Chem I - Chapter 2
Determine the number of neutrons, protons, and electrons for a bromide ion that has a mass number of 77, and a charge of -1.
42, 35, 36
An Se atom has a mass number of 78. Determine the number of neutrons, protons, and electrons in this neutral isotope.
44, 34, 34
An Se ion has a mass number of 79 and a charge of -2. Determine the number of neutrons, protons, and electrons in this ion.
45, 34, 36
How many protons in I-?
53
What is the atomic number of I?
53
How many electrons in I-
54
How many protons in N3-?
7
How many main groups are there?
8
What would the nuclear symbol of Br that contains 46 neutrons per atom be?
81 35 Br
What is the chemical symbol for krypton assuming that there are 48 neutrons?
84 36 Kr
What is an atom?
A single unit of an element (minimal unit with all the physical and chemical properties of the element)
How are elements arranged on the periodic table?
According to chemical and physical properties
Silver symbol
Ag
Aluminum symbol
Al
Determine the formula unit for the compound formed when each pairs of ions interact: Al3+ and CO3 2-
Al2(CO3)3
Determine the number of Al3+ and Cl- ions required to form a neutral ionic compound and give the formula.
Al3+, Cl-, Cl-, and Cl-, AlCl3
Determine the formula unit for the compound formed when each pairs of ions interact: Al3+ and Cl-
AlCl3
Determine the formula unit for the compound formed when each pairs of ions interact: Al3+ and F-
AlF3
Rubidium is considered a?
Alkali Metal
What is Group 2?
Alkaline Earth metals
Chlorine symbol
Cl
Hypochlorite
ClO-
Chlorite
ClO2-
Chlorate
ClO3-
Perchlorate
ClO4-
What are the characteristics of metals?
Conduct electricity and heat, malleable, and ductile
Dichromate
Cr2O7 2-
Copper symbol
Cu
An ion has a mass number of 65, 36 neutrons, and a charge of +1. What is the element symbol and determine the number of protons and electrons in this ion.
Cu, 29, 28
A neutral isotope has a mass number of 65 and 36 neutrons. Identify the element symbol of this isotope and determine the number of protons and electrons.
Cu, 29, 29
What are allotropes?
Different forms of the same element like O2 (Oxygen) and O3 (Ozone). Carbon: Diamond, Graphite, Fullerene, and Soot
What does Proust's law of definite proportions state?
Different samples of the same compound contain the same proportion of its constituent elements (in mass). Water = 1/9 Hydrogen and 8/9 oxygen.
Who created the periodic table?
Dmitri Mendeleev
The smallest and lightest subatomic particle is the?
Electron
What particle has a relative charge of -1?
Electron
What particle has the least mass?
Electron
What are chemical bonds?
Elements combining through their electrons. Sharing: Covalent bonds, Transferring: Ionic bonds
What are the nonmetals?
Everything from the ladder on over to the right
Fluorine symbol
F
Determine the element symbol, number of protons, and number of electrons for an ion that has a mass number of 56, 30 neutrons, and a charge of +3.
Fe, 26, 23
What is F- called?
Fluoride ion
What are molecular formulas?
Formulas that show the specific composition of one molecule like H2O.
What are elements?
Fundamental substances that cannot be broken down further by chemical means, pure or combine, name and symbol which is one or two letters
What is the vertical arrangement of elements in the periodic table called?
Group
What are the columns in the periodic table called?
Group (1-18)
Hydrogen symbol
H
Most abundant element in the universe?
H
Dihyrdogen Phosphate
H2PO4-
Hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate)
HCO3-
Hydrogen Phosphate
HPO4 2-
Isotopes are atoms that?
Have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
What is the total percentage always?
w1 + w2 + ... = 1
Can the atomic number or the mass number vary without changing the identity of an atom?
Mass number
What is the law of conservation of mass?
Matter cannot be destroyed or created. E = mc^2 where E is energy, m is mass, and c is the speed of light (c = 3*10^8 m/s)
Metal or Nonmetal? Ag
Metal
Metal or Nonmetal? Ca
Metal
Metal or Nonmetal? Cd
Metal
Metal or Nonmetal? Co
Metal
Metal or Nonmetal? Cr
Metal
Metal or Nonmetal? Ti
Metal
How does electrical neutrality and naming work? Binary (metal + nonmental) ionic compounds
Metal name + nonmetal + IDE Potassium Chloride KCl Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2 Zinc Iodide ZnI2 Aluminum Oxide Al2O3
Germanium is considered a?
Metalloid
Do metals gain or lose electrons? Nonmetals?
Metals lose and nonmetals gain
Magnesium symbol
Mg
Determine the formula unit for the compound formed when each pairs of ions interact: Mg2+ and S2-
MgS
Permanganate
MnO4-
Is CO2 and ionic or molecular compound?
Molecular
Is NCl3 and ionic or molecular compound?
Molecular
The nucleus of an atom accounts for what?
Most of the atom's mass but very little of its size
Nitrogen symbol
N
Thiocyanate
NCS-
Determine the formula unit for the compound formed when each pairs of ions interact: Na+ and O2-
Na2O
Determine the formula unit for the compound formed when each pairs of ions interact: Na+ and N3-
Na3N
What are anions?
Negatively charged ions
What particle has no charge?
Neutron
What is the arrangement of an atom?
Neutrons and protons in the "nucleus" with rings of electrons that move around it
Nickel symbol
Ni
What is group 18?
Noble Gases
Metal or Nonmetal? Br
Nonmetal
Metal or Nonmetal? Cl
Nonmetal
Metal or Nonmetal? Kr
Nonmetal
Metal or Nonmetal? N
Nonmetal
Metal or Nonmetal? S
Nonmetal
What cannot be identified if the number of protons for a neutral atom is known?
Number of neutrons
Peroxide
O2 2-
Hydroxide
OH-
Most abundant element in Earth's crust?
Oxygen
Phosphorous symbol
P
Phosphate
PO4 3-
Lead symbol
Pb
Element 19 begins this arrangement in the periodic table?
Period
What is the horizontal arrangement of elements in the periodic table called?
Period
The chemical properties of elements 12, 20, and 38 demonstrate this principle.
Periodic Law
What is the way properties repeat in a regular way as the atomic numbers increase called?
Periodic Law
What particle has a relative charge of +1?
Proton
What particle is located in the nucleus of an atom?
Proton and neutron
What are the lanthanides?
Rare earth metals that are a set of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table. They are relatively abundant, but extracting them requires toxic acids and radioactive tailings.
Which of the following elements is most likely in the 3rd period to form an ion with a -2 charge? Ca, S, Se, Cl, Mg
S
Sulfite
SO3 2-
Sulfate
SO4 2-
What are isotopes?
Same elements with different masses such as Protium 1 1 H, Deuterium 2 1 H, Tritium 3 1 H
What is Antimony's symbol?
Sb
Silicon symbol
Si
Which of the following elements would you expect to have similar properties? In and Sn F and Ne K and La Si and Ge
Si and Ge
Tin symbol
Sn
What is tin's symbol?
Sn
What are the characteristics of nonmetals?
Solids, liquids, and gases, nonconductors, solids are brittle
Strontium symbol
Sr
Determine the element symbol, mass number, and charge for an atom or ion that has 49 neutrons, 38 protons, and 36 electrons.
Sr, 87, +2
Elements found to the left of metalloids on the periodic table display which properties?
Tend to form cations, tend to be lustrous, and tend to be good conductors
What is the Thomson Model?
The Plum pudding model
True or false? The atomic number is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of an element.
True
Elements found in between the metals and nonmetals on the periodic table display which properties?
Usually less brittle than nonmetallic solid, solids at room temperature, usually semiconductors
Determine the formula unit for the compound formed when each pairs of ions interact: X3+ and Y-
XY3
What is the atomic number of Br?
35
Atomic number for Be?
4
How do we calculate average atomic weight?
(Atomic Weight 1)(weight 1) + (Atomic Weight 2)(weight 2) = average
What is the charge on an ion with 65 protons and 61 electrons?
+4
Alkali metals are in which group?
1
According to Dalton's atomic theory which of these are not possible? 1. CCl4 -> CH4 2. N2 + 3H2 -> NH3 3. 2H2 + O2 -> 2H2O + Au
1 and 3
Atomic number for Ne?
10
How many electrons in N3-?
10
An atom of the An atom of the isotope sulfur-31 consists of how many protons, neutrons, and electrons?
16, 15, 16
Halogens are in which group?
17
How many protons are in an ion with 18 electrons and a -1 charge?
17
Noble gases are in group?
18
Alkaline earth metals are in which group?
2
How many electrons in Cr3+?
21
How many protons in Cr3+?
24
What is the atomic number of Fe?
26
If you burn 32.9g of hydrogen and produce 294g of water, how much oxygen reacted?
261g
How many electrons are in a Cu2+ ion?
27
What is the atomic number of Cu?
29
Which combination of protons (p) , neutrons (n), and electrons (e) is correct for the isotope of copper, 63Cu?
29, 34, 29
Is group 17 cations or anions?
Anions
Allotropes are atoms that?
Are forms of the same element that occur in the same physical state.
What elements are metalloids?
B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, At
Determine the formula unit for the compound formed when each pairs of ions interact: Ba2+ and NO3-
Ba(NO3)2
What is bismuth's symbol?
Bi
Acetate
C2H3O2-
Oxalate
C2O4 2-
What is the formula for caffeine which contains 8 atoms of carbon, 10 atoms of hydrogen, 4 atoms of nitrogen, and 2 atoms of oxygen?
C8H10N4O2
Carbonate
CO3 2-
Determine the number of Ca2+ and Br- ions required to form a neutral ionic compound and give the formula.
Ca2+, Br-, and Br-, CaBr2
Determine the formula unit for the compound formed when each pairs of ions interact: Ca2+ and P3-
Ca3P2
Is group 2 cations or anions?
Cations
Mercury symbol
Hg
Is CuO an ionic or molecular compound?
Ionic
Is MgS an ionic or molecular compound?
Ionic
Determine the number of K+ and F- ions to form a neutral ionic compound and give the formula.
K+ and F-, KF
Determine the formula unit for the compound formed when each pairs of ions interact: K+ and PO4 3-
K3PO4
An atom or ion has 43 neutrons, 36 protons, and 36 electrons. Identify the element symbol, and determine the mass number and charge for this atom or ion.
Kr, 79, 0
A neutral isotope has 47 neutrons and 36 electrons. Identify the element symbol of this isotope and determine the mass number and number of protons.
Kr, 83, 36
What are rare earth metals?
Lanthanides and Actinides
Determine the formula unit for the compound formed when each pairs of ions interact: Li+ and O2-
Li2O
What Li+ called?
Lithium ion
What is Mg2+ ion?
Magnesium ion
What is atomic number?
The number of protons
What is the Rutherford Model?
The planetary model
What does atom mean?
indivisible/cannot be divided
What are the masses and charges of proton, neutron, and electron?
p+: 1 amu and 1+ n: 1 amu and 0 e-: 1/1837 amu and 1-
Uranium symbol
U
What is group 1?
Alkali metals (Hydrogen is not included)
Argon symbol
Ar
What did Dalton's theory state?
Atoms cannot be created, destroyed, or subdivided
Gold symbol
Au
Boron symbol
B
What are the metalloids?
B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te
Barium symbol
Ba
How is the modern periodic table organized?
Based upon a classification of elements in terms of their physical and chemical properties
Beryllium symbol
Be
What are ions?
1 atom or a group of atoms with electrical charges
Bromine symbol
Br
Carbon symbol
C
What is an example of the law of multiple proportions?
C+O can form carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. 1) 100g C + 133g O = CO 2) 100g C + 266g O = CO2
Cyanide
CN-
Calcium symbol
Ca
Cadmium symbol
Cd
What is a compound?
Chemical combination of elements with a precise formula
What are some types of molecular models?
Chemical formula, chemical structure, ball and stick, and space fill
What is ionic bonding?
Ionic bonding is bonds that have electrostatic attraction. When oppositely charged ions form an ionic bond you get an ionic compound. Na+ Cl- = NaCl
Chromium symbol
Cr
What are the characteristics of metalloids?
Intermediate properties: shiny solids, brittle, semiconductors
Iron symbol
Fe
What are diatomic elements?
H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2, S8, P4
Hydrogen sulfate (bisulfate)
HSO4-
What is Group 17?
Halogens
Helium symbol
He
Mercury(I)
Hg2 2+
Iodine symbol
I
What is the law of multiple proportions?
If 2 elements form more than one compound, then the ratio of the mass of the 2nd element that combines with a fixed mass of the 1st element will be ratios of small whole numbers.
Potassium symbol
K
Lithium symbol
Li
Manganese symbol
Mn
What are diatomic molecules with the same element?
Molecules made of of the same element, H-N-F-O-I-Cl-Br
What are diatomic molecules with different elements?
Molecules made up of 2 atoms, HF-HCl-HBr-CO
What are polyatomic molecules?
Molecules made up of more than 2 atoms H2O-O3-NH3-CO2
What are covalent bonds?
Molecules, a group of 2 or more atoms, in a specific arrangement, in a specific proportion, and held together by covalent bonds. (H2O for example)
How do the noble gases occur in free nature?
Monoatomic
Ammonium
NH4+
Nitrite
NO2-
Nitrate
NO3-
Sodium symbol
Na
How does Na and Cl bond?
Na has 11 protons and 11 electrons, while Cl has 17 protons and 17 electrons. Na loses one electron so it is Na+, while Cl gains one electron so it is Cl-. Then we have NaCl Sodium Chloride
Neon symbol
Ne
Oxygen symbol
O
What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called?
Periods (1-7)
What are cations?
Positively charged ions
What is atomic mass?
Protons + Neutrons
What happens with ions?
Protons are not lost or gained, only electrons may be lost or gained.
Platinum symbol
Pt
What are the actinides?
Rare earth metals; typically man-made and radioactive
Sulfur symbol
S
What is covalent bonding?
When atoms share electrons. Cl Br = ClBr
Xenon symbol
Xe
How is the atomic number an mass number written?
Z = atomic number in bottom left, A = atomic mass number in top left , n = number in bottom right, c = charge in top right.
Zinc symbol
Zn