chem final exam
Which of the following measurements represents the least mass? a) 0.1 mg b) 1000 μg c) 0.001 g d) 1 cg e) 0.010 kg
0.1 mg
How many moles are there in one ounce (28.4 g) of pure gold? a) 1.59 × 105 mol b) 6.94 mol c) 0.0721 mol d) 0.144 mol e) 5.08 × 10-3 mol
0.144 mol
Polocaine® is a local anesthetic administered by injection. A 50-mL, multidose vial is available containing 100 mg of mepivacaine hydrochloride. What is the percent (m/v) concentration of the solution? a) 0% b) 0.2% c) 20% d) 50% e) 5,000%
0.2%
How many carbon(C) atoms are present in 30 moles of carbon?
1.80 x 1025 C atoms
6.Based on the equilibrium constant of water, if the hydronium ion concentration of an aqueous solution at 25°C is 5 × 10-7 M, what is the hydroxide ion concentration? A) 2 × 10-10 B) 2 × 10-9 C) 2 × 10-8 D) 2 × 107 E) 2 × 1019
2 × 10-8
Which of the following pairs of compounds represent constitutional isomers? A) 2-methylpropane and Pentane B) 2,2-dimethylbutane and 3-methylpentane C) 2,2-dimethylpropane and 2-methylpentane D) 2-methylbutane and 2-methylpropane E) 2-methylheptane and 3-methyl-5-heptene
2,2-dimethylbutane and 3-methylpentane
What is the concentration in parts per million of an 8 L solution containing 0.017 g of potassium iodide? A) 2.1 ppm B) 3.1 ppm C) 1.1 ppm D) 5.8 ppm E) 1.9 ppm
2.1 ppm
The concentration of barium ion in blood is found to be 1.21 mmol/L. What is this concentration in mEq/L? A) 0.605 mEq/L B) 1.21 mEq/L C) 2.42 mEq/L D) 4.84 mEq/L E) 6.42 mEq/L
2.42 mEq/L
What is the %(w/v) of a 1500mL solution containing 45 g of NaCl? a) 30.0% b) 5.0% c) 3.0% d) 2.0% e) 0.030%
3.0%
The pKa of aspirin is 3.5. What is the Ka of aspirin? A) 3.5 B) 1000 C) 0.54 D) 3.2 ´ 10-4 E) 3.2 ´ 103
3.2 x 10-4
What is the mass in grams of 3 moles of calcium carbonate, CaCO3, a common antacid? a) 300 grams b) 150 grams c) 100 grams d) 68 grams e) 75 grams
300 grams
29.Which of the following explanations is a testable hypothesis? a) A sugar crystal is forming faster because it is grown in cold environment. b) A plant is dying because of the direction of spinning of the earth. c) A bird lays more eggs because of the intensity of thunderstorms. d) A burp increases the weight of a baby. e) All of the above are testable hypothesis.
A sugar crystal is forming faster because it is grown in cold environment.
Consider the reversible reaction: A(g) 2B(g) At equilibrium, the concentration of A is 0.381 M and that of B is 0.154 M. What is the value of the equilibrium constant, Keq? A) 0.0622 B) 0.404 C) 1.06 D) 2.47 E) 16.1
A) 0.0622
.______ is the sharing of electrons between two atoms and is much stronger than intermolecular forces. a) ionic bonding b) covalent bonding c) dispersion forces d) dipole-dipole forces e) hydrogen bonding forces
Covalent bonding
Hydrocarbon Chains
Usually 10-20 carbons in length even number of carbons
Which one of the following is an example of a pure substance? a) air b) salt and pepper c) milk d) sand e) water
Water
How many molecules of aspirin (C9H8O4) are present in 41.40 g of aspirin? a) 0.2300 aspirin molecules b) 2.700 x 1026 aspirin molecules c) 9.600 x 1023 aspirin molecules d) 1.383 x 1023 aspirin molecules e) 3.82 x 10-25 aspirin molecules
d) 1.383 x 1023 aspirin molecules
8.375 x 103 g is the same as ___. a) 8375 mg b) 8.375 mg c) 0.008375 mg d) 8.375 x 106 mg e) 0.000008375 µg
d) 8.375 x 106 mg
Which of the following correctly matches the ion with the total number of electrons in the ion? a) Br -, 35 electrons b) Zn3+, 33 electrons c) N3-, 4 electrons d) Ca2+, 18 electrons e) H+, 2 electrons
d) Ca2+, 18 electrons
What is the molar mass of isopentyl acetate, C7H14O2, a compound responsible for the odor of bananas? a) 130.19 g/mole b) 98.32 g/mole c) 146.58 g/mole d) 119.35 g/mole e) 13.19 g/mole
130.19 g/mol
You drive your car from Salt Lake City up into the mountains to go skiing. It is a nice day in Salt Lake, with a temperature of 16°C and an atmospheric pressure of 0.85 atm. Up in the mountains, it is freezing at -1.0°C and an atmospheric pressure of 0.70 atm. If the volume of air in your tires is 12 L when you leave the city, what is it in the mountains?
14 L
. Sulfur has ___ electrons and ___ valence electrons.
16, 6
.Balance the following equation and then calculate the mass in grams of oxygen needed to react with 1.000 mol of C3H8 to form carbon dioxide and water. _____ C3H8(g) + _____ O2(g) → _____ CO2(g) + _____ H2O(l) (unbalanced)
160.0 g
What are the main kinds of lipids
fatty acids, waxes, glycerides, nonglyceride lipids, steroids, eicosanoids
Which of the following elements is the most electronegative? a) fluorine b) bromine c) chlorine d) iodine e) boron
flourine
Phosphote ions act as acids ..what alcohol groups do they react with
glycerol, sphingosine, additional alcohol
amphipathic
have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties they contain a nitrogen that has an amino acid, choline, and ethanolamine
.Which of the following reactions is used to convert alkenes to alkanes? A) hydrohalogenation B) hydration C) substitution D) hydrocarbonation E) hydrogenation
hydrogenation
What is another name for a protonated water molecule? A) hydrogen hydrate ion B) hydroxide ion C) water hydride ion D) protonated water ion E) hydronium ion
hydronium ion
organic compound
hydroxyl group attached to an alkyl group
Choose the appropriate pair of atoms that contain the same number of neutrons.
18/8 O and 19/9 F
. Certain automobile tires are to be inflated to a pressure of 35.0 psi. What is this pressure in torr? (14.7 psi = 760 torr)
1810 torr
When properly balanced with whole number coefficients, what is the coefficient on H2O? ____HCl + ____Ba(OH)2 ___BaCl2 + ___H2O
2
According to Boyle's law (PV = constant), when the pressure of a gas doubles (at constant temperature), its volume will ___. a) double b) quadruple c) remain the same d) reduced to 1/2 e) too little information is given to determine the effect on volume.
reduced to 1/2
membrane formation
result of amphipatic nature of lipids the proteins carry out their functions that are in the membrane
Waxes
serve a protective function , they keep water in or out and they store energy in microorganisms
.What term describes a solution in which the solute concentration exceeds its equilibrium concentration under the prevailing conditions? A) hypotonic B) hypertonic C) isotonic D) supersaturated E) saturated
supersaturated
omega-3 fatty acids
the first double bond is on carbon 3
The atomic number is
the number of protons in an atom.
If red blood cells were to be stored in a hypertonic solution in the blood bank, then A) there would be no problems as this matches the red blood cell's composition. B) the cells would tend to explode due to the movement of water into the cells. C) the water would flow out of the cells resulting in shrinkage and wrinkling. D) there would be too much water present to store red blood cells effectively. E) the cells would be ready to be given to a patient that needs blood
the water would flow out of the cells resulting in shrinkage and wrinkling.
what is the purpose of triglycerides
they provide energy, stored in adipose tissue
The proper name of the compound N2O3 is dinitrogen trioxide
true
Which is of the following is not a true solution? a) carbonated beverages b) air c) water d) sodium chloride and potassium chloride dissolved in water e) bronze
water
Sulfides
contain C-S-C linkage
Thiols
contain an SH that is attached to alkane type carbon
.What is the charge on iron in the ionic compound FeCl3? a) +3 b) +1 c) 0 d) -1 e) -3
+3
phosphoglycerides contain
- Glycerol - Fatty acid(s) - Phosphoric acid with an amino alcohol
Vegetable Oils
- High percentage of unsaturated fatty acids - Have melting point below room temp - Liquid
fats
- contain more saturated fatty acids, have melting points that are above room temp. - contain more saturated fatty acids - solid
phosphoglycerides
- highly hydrophobic they are used in - cell membranes - emulsifying - micelle - forming agents in the blood
pH
- log
pKa
-log (Ka)
Which of the following numbers has only one significant figure? a) 3.0 × 101 b) 0.003 c) 3.00 d) 30.0 e) All of the choices are correct
0.003
A gas cylinder at a pressure of 4408 torr contains a mixture of N2, O2, and helium gases. If the partial pressure of N2 gas is 1520 torr and the partial pressure of helium is 25 torr, what is the partial pressure of O2?
2863 torr
What volume of 2.00 % NaCl must be diluted to make 10.00 mL of 0.90% NaCl, also known as normal saline solution? a) 0.18 mL b) 9.0 mL c) 22.2 mL d) 8.4 mL e) 4.5 mL
4.5
A 0.45 mole of krypton gas occupies a volume of 1.6 L. What volume will 1.8 moles of krypton occupy assuming the temperature and pressure remain the same?
6.4 L
Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2), as "Milk of Magnesia" can be used to neutralize excess stomach acid, represented by HCl(aq) in the balanced equation below: Mg(OH)2(s) + 2HCl(aq) à MgCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l) When 12.0 g of Mg(OH)2 are combined with an excess of HCl, what mass of H2O can be produced? [Use molar masses: H, 1.01 g/mol; O, 16.00 g/mol; Mg, 24.31 g/mol; Cl, 35.45 g/mol]
7.41 g
How many bonding electrons (i.e. electrons that are in a bond, as opposed to electrons in a lone pair) are in the Lewis structure for the carbonate ion, C03 2- ? a) 8 b) 10 c) 16 d) 18 e) 24
8
Nitrogen can have an anion, N3- . This ion a) is the result of the atom gaining three electrons. b) can form three ionic bonds. c) has eight electrons in the outside orbit. d) All of the above choices are correct. e) None of the above are correct.
All of the above choices are correct.
Characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices provided. (1) In the molecule CO2 both a single bond and a double bond are present. (2) A linear symmetrical triatomic (3-atom) molecule will always be nonpolar. (3) Both tetrahedral and trigonal pyramidal molecules have four VSEPR electron groups about the central atom. a) All three statements are true. b) Two of the three statements are true. c) Only one of the statements is true. d) None of the statements is true.
B
Gases are a) more soluble at high temperatures and high pressure of the gas above the solution. b) more soluble at low temperatures and high pressure of the gas above the solution. c) more soluble at low temperatures and low pressure of the gas above the solution. d) more soluble at high temperatures and low pressure of the gas above the solution. e) not affected by the temperature and pressure when it comes to their solubility.
B more soluble at low temperatures and high pressure of the gas above the solution.
What is the pH of a solution that has [H3O+] = 6.0 × 10-3 M? A) 1.7 × 10-12 B) 2.22 C) 3.60 D) 5.12 E) 11.78
B) 2.22
.Which of the following statements about acids is NOT true? A) An example of an acid is HBr. B) An acid increases the concentration of hydroxide in solution. C) An acid increases the concentration of protons in solution. D) An acid increases the concentration of hydronium in solution. E) An acid is a proton donor.
B) An acid increases the concentration of hydroxide in solution.
Rank butane (CH3CH2CH2CH3), butanoic acid (CH3CH2CH2COOH), and pentane (CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3) in order of increasing boiling point. (From lowest to highest.) A) butane < butanoic acid < pentane B) butane < pentane < butanoic acid C) butanoic acid < pentane < butane D) pentane < butanoic acid < butane E) pentane < butane < butanoic acid
B) butane < pentane < butanoic acid
For the reaction C5H5N(aq) + H2O(l) >>C5H5NH+(aq) + OH- (aq), which of the following is a conjugate acid-base pair? A) C5H5N, H2O B) H2O, OHC) C5H5N, C5H5NH+ D) C5H5NH+, OH E) Both B and C
Both B and C
The average atomic weight of zirconium is Isotope Natural abundance 90Zr 52% 91Zr 11% 92Zr 17% 94Zr 17% 96Zr 3% a) less than 90 because the atomic weight only depends on the number of protons in the atom. b) 90 because 90Zn has the highest natural abundance. c) greater than 90 but less than 96 because the atomic weight takes into account the abundance of all naturally occurring isotopes. d) 96 because the atomic weight is the mass of the highest naturally occurring isotope. e) greater than 96 because the atomic weight is the sum of masses of the naturally occurring isotopes.
C
Convert 0.015 M Ca2+ to equivalents of Ca2+. A) 0.015 equivalents B) 7.5 ´ 10-4 equivalents C) 0.030 equivalents D) 15 equivalents E) 0.75 equivalents
C) 0.030 equivalents
The reaction shown is at equilibrium. Use Le Chatelier's principle to predict the effect of adding ammonia (NH3) gas to the equilibrium reaction mixture. N2(g) + 3H2(g) >>>>2NH3(g) A) The equilibrium position will remain unchanged. B) The equilibrium position will shift to the right. C) The equilibrium position will shift to the left. D) The equilibrium constant will increase. E) All of the nitrogen gas will be used up.
C) The equilibrium position will shift to the left.
Esters
C-O-C linkage
Disulfides
C-S-S-C linkage H
Choose the best classification of the reaction represented by the following equation: MgO(s) + CO2(g) à MgCO3(s) a) single-replacement b) double-replacement c) combination d) decomposition e) precipitation
Combustion
Contain a carbonyl group
C= O
The reaction between acetic acid and water is given below, followed by a list of changes that could be made to the reaction solution. Which of these changes will result in the equilibrium shifting to the left? CH3COOH + H2O >>>CH3COO- + H3O+ Changes that could be made to the solution I. adding more CH3COOH II. removing H2O III. removing H3O+ IV. adding more CH3COOA) Only I will result in the equilibrium shifting to the left. B) Only IV will result in the equilibrium shifting to the left. C) I and III will result in the equilibrium shifting to the left. D) II and IV will result in the equilibrium shifting to the left. E) All of these changes will result in the equilibrium shifting to the left
D) II and IV will result in the equilibrium shifting to the left.
When a person hyperventilates, they breathe very quickly, exhaling CO2 more quickly than it can be produced. This reduces the concentration of CO2 in the blood. According to the chemical equation below and LeChatelier's principle, how is the bicarbonate equilibrium affected by the reduction of CO2 in the blood? CO2 + H2O >>> H2CO3 + H2O >> HCO3 - + H3O+ A) The equilibrium is unchanged. B) More H3O+ is produced. C) The equilibrium is shifted to the right. D) The H3O+ concentration decreases. E) More HCO3 - is produced.
D) The H3O+ concentration decreases.
active transport
Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference. this is a low to hight concentration.
carboxylic acids react with alcohols to form
Esters and water
What cannot hydrogen bond and have lower boiling points than alcohols
Ethers
What ion is in its preferred ionic state? a) O2+ b) F- c) P3+ d) Cl2- e) Na2+
F-
Hydrochloric acid and the chloride ion form the main buffer system found in blood.
False
Liquids have a variable shape and are highly compressible
False
Strong acids are proton acceptors that completely dissociated in water.
False
The correct name of CaCO3, a common calcium supplement and antacid, is calcium carbon trioxide.
False
The higher the pH, the more acidic a solution.
False
The subscripts of a chemical formula can be changed to balance a chemical equation.
False
When ∆G for a reaction is +286 kcal, the reaction is spontaneous.
False
Which one of the following pairs is a conjugate acid-base pair? A) H2O, O B) H3O+, NaOH C) H2CO3, CO3 2- D) HCl, Cl2 E) H2CO3, HCO3 -
H2CO3, HCO3 -
Why do saturated fatty acids melt at a higher temp than an unsaturated fatty acid ( with the same number of carbons)
Hydrocarbon tails in saturated fatty acids can pack together
Reations of triglycerides
Hydrogenation - partially hydrogenated vegetable oil oxidation - spoilage Hydrolysis - in the presence of making a strong base
The conversion of procaine to PABA and diethyl amino ethanol (shown below) is best described as an example of which type of chemical reaction?
Hydrolysis
.Below are four molecules and compounds. Choose the statement below that best describes these four. I CH2O II Ti2O3 III MgO IVH2O a) All of these are ionic compounds. b) I and II are covalent molecules, whereas III and IV are ionic. c) II and III are ionic, whereas I and IV are covalent. d) I, III, and IV and covalent, whereas II is ionic. e) All of these are covalent molecules.
II and III are ionic, whereas I and IV are covalent.
.The only interactions between two or more molecules of a nonpolar material such as methane (CH4) are _______ because these molecules do not have permanent dipoles. a) ionic bonding b) covalent bonding c) London dispersion forces d) dipole-dipole forces e) hydrogen bonding forces
London Dispersion forces
.In the reaction below, which element is oxidized? Mg(s) + Br2(g) >>>> MgBr2(s) a) Mg b) Br2 c) neither Mg nor Br2 is oxidized
Mg
Alcohols
OH attached to alkane type Carbon
What are the different alcohol categories?
Primary, secondary, tertiary
Which correctly named alkene contains three carbon atoms? A) 1-methylethene B) 2-methylethene C) propene D) All of the choices are correct. E) None of the choices are correct
Propene
Subatomic particle with a positive charge is a(n) ___.
Proton
ketones
R contains Carbon
Aldeyhyde
R may be hydrogen, usually a carbon containing group
What does air exposure do to TGS
Slows the breakdown
Which of the following statements best describes what it means for the acid-base reaction between acetic acid and water to be in equilibrium? CH3COOH + H2O >>>CH3COO- + H3O+ A) The mass of acetic acid and acetate is equal. B) The number of moles of acetate equals the number of moles of acetic acid. C) The number of moles of hydronium equals the number of moles of water. D) The forward and reverse reactions proceed at the same rate. E) The reaction is balanced.
The forward and reverse reactions proceed at the same rate.
What number is the same as the atomic number ?
The proton number
Consider the two containers below, which are separated by a semipermeable membrane that only allows the passage of water molecules, not ions. If A contains 6% NaCl in water and B contains 3% NaCl in water, which of the following will occur? A) The volume of water in A will increase. B) The volume of water in B will increase. C) NaCl will flow from A to B. D) NaCl will flow from B to A. E) Nothing will happen.
The volume of water in A will increase
What happens when a large volume of gas is compressed to a smaller volume?? a) The particles shrink. b) There are more gas particles in the same volume. c) The gas particles would expand in comparison to the size of the beaker. d) Compressing the gas would likely result in gas particles lost to the atmosphere. e) Compressing the gas is just a physical change and so should not effect how the gas particles look.
There are more gas particles in the same volume.
An atom contains 12 protons and 12 neutrons, and a different atom contains 10 protons and 12 neutrons. These two atoms are not isotopes.
True
Oxidation and reduction are complementary processes that always occur together.
True
Some molecules are nonpolar even though all bonds within the molecules are polar.
True
The freezing point of water is lowered when KCl is dissolved in it.
True
The higher the numerical value of an equilibrium constant (Keq), the further to the right the reaction will proceed.
True
The shape of H2O is bent
True
The zeros in 0.00958 cm are not significant.
True
linoleic acid
a polyunsaturated fatty acid with 18 carbons in a chain
Stearic acid
a typical saturated fatty acid with 18 carbons in a chain
Oleic acid
a typical unsaturated fatty acid with 18 carbons in the chain
.Which of the following samples has a mass greater than 50.00 grams? a) 6.02 × 1023 atoms of Fe b) 3.01× 1023 atoms of Zr c) 9.03 × 1023 atoms of Na d) more than one correct response e) no correct response
a) 6.02 × 1023 atoms of Fe
Which of the following is a dication? a) Ca2+ b) Na c) Br d) O2- e) Fe
a) Ca2+
.The solute of a solution is the component a) that is dissolved in the solvent. b) in the greatest supply. c) that must be ionic. d) that must be a solid. e) None of the above describe a solute
a) that is dissolved in the solvent.
glycerides are lipids esters
alcohol group of glycerol from an ester with a fatty acid esterification may occur at one, two, or all three alcohol positions that produce monoglyceride, diglyceride, triglyceride (serve as energy storage in adipose cells)
The balanced equation for the combustion of propane is given below. What do the numbers in front of the chemical formulas (the coefficients) mean? CH3CH2CH3 + 5 O2 → 3 CO2 + 4 H2O a) Three molecules of CO2 are produced when one molecule of CH3CH2CH3 reacts with five molecules of O2. b) Six molecules of CO2 are produced when two molecules of CH3CH2CH3 react with ten molecules of O2. c) Nine moles of CO2 are produced when three moles of CH3CH2CH3 react with fifteen moles of O2. d) Four moles of H2O are produced when one mole of CH3CH2CH3 reacts with five moles of O2. e) All of the above
all of the above
Characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices: (1) The ideal gas law involves the variables P, V, T, and R, and the constant n. (2) Six electrons shared between two atoms corresponds to a triple bond. (3) Alpha particles can be blocked by a piece of paper because they have the lowest penetrating power of all types of radiation. a) All three statements are true. b) Two of the three statements are true. c) Only one of the statements is true. d) None of the statements is true.
all three statements are true.
Regarding the following reaction, 3 Mg(s) + N2 (g)>>>>>> Mg3N2(s) a) This reaction does not involve oxidation or reduction. b) Magnesium is oxidized and nitrogen is reduced. c) Both magnesium and nitrogen are reduced. d) Magnesium is reduced and nitrogen is oxidized.
b) Magnesium is oxidized and nitrogen is reduced.
Characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices provided. (1) In the molecule C2H4 both a single bond and a double bond are present. (2) A water (H2O) molecule has linear geometry. (3) Both tetrahedral and trigonal pyramidal molecules have four VSEPR electron groups about the central atom. a) All three statements are true. b) Two of the three statements are true. c) Only one of the statements is true. d) None of the statements is true.
b) Two of the three statements are true.
.___ lower the ___ of a reaction and therefore increase the reaction rate. a) reactants, temperature b) catalysts, activation energy c) catalysts, concentration d) activation energy, temperature e) products, concentration
b) catalysts, activation energy
sphingolipids
based on sphingosine - one long hydrocarbon chain - contain nitrogen - two alcohol groups
What is the branch of chemistry that is focuses on understanding the chemical principles of molecules found in biological organisms? a) analytical chemistry b) organic chemistry c) biochemistry d) physical chemistry e) inorganic chemistry
biochemistry
eicosanoids
biologically active compounds that regulate body functions
small alcohol molecules are soluble in water
can hydrogen bond with water
A compound is likely to be hydrophilic (water-loving) if a) it contains polar groups. b) all of the chemical bonds are covalent. c) the compound forms strong London force interactions between molecules. d) there are many carbon atoms in the skeleton of the molecule. e) all compounds are hydrophilic
it contains polar groups
The fats found in living organisms are called
lipids
How do you find the number of neutrons ?
mass number - atomic number
concentration gradient
movement with the gradient from a high to a low concentration no energy is required
. The formation of ions typically occurs when a) nonmetal atoms lose electrons and metals gain them. b) metal and nonmetal atoms are close together in the number of valence electrons. c) metal and nonmetal atoms have the same number of electrons. d) nonmetal atoms gain electrons and metal atoms lose them. e) Atoms gain or loose neutrons.
nonmetal atoms gain electrons and metal atoms lose them.
Which of the following is NOT an example of a physical change? a) freezing water to make ice b) ice cream melting in a bowl c) boiling water d) water condensing on the surface of a glass of ice tea e) onions browning as they are cooked
onions browning as they are cooked