chem chapter 1

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which quantity identifies an element?

atomic number

what is the total charge of nucleus of a nitrogen atom?

+7

an electron has a charge of

-1 and a smaller mass than a proton

atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons are classified as

isotopes

subatomic particles can usually pass undeflected through an atom because the volume of an atom is composed of

largely empty space

the modern model of the atom is based on the work of

many scientist over a long period of time

the atomic mass of an element is calculated using the

masses and the ratios of its naturally occurring isotopes

compared to an electron in the first electron shel of an atom, an electron in the third shell of the same atom has

more energy

which subatomic particle has no charge

neutron

an atom of potassium-37 and an atom of potassium-42 differ in their total number of

neutrons

an atom is electrically neutral because the

number of protons equals the number of electrons

the gold foil experiment lead to the conclusion that each atom in the foil was composed mostly of empty space because most alpha particles directed at the foil

passed through the foil

which two particles have a mass approximately equal to one atomic mass unit?

proton and neutron

which two particles make up most of the mass of a hydrogen-2 atom?

proton and neutron

which particles are found in the nucleus of an atom

protons and neutrons

which subatomic particles are located in the nucleus of a neon atom

protons and neutrons

which subatomic particles are located in the nucleus of a neon atom?

protons and neutrons

all atoms of a given element must contain the same number of

protons plus neutrons

the atomic number of an atom is always equal to the number of its

protons, only

according to the electron-cloud model of the atom, an orbital is a

region of the most probable electron location

the light emitted from a flame is produced when electrons in the excited state

release energy as they move to lower energy states

the bright-line spectrum of sodium is produced when energy is

released as electrons move from higher to lower electron shells

what is the charge on a neutron?

0

what is the net charge of an ion that has 8 protons, 9 neutrons, and 10 electrons?

1+

what is the net charge of an atom with 9 protons, 11 neutrons, and 10 electrons?

1-

which electron configuration represents an atom in an excited state?

2-6-2

a 100.00-gram sample of naturally occurring boron contains 19.78 grams of boron-10 (atomic mass=10.01 atomic mass units) and 80.22 grams of boron-11 (atomic mass=11.01 atomic mass units). Which of the following numerical setups can be used to determine the atomic mass of natural occurring boron?

(0.1978)(10.01)+(0.8022)(11.01)

what is the total charge of the nucleus of a carbon atom?

+6

what is the total number of neutrons in an atom of O-18?

10

what is the total number of neutrons in an atom of an element that has a mass number of 19 and an atomic number of 9?

10

the mass of 12 protons is approximately equal to

12 atomic mass units

what is the mass number of an atom that has six protons, six electrons, and eight neutrons?

14

what is the total number of electrons in an atom of potassium?

19

the total mass of the protons in an atom of gold-198 is approximately

79 atomic mass units

in the wave-mechanical model, an orbital is a region of space in an atom where there is

a high probability of finding an electron

which statement best explains why most atomic masses on the periodic table are decimal numbers?

atomic masses are a weighted average of the naturally occurring isotopes

which of the following phrases describes an atom?

a negatively charged electron cloud surrounding a positively charged nucleus

which statement matches a subatomic particle with its charge?

a neutron has no charge

what was concluded about the structure of the atom as true result of the gold foil experiment?

a positively charged nucleus is surrounded mostly by empty space

the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom can be determined by

adding the atomic number to the mass number

which element has an atom in the ground state with a total of three valence electrons?

aluminum

a proton has a charge that is opposite the charge of

an electron

which of the following two particles have opposite charges

an electron and a proton

which statement is true about the charges assigned to an electron and a proton?

an electron is negative and a proton is positive

an atom of any element must contain

an equal number of protons and electrons

the region that is the most probable location of a electron in an atom is

an orbital

according to the wave mechanical model of the atom, electrons in an atom

are located in orbitals outside the nucleus

which value of an element is calculated using both the mass and the relative abundance of each of the naturally accruing isotopes?

atomic mass

all the isotopes of a given atom have

different mass numbers but the same atomic number

in the late 1800s, experiments using the cathode ray (thompson) tubes led to the discovery of the

electron

in a calcium atom in the ground state, the electrons that possess the least amount of energy are located in the

first electron shell

the modern model of the atom shows that electrons are

found in regions called orbitals

which statement describes how an atom in the ground state becomes excited?

the atom absorbs energy, and one or more electrons move to a higher electron shell

which statement compares the masses of two subatomic particles?

the mas of a proton is great than the mass of an electron

which statement correctly describes the charge of the nucleus and the charge of the electron cloud of an atom?

the nucleus is positive and the electron cloud is negative

which statement best describes electrons?

they are negative subatomic particles and are found surrounding the nucleus

the atomic mass of titanium is 47.88 atomic mass units. This atomic mass represents the

weighted average mass of all the naturally occurring isotopes of Ti


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