will dissolve

more

London dispersion forces, forces between

non-polar or neural molecules

Sugar dissolves in water because energy is given ___

off

Critical point on phase diagram

particles are moving too fast to be liquid but are too close to be gas

The type and magnitude of intermolecular forces that are present in a substance will determine that substances: -physical properties -chemical properties -both

physical

Dipole-dipole attractions occur between ______ molecules.

polar

What types of particles can participate in dipole-dipole interactions? -polar molecules -nonpolar molecules -ions

polar

Solute compounds dissolved in water can be either ____ molecular or _______ solids

polar, ionic

Most gases that are appreciably soluble in water are either ______ molecular compounds or ____ molecular compounds

polar, non-polar

Energy required to overcome the IMF is molecular solute depends on the level of

polarization

When forming solution between water and salt, water molecules surround ions in what dirrection?

positive side attaches to negative ion, while negative side to cation

colligative properties

properties that depend on the concentration of solute particles but not on their identity

Sublimation

solid to gas (endothermic)

Which phase exhibits the strongest intermolecular forces? -solids -liquids -gas

solids

The longer the hydrochain CH3, the lower is _______

solubility

Solvation

solute particles are surrounded by molecules of solvent

Hydrated

solute surrounded by water molecule

The bigger surface area , the_______ IMF will occur

stronger

Hydrogen bonding is: -the weakest intermolecular force -the strongest intermolecular force -an intermolecular force of intermediate strength

strongest

Soluability

the ability of one substance to dissolve in another

cohesive forces

the attraction between molecules in a liquid

capillary action

the attraction of the surface of a liquid to the surface of a solid

amorphous solids

the particles are not arranged in a regular pattern

Hydrogen bonding is responsible for: -the unexpectedly high boiling points for hydrides in period two -the increasing boiling points for hydrides going down a group -the low boiling points of nonpolar molecules

the unexpectedly high boiling points

Dispersion forces are: -the weakest intermolecular force -the strongest intermolecular force -an intermolecular force of intermediate strength

the weakest

The molecules are attracted equally in all directions by cohesive forces when: -they are at the surface of a liquid -they are within a liquid -they are above the liquid

they are within a liquid

Enthalpy

total energy of a system

Dispersion forces are specifically the interaction between: -two formal dipoles -an instantaneous dipole and a formal dipole -two temporary dipoles

two temporary dipoles

Intermolecular forces that occur between neutral atoms and molecules are called: -ionic bonds -covalent bonds -dispersion forces -van der Waals forces

van der Waals

types of colligative properties

vapor pressure lowering, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, osmotic pressure

dynamic equilibrium

vaporization and condensation has equal rate

Water has all IMF forces yes/no

yes

Endothermic

Absorbs heat

Which intermolecular force is present in all condensed phases?

Dispersion forces

Condensation

Gas to liquid

What IMF are formed in water+covalent compound (molecule) solution? sugar

H bond

What holds NH3 ammonia molecules together?

H bond

Which of the following will participate in dipole-dipole interactions? C2H6 CO2 H2O

H2O

Which of the following will have the highest boiling point? CH2O CH3F H2O2

H2O2

Which species is least polarizable? Select the correct answer below: He Ne Ar Kr

He

What are cohesive forces? Select the correct answer below: Intermolecular forces between identical molecules of a substance Intermolecular forces of attraction between two different molecules Covalent bonds holding an individual molecule together Repulsive interactions that keep molecules apart

Intermolecular forces between identical molecules of a substance

Why does water have such a high surface tension? It has strong hydrogen bonding intermolecular forces holding it together. It has strong covalent bonds. It has strong adhesive forces between its molecules and a glass surface. It has strong cohesive forces between its molecules and a glass surface.

It has strong hydrogen bonding

CO2 Intermolecular force?

LDF

Dry ice CO2 IMF?

LDF

Nonpolar molecules always have ______IMF LDF dipole-dipole H-bond

LDF

Vaporization

Liquid to gas

Which of the following has dipole-dipole attractions? CO2 F2 FeCl2 PCl3

PCl3

What types of molecules will display hydrogen bonding? -All nonpolar molecules. -All polar molecules. -Nonpolar molecules containing fluorine or hydrogen. -Polar molecules containing a hydrogen directly bonded to an electronegative atom (nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine).

Polar molecules containing a hydrogen directly bonded to an electronegative atom (nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine).

Exothermic

Releases heat

What is the change from the liquid phase to the gas phase called? Select the correct answer below: Vaporization Condensation Freezing Melting

Vaporization

saturated solution

a solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute

supercritical fluid

a state of matter beyond the critical point that is neither liquid nor gas

induced dipole

a temporary dipole which is created by another dipole


Related study sets

Chapter 36: Managements with Patients Immune Deficiency Disorders

View Set

Biology 1409: Chapter 19 Smartwork Homework

View Set

Chapter 11: variety, emphasis, harmony, and unity

View Set