Chem I - Chapter 2

Determine the number of neutrons, protons, and electrons for a bromide ion that has a mass number of 77, and a charge of -1.

42, 35, 36

An Se atom has a mass number of 78. Determine the number of neutrons, protons, and electrons in this neutral isotope.

44, 34, 34

An Se ion has a mass number of 79 and a charge of -2. Determine the number of neutrons, protons, and electrons in this ion.

45, 34, 36

How many protons in I-?

53

What is the atomic number of I?

53

How many electrons in I-

54

How many protons in N3-?

7

How many main groups are there?

8

What would the nuclear symbol of Br that contains 46 neutrons per atom be?

81 35 Br

What is the chemical symbol for krypton assuming that there are 48 neutrons?

84 36 Kr

What is an atom?

A single unit of an element (minimal unit with all the physical and chemical properties of the element)

How are elements arranged on the periodic table?

According to chemical and physical properties

Silver symbol

Ag

Aluminum symbol

Al

Determine the formula unit for the compound formed when each pairs of ions interact: Al3+ and CO3 2-

Al2(CO3)3

Determine the number of Al3+ and Cl- ions required to form a neutral ionic compound and give the formula.

Al3+, Cl-, Cl-, and Cl-, AlCl3

Determine the formula unit for the compound formed when each pairs of ions interact: Al3+ and Cl-

AlCl3

Determine the formula unit for the compound formed when each pairs of ions interact: Al3+ and F-

AlF3

Rubidium is considered a?

Alkali Metal

What is Group 2?

Alkaline Earth metals

Chlorine symbol

Cl

Hypochlorite

ClO-

Chlorite

ClO2-

Chlorate

ClO3-

Perchlorate

ClO4-

What are the characteristics of metals?

Conduct electricity and heat, malleable, and ductile

Dichromate

Cr2O7 2-

Copper symbol

Cu

An ion has a mass number of 65, 36 neutrons, and a charge of +1. What is the element symbol and determine the number of protons and electrons in this ion.

Cu, 29, 28

A neutral isotope has a mass number of 65 and 36 neutrons. Identify the element symbol of this isotope and determine the number of protons and electrons.

Cu, 29, 29

What are allotropes?

Different forms of the same element like O2 (Oxygen) and O3 (Ozone). Carbon: Diamond, Graphite, Fullerene, and Soot

What does Proust's law of definite proportions state?

Different samples of the same compound contain the same proportion of its constituent elements (in mass). Water = 1/9 Hydrogen and 8/9 oxygen.

Who created the periodic table?

Dmitri Mendeleev

The smallest and lightest subatomic particle is the?

Electron

What particle has a relative charge of -1?

Electron

What particle has the least mass?

Electron

What are chemical bonds?

Elements combining through their electrons. Sharing: Covalent bonds, Transferring: Ionic bonds

What are the nonmetals?

Everything from the ladder on over to the right

Fluorine symbol

F

Determine the element symbol, number of protons, and number of electrons for an ion that has a mass number of 56, 30 neutrons, and a charge of +3.

Fe, 26, 23

What is F- called?

Fluoride ion

What are molecular formulas?

Formulas that show the specific composition of one molecule like H2O.

What are elements?

Fundamental substances that cannot be broken down further by chemical means, pure or combine, name and symbol which is one or two letters

What is the vertical arrangement of elements in the periodic table called?

Group

What are the columns in the periodic table called?

Group (1-18)

Hydrogen symbol

H

Most abundant element in the universe?

H

Dihyrdogen Phosphate

H2PO4-

Hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate)

HCO3-

Hydrogen Phosphate

HPO4 2-

Isotopes are atoms that?

Have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

What is the total percentage always?

w1 + w2 + ... = 1

Can the atomic number or the mass number vary without changing the identity of an atom?

Mass number

What is the law of conservation of mass?

Matter cannot be destroyed or created. E = mc^2 where E is energy, m is mass, and c is the speed of light (c = 3*10^8 m/s)

Metal or Nonmetal? Ag

Metal

Metal or Nonmetal? Ca

Metal

Metal or Nonmetal? Cd

Metal

Metal or Nonmetal? Co

Metal

Metal or Nonmetal? Cr

Metal

Metal or Nonmetal? Ti

Metal

How does electrical neutrality and naming work? Binary (metal + nonmental) ionic compounds

Metal name + nonmetal + IDE Potassium Chloride KCl Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2 Zinc Iodide ZnI2 Aluminum Oxide Al2O3

Germanium is considered a?

Metalloid

Do metals gain or lose electrons? Nonmetals?

Metals lose and nonmetals gain

Magnesium symbol

Mg

Determine the formula unit for the compound formed when each pairs of ions interact: Mg2+ and S2-

MgS

Permanganate

MnO4-

Is CO2 and ionic or molecular compound?

Molecular

Is NCl3 and ionic or molecular compound?

Molecular

The nucleus of an atom accounts for what?

Most of the atom's mass but very little of its size

Nitrogen symbol

N

Thiocyanate

NCS-

Determine the formula unit for the compound formed when each pairs of ions interact: Na+ and O2-

Na2O

Determine the formula unit for the compound formed when each pairs of ions interact: Na+ and N3-

Na3N

What are anions?

Negatively charged ions

What particle has no charge?

Neutron

What is the arrangement of an atom?

Neutrons and protons in the "nucleus" with rings of electrons that move around it

Nickel symbol

Ni

What is group 18?

Noble Gases

Metal or Nonmetal? Br

Nonmetal

Metal or Nonmetal? Cl

Nonmetal

Metal or Nonmetal? Kr

Nonmetal

Metal or Nonmetal? N

Nonmetal

Metal or Nonmetal? S

Nonmetal

What cannot be identified if the number of protons for a neutral atom is known?

Number of neutrons

Peroxide

O2 2-

Hydroxide

OH-

Most abundant element in Earth's crust?

Oxygen

Phosphorous symbol

P

Phosphate

PO4 3-

Lead symbol

Pb

Element 19 begins this arrangement in the periodic table?

Period

What is the horizontal arrangement of elements in the periodic table called?

Period

The chemical properties of elements 12, 20, and 38 demonstrate this principle.

Periodic Law

What is the way properties repeat in a regular way as the atomic numbers increase called?

Periodic Law

What particle has a relative charge of +1?

Proton

What particle is located in the nucleus of an atom?

Proton and neutron

What are the lanthanides?

Rare earth metals that are a set of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table. They are relatively abundant, but extracting them requires toxic acids and radioactive tailings.

Which of the following elements is most likely in the 3rd period to form an ion with a -2 charge? Ca, S, Se, Cl, Mg

S

Sulfite

SO3 2-

Sulfate

SO4 2-

What are isotopes?

Same elements with different masses such as Protium 1 1 H, Deuterium 2 1 H, Tritium 3 1 H

What is Antimony's symbol?

Sb

Silicon symbol

Si

Which of the following elements would you expect to have similar properties? In and Sn F and Ne K and La Si and Ge

Si and Ge

Tin symbol

Sn

What is tin's symbol?

Sn

What are the characteristics of nonmetals?

Solids, liquids, and gases, nonconductors, solids are brittle

Strontium symbol

Sr

Determine the element symbol, mass number, and charge for an atom or ion that has 49 neutrons, 38 protons, and 36 electrons.

Sr, 87, +2

Elements found to the left of metalloids on the periodic table display which properties?

Tend to form cations, tend to be lustrous, and tend to be good conductors

What is the Thomson Model?

The Plum pudding model

True or false? The atomic number is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of an element.

True

Elements found in between the metals and nonmetals on the periodic table display which properties?

Usually less brittle than nonmetallic solid, solids at room temperature, usually semiconductors

Determine the formula unit for the compound formed when each pairs of ions interact: X3+ and Y-

XY3

What is the atomic number of Br?

35

Atomic number for Be?

4

How do we calculate average atomic weight?

(Atomic Weight 1)(weight 1) + (Atomic Weight 2)(weight 2) = average

What is the charge on an ion with 65 protons and 61 electrons?

+4

Alkali metals are in which group?

1

According to Dalton's atomic theory which of these are not possible? 1. CCl4 -> CH4 2. N2 + 3H2 -> NH3 3. 2H2 + O2 -> 2H2O + Au

1 and 3

Atomic number for Ne?

10

How many electrons in N3-?

10

An atom of the An atom of the isotope sulfur-31 consists of how many protons, neutrons, and electrons?

16, 15, 16

Halogens are in which group?

17

How many protons are in an ion with 18 electrons and a -1 charge?

17

Noble gases are in group?

18

Alkaline earth metals are in which group?

2

How many electrons in Cr3+?

21

How many protons in Cr3+?

24

What is the atomic number of Fe?

26

If you burn 32.9g of hydrogen and produce 294g of water, how much oxygen reacted?

261g

How many electrons are in a Cu2+ ion?

27

What is the atomic number of Cu?

29

Which combination of protons (p) , neutrons (n), and electrons (e) is correct for the isotope of copper, 63Cu?

29, 34, 29

Is group 17 cations or anions?

Anions

Allotropes are atoms that?

Are forms of the same element that occur in the same physical state.

What elements are metalloids?

B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, At

Determine the formula unit for the compound formed when each pairs of ions interact: Ba2+ and NO3-

Ba(NO3)2

What is bismuth's symbol?

Bi

Acetate

C2H3O2-

Oxalate

C2O4 2-

What is the formula for caffeine which contains 8 atoms of carbon, 10 atoms of hydrogen, 4 atoms of nitrogen, and 2 atoms of oxygen?

C8H10N4O2

Carbonate

CO3 2-

Determine the number of Ca2+ and Br- ions required to form a neutral ionic compound and give the formula.

Ca2+, Br-, and Br-, CaBr2

Determine the formula unit for the compound formed when each pairs of ions interact: Ca2+ and P3-

Ca3P2

Is group 2 cations or anions?

Cations

Mercury symbol

Hg

Is CuO an ionic or molecular compound?

Ionic

Is MgS an ionic or molecular compound?

Ionic

Determine the number of K+ and F- ions to form a neutral ionic compound and give the formula.

K+ and F-, KF

Determine the formula unit for the compound formed when each pairs of ions interact: K+ and PO4 3-

K3PO4

An atom or ion has 43 neutrons, 36 protons, and 36 electrons. Identify the element symbol, and determine the mass number and charge for this atom or ion.

Kr, 79, 0

A neutral isotope has 47 neutrons and 36 electrons. Identify the element symbol of this isotope and determine the mass number and number of protons.

Kr, 83, 36

What are rare earth metals?

Lanthanides and Actinides

Determine the formula unit for the compound formed when each pairs of ions interact: Li+ and O2-

Li2O

What Li+ called?

Lithium ion

What is Mg2+ ion?

Magnesium ion

What is atomic number?

The number of protons

What is the Rutherford Model?

The planetary model

What does atom mean?

indivisible/cannot be divided

What are the masses and charges of proton, neutron, and electron?

p+: 1 amu and 1+ n: 1 amu and 0 e-: 1/1837 amu and 1-

Uranium symbol

U

What is group 1?

Alkali metals (Hydrogen is not included)

Argon symbol

Ar

What did Dalton's theory state?

Atoms cannot be created, destroyed, or subdivided

Gold symbol

Au

Boron symbol

B

What are the metalloids?

B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te

Barium symbol

Ba

How is the modern periodic table organized?

Based upon a classification of elements in terms of their physical and chemical properties

Beryllium symbol

Be

What are ions?

1 atom or a group of atoms with electrical charges

Bromine symbol

Br

Carbon symbol

C

What is an example of the law of multiple proportions?

C+O can form carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. 1) 100g C + 133g O = CO 2) 100g C + 266g O = CO2

Cyanide

CN-

Calcium symbol

Ca

Cadmium symbol

Cd

What is a compound?

Chemical combination of elements with a precise formula

What are some types of molecular models?

Chemical formula, chemical structure, ball and stick, and space fill

What is ionic bonding?

Ionic bonding is bonds that have electrostatic attraction. When oppositely charged ions form an ionic bond you get an ionic compound. Na+ Cl- = NaCl

Chromium symbol

Cr

What are the characteristics of metalloids?

Intermediate properties: shiny solids, brittle, semiconductors

Iron symbol

Fe

What are diatomic elements?

H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2, S8, P4

Hydrogen sulfate (bisulfate)

HSO4-

What is Group 17?

Halogens

Helium symbol

He

Mercury(I)

Hg2 2+

Iodine symbol

I

What is the law of multiple proportions?

If 2 elements form more than one compound, then the ratio of the mass of the 2nd element that combines with a fixed mass of the 1st element will be ratios of small whole numbers.

Potassium symbol

K

Lithium symbol

Li

Manganese symbol

Mn

What are diatomic molecules with the same element?

Molecules made of of the same element, H-N-F-O-I-Cl-Br

What are diatomic molecules with different elements?

Molecules made up of 2 atoms, HF-HCl-HBr-CO

What are polyatomic molecules?

Molecules made up of more than 2 atoms H2O-O3-NH3-CO2

What are covalent bonds?

Molecules, a group of 2 or more atoms, in a specific arrangement, in a specific proportion, and held together by covalent bonds. (H2O for example)

How do the noble gases occur in free nature?

Monoatomic

Ammonium

NH4+

Nitrite

NO2-

Nitrate

NO3-

Sodium symbol

Na

How does Na and Cl bond?

Na has 11 protons and 11 electrons, while Cl has 17 protons and 17 electrons. Na loses one electron so it is Na+, while Cl gains one electron so it is Cl-. Then we have NaCl Sodium Chloride

Neon symbol

Ne

Oxygen symbol

O

What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called?

Periods (1-7)

What are cations?

Positively charged ions

What is atomic mass?

Protons + Neutrons

What happens with ions?

Protons are not lost or gained, only electrons may be lost or gained.

Platinum symbol

Pt

What are the actinides?

Rare earth metals; typically man-made and radioactive

Sulfur symbol

S

What is covalent bonding?

When atoms share electrons. Cl Br = ClBr

Xenon symbol

Xe

How is the atomic number an mass number written?

Z = atomic number in bottom left, A = atomic mass number in top left , n = number in bottom right, c = charge in top right.

Zinc symbol

Zn