Chemistry 1151 Lab- Midterm

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Of the following, only ________ is a chemical reaction. A) melting of lead B) dissolving sugar in water C) tarnishing of silver D) crushing of stone E) dropping a penny into a glass of water

The correct answer (reported to the proper number of significant figures) to the following is ________. 12.75 × 1.3621 = ________ A) 17.367 B) 17.40 C) 17.37 D) 17.4 E) 17.0

What is the base unit for length, volume, and mass in the metric system ?

1.L=Meter 2.V=Liter 3.M=Grams

) Which of the following elements has the lowest electronegativity? A) Li B) C C) N D) O

A) Li

What is the volume (in cm3) of a 36.7 g piece of metal with a density of 6.95 g/cm3? A) 5.28 B) 255 C) 0.189 D) 6.34 E) 1.74

Which one of the following is the highest temperature? A) 38 °C B) 96 °F C) 302 K D) none of the above E) the freezing point of water

A value of 25 °C is a measurement of A) distance. B) volume. C) temperature. D) mass. E) density.

What is the correct answer for the calculation ? 36x0.12345/6.77 A) 0.65645 B) 0.656 C) 0.66 D) 1.52 E) 1.5

Density

D= m/v

What is matter?

What is matter? Therefore, matter is anything that has _ mass and occupies space

Filtration

a technique that uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid filter coffee grounds when making it

Sublimation

solid to gas

Choose the best graduated cylinder to make each measurement in a single use. 1. 36 mL of water 2. 18.5 mL of a Nacl solution 3. 5.75 mL of a surcose solution

1. 50 mL graduated cylinder w/10ml marks 2.25 mL graduated cylinder w/1 ml marks 3. 10 ml graduated cylinder w/ 0.1 ml marks

The DMV method to find density, mass and volume (Know this)

1. D= M/V 2.M= D x V 3.V= M/D

Identify each described physical separation technique A liquid is carefully poured out, leaving the solid behind in the container. A solid is caught on paper or a membrane while the liquid passes through. A solvent is added to dissolve only one mixture component and then the liquids are separated. A solid mixture is heated. One component transitions directly between solid and gas

1. Decantation 2. Filteration 3.Extraction 4.Sublimation

A less dense mass will ________ while a more dense mass will _________

1. Float 2.Sink

Gold has a density of 0.01932 kg/cm3. What is the mass (in kg) of a 92.5 cm3 sample of gold? A) 1.79 B) 0.560 C) 92.5 D) 0.000209 E) 4790

How many calories are required to raise the temperature of a 35.0 g sample of iron from 25 °C to 35 °C? Iron has a specific heat of 0.108 cal/g °C. A) 38 cal B) 1.1 cal C) 3.8 cal D) 93 cal E) 130 cal

How many electrons will lithium gain or lose when it forms an ion? A) lose 1 B) gain 5 C) lose 2 D) lose 3 E) gain 1

How many kilograms are in 30.4 lb? A) 13.8 kg B) 14 kg C) 67 kg D) 66.88 kg

If an object is accelerating at a rate of 25 m/s2, how long (in seconds) will it take to reach a speed of 550 m/s? (Assume an initial velocity of zero.) A) 22 B) 1.4 × 104 C) 0.045 D) 1.2 × 104 E) 2.3 × 102

In the number 12.345, the 1 is in the ________ place. A) tens B) ones C) tenths D) hundredths E) thousandths

In which one of the following numbers are all of the zeros significant? A) 100.090090 B) 0.143290 C) 0.0010 D) 0.0001 E) 0.1

Osmium has a density of 22.6 g/cm3. What volume (in cm3) would be occupied by a 21.8 g sample of osmium? A) 0.965 B) 1.04 C) 493 D) 2.03 × 10-3 E) 2.03 × 103

Diamond has a density of 3.52 g/mL. What is the volume in cubic centimeters of a diamond with a mass of 15.1 g? A) 4.3 cm3 B) 4.29 cm3 C) 0.233 cm3 D) 53 cm3 E) 53.2 cm3

How many electrons will chlorine gain or lose when it forms an ion? A) lose 1 B) gain 1 C) lose 7 D) gain 2 E) lose 3

In which of the following is the metric unit paired with its correct abbreviation? A) microgram / mg B) milliliter / mL C) centimeter / km D) kilogram / cg E) gram / gm

Round the number 0.007222 to three significant figures. A) 0.007 B) 0.00722 C) 0.0072 D) 0.00723 E) 0.007225

The molecular geometry of the PF3 molecule is ________, and this molecule is ________. A) trigonal planar, polar B) trigonal planar, nonpolar C) trigonal pyramidal, polar D) trigonal pyramidal, nonpolar E) tetrahedral, unipolar

The number with the most significant zeros is ________. A) 0.00002510 B) 0.02500001 C) 250000001 D) 2.501 × 10-7 E) 2.5100000

The primary substances of which all other things are composed are A) molecules. B) compounds. C) elements. D) electrons. E) protons.

The shape of the ammonia molecule ( NH3) is A) linear. B) square. C) pyramidal. D) hexagonal. E) octagonal.

Valence bond theory addresses all of the following except ________. A) molecular shape B) covalent bonding C) excited states of molecules D) hybridization E) multiple bonds

What is the mass of 53 mL of ethanol, which has a density of 0.79 g/mL?term-218 A) 67.1 g B) 41.9 g C) 42 g D) 67 g E) 53 g

What is the physical state in which matter has a specific volume but does not have a specific shape? A) gas B) solid C) liquid D) salts E) ice

Which of the following are chemical processes? 1. rusting of a nail 2. freezing of water 3. decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen gases 4. compression of oxygen gas A) 2, 3, 4 B) 1, 3, 4 C) 1, 3 D) 1, 2 E) 1, 4

Which of the following is a measurement of mass in the metric system? A) milliliter B) centimeter C) kilogram D) Celsius E) meter

Which of the following is a measurement of temperature in the metric system? A) oz B) lb C) Celsius D) kilogram E) meter

Which of the following measured numbers contains the designated CORRECT number of significant figures? A) 0.04300 5 significant figures B) 0.00302 2 significant figures C) 156 000 3 significant figures D) 1.04 2 significant figures E) 3.0650 4 significant figures

Which of the following measurements has three significant figures? A) 0.005 m B) 510 m C) 0.510 m D) 0.051 m E) 5100 m

________ is the abbreviation for the prefix mega-. A) k B) m C) M D) n E) d

According to the United States Food and Drug Administration, the recommended daily requirement of protein is 44 g. This is ________ oz of protein. A) 1248.5 B) 320 000 C) 1.6 D) 0.0605 E) 150 000

C. (44 x 0.0353=1.55=1.6 oz)

How many liters of soft drink are there in 5.25 qt? A) 4950 L B) 55.7 L C) 4.95 L D) 5.57 L E) 5.0 L

C. (5.25 qt x 0.946L) (4.95-4.96)

How many centimeters are there in 57.0 in.? A) 22 cm B) 0.0445 cm C) 145 cm D) 22.4 cm E) 140 cm

C. (57.0 x 2.54cm)

What is the unit of measurement used for Energy in the Metric System?

Calories abv. Cal

A baseball is thrown at a velocity of 98.4 miles per hour. What is the speed in m/s? A) 1.59 × 105 B) 5.72 × 108 C) 2.65 × 103 D) 44.1 E) 2.21 × 102

D (98.4 x 0.447)

9.31 g is the same mass as A) 931 μg. B) 931 kg. C) 93.1 cg. D) 9310 mg. E) 0.0931 dg.

Gases and liquids share the property of ________. A) compressibility B) definite volume C) incompressibility D) indefinite shape E) definite shape

How many calories are required to raise the temperature of a 150. g sample of gold from 25 °C to 175 °C? The specific heat of gold is 0.0308 cal/g °C. A) 4.62 cal B) 116 cal C) 22500 cal D) 693 cal E) 130 cal

How many electrons will aluminum gain or lose when it forms an ion? A) lose 1 B) gain 5 C) lose 2 D) lose 3 E) gain 1

Mercury has a specific gravity of 13.6. How many milliliters of mercury have a mass of 0.35 kg? A) 0.0257 mL B) 0.026 mL C) 25.7 mL D) 26 mL E) 4760 mL

Round the number 3456.5 to two significant figures. A) 3400.0 B) 3400 C) 3000 D) 3500 E) 3000.0

Significant figures are important because they indicate A) the accuracy of a measurement. B) the number of digits on a calculator. C) the number of measurements. D) the precision of a measurement. E) the accuracy of the conversion factor.

The number of significant figures in the measurement of 45.030 mm is A) none. B) three. C) four. D) five. E) six.

The physical state(s) present when a substance is melting is (are) A) solid. B) liquid. C) gas. D) solid + liquid. E) liquid + gas.

The prefix giga is represented by the following notation ________. A) 1 × 10-1 B) 1 × 10-3 C) 1 × 10-9 D) 1 × 109 E) 1 × 103

The prefix giga is represented by the following notation ________. A) 1 × 10-1 B) 1 × 10-3 C) 1 × 10-9 D) 1 × 109 E) 1 × 10

The recommended adult dose of Elixophyllin , a drug used to treat asthma, is 6.00 mg/kg of body mass. Calculate the dose in milligrams for a 134-lb person. A) 10.1 B) 1773 C) 13.2 D) 365 E) 3.6 × 105

The shape of the carbon tetrachloride molecule is A) linear. B) square. C) pyramidal. D) tetrahedral. E) octagonal

To form an ion, a sodium atom A) gains one electron. B) gains two electrons. C) loses seven electrons. D) loses one electron. E) loses two electrons.

What decimal power does the abbreviation d represent? A) 1 × 10-2 B) 10 C) 1 × 10-9 D) 1 × 10-1 E) 1 × 103

What is the answer, with the correct number of decimal places, for this problem? 4.392 g + 102.40 g + 2.51 g = A) 109.302 g B) 109 g C) 109.3 g D) 109.30 g

Which of the following conversion factors is a measured number? A) 10 cm/dm B) 12 in/ft C) 16 oz/lb D) 25 miles/gallon E) 12 eggs/dozen

Which of the following is a chemical change? A) cutting a rope B) bending a steel rod C) making a snowman D) burning sugar E) melting gold

Which of the following mass measurements is the largest? A) 123.20 Mg B) 123.20 dg C) 123.20 g D) 123.20 Tg E) 123.20 Gg

Which of the following would NOT be a physical change? A) freezing water to make ice cubes B) tearing a piece of aluminum foil C) boiling water for soup D) burning gasoline in a lawnmower E) melting gold to make jewelry

Written in scientific notation, 540 000 is A) 0.54 × 106. B) 54 × 108. C) 5.4 × 10-5. D) 5.4 × 105. E) 5.4.

) What is 6.5 m converted to inches? A) 1700 in B) 1651 in C) 39 in D) 260 in E) 255.9 in

D. (6.5m x 100 cm----> 650 cm/ 2.54 cm---> 255.9----->260 in )

) The number of electrons in an ion with 20 protons and an ionic charge of 2+ is A) 24. B) 22. C) 20. D) 18. E) 16.

D. (Tip, + charges loses electrons)

This is the process of separating a liquid from a solid (sediment) by gently pouring the liquid from the solid so as not to disturb the solid. Select one: Filtration Decantation Precipitation Evaporation

Decantation

In ionic compounds, ________ lose their valence electrons to form positively charged ________. (5,2) A) metals; anions B) nonmetals; cations C) metals; polyatomic ions D) nonmetals; anions E) metals; cations

The amount of space occupied by a substance is its A) mass. B) density. C) weight. D) length. E) volume.

The density of a 167.4 g sample of magnesium having a volume of 96.32 mL is ________ g/cm3. A) 0.5754 B) 16120 C) 3.625 D) 25.26 E) 1.738

The density of silver is 10.5 g/cm3. A piece of silver with a mass of 61.3 g would occupy a volume of ________ cm3. A) 0.171 B) 644 C) 10.5 D) 0.00155 E) 5.84

Which of the following examples illustrates a number that is correctly rounded to three significant figures? A) 4.05438 grams to 4.054 grams B) 0.03954 grams to 0.040 grams C) 103.692 grams to 103.7 grams D) 109,526 grams to 109 500 grams E) 20.0332 grams to 20.0 grams

Which of the following is a property of a solid? A) It takes the shape of the container. B) It fills the volume of the container. C) The particles move at a rapid rate. D) The interactions between its particles are very weak. E) The particles have fixed positions and are very close together.

Which of the following is the largest unit? A) millimeter B) micrometer C) meter D) decimeter E) kilometer

Which of the following is the smallest unit? A) gram B) milligram C) kilogram D) decigram E) microgram

A nugget of gold with a mass of 521 g is added to 50.0 mL of water. The water level rises to a volume of 77.0 mL. What is the density of the gold? A) 10.4 g/mL B) 6.77 g/mL C) 1.00 g/mL D) 0.0518 g/mL E) 19.3 g/mL

E. (77-50=27 | 521g/27ml=19.3g/ml)

linear Arrangement

Electron pairs= 2 Bonding pairs= 2 Lone pairs=0

Trigonal Planar arragenment and Bent

Electron pairs=3 Bonding pairs=3,0 Lone pairs=0 Electron pairs=3 Bonding pairs=2,1 Lone pairs=

tetrahedral Arrangement

Electron pairs=4 Bonding pair =0

Valence Electron (VE). What is it?

Electrons in the last shell (highest energy level)

How can a solid dissolved in water be separated from the water? Select one: Filtration Evaporation Precipitation Weighing

Evaporation

termine the total number of valence-shell electrons contained in the atoms of the molecule

Example OH- 6+1+(1)= 8

To recognize element and the symbol, using periodic table

Example: Calcium= ca+2 Potassium= k+1

Decantation

Separates liquid from solid precipitate by pouring off liquid without disturbing solid oil and water

Mega

M 10^6 (1,000,000)

Reporting Measurements

Report what is known with certainty •Add ONE digit of uncertainty (estimation) Tip: Include estimated digits in measurement

multiplying and dividing sig figs

Round to the calculated answer until you have the same number of significant figures as the measurement with the fewest significant figures

What is the unit of measurement used for Time in both the Metric and SI system?

Seconds abv. s

An object measuring 0.76 decimeters will have a length of ________ centimeters. A) 7.6 B) 0.076 C) 0.0076 D) 1100 E) 0.00076

Symbols used in reactions

+, --->, s,l,g

Rules for Significant Figuresterm-36

1. all nonzero digits 2. zeros between nonzero digits 3. zeros that are to the RIGHT of the decimal AND to the RIGHT of a nonzero

Density units of Density

1. g/ml- liquids 2.g/ cm^3

How to recognize chemical reactions

1.Change in color 2.Change in smell ( waft air toward face, no direct sniffing) 3.Gas release ( bubbles in tablets form in h20) 4.Formation of perctipate(solid form) 5.Change in heat ( hot or cold)

When using the Tare function on a balance, start by ___________.The ________________, to cancel out the mass.Finally, _________________, and record the mass of the sample.

1.Placing the glassware on the balance. 2.Then, Press zero to cancel out mass 3.Finally, add sample to glass, and record

Density units for volume

1.mL, L , (Liquisds) 2.cm^3 (solids)

Match the type of measurement to the unit given below. A) volume B) mass C) temperature D) distance E) density 1.mililiter 2.mm 3.gram 4.125K 5.kilometer 6.miligram

1.volume (A) 2.Distance (D) 3.Masss( B) 4.Tempature (C) 5.Distance (D) 6.Mass (B)

(Know this) 1m3= 1cm3=

1000 L 1 mL

What is the correct reading of the volume in the pictured buret?

13.80 mL

An object measuring 0.76 decimeters will have a length of ________ centimeters. A) 7.6 B) 0.076 C) 0.0076 D) 1100 E) 0.00076

Linear shape

180 degrees; examples include CO2 and HCN

An object measuring 25.0 inches will have a length of ________ centimeters. A) 63.5 B) 9.84 C) 0.0158 D) 0.102 E) 2.54

trigonal planar shape

3 electron domains; all involved in bonding

Correct reading of volume in a gradated cylinder

30.7.

An object measuring 77 milliliters will have a volume of ________ liters. A) 0.077 B) 77000 C) 13 D) 7700 E) 770

What is the correct reading for the graduated cylinder in the close-up? Make sure to report your reading with the appropriate significant figures.

40.5 mL

An object measuring 77 milliliters will have a volume of ________ liters. A) 0.077 B) 77000 C) 13 D) 7700 E) 770

) 1 nanometer = ________ picometers A) 1000 B) 0.001 C) 1 × 10-6 D) 1 × 106 E) 10

The density of silver is 10.5 g/cm3. A piece of silver that occupies a volume of 42.5 cm3 would have a mass of ________ g. A) 446 B) 0.247 C) 7.64 D) 4.05 E) 23.6

The quantity ________ m is the same as 4 km. A) 4000 B) 400 C) 0.004 D) 0.04

Which of the items below would be considered the most dense? A) a piece of wood with a volume of 2.5 L and a mass of 12.5 kg B) a ball with a volume of 139 mL and a mass of 93 g C) a tire with a volume of 2.12 L and a mass of 4.22 × 104 mg D) a wire with a volume of 3.91 × 10-7 L and a mass of 7.93 × 10-1 ng E) a block of metal with a volume of 1350 mL and a mass of 1.29 × 103 g

The density of octane, a component of gasoline, is 0.702 g/mL. What is the mass, in kg, of 875 mL of octane? A. 0.614 kg B. 614 kg C. 1.25 k

A 875 mL x 0.702g/ml = 614g x1/1000kg=0.614 kg

covalent bond

A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule Between two non metal • VE shared

Chemical equations

A chemical equation is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in the form of symbols and formulae Tip: Know and write correct chemical symbol and formula

Mixture

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

Uncertainty in Measurement

A digit that must be estimated is called uncertain. A measurement always has some degree of uncertainty.

uncertainty of measurement

A digit that must be estimated is called uncertain. A measurement always has some degree of uncertainty.

bent shape

A molecular shape in which three atoms covalently bonded together form an angle between 90 and 180 degrees (i.e., an acute angle).

Distillation

A process that separates the substances in a solution based on their boiling points -crude oil refining

Pure substance

A sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties Element; Copper, gold, silver (Non-chemical) Compound: Salt, water (Chemically)

An object will sink in a liquid if the density of the object is greater than that of the liquid. The mass of a sphere is 9.83 g. If the volume of this sphere is less than ________ cm3, then the sphere will sink in liquid mercury (density = 13.6 g/cm3). A) 0.723 B) 1.38 C) 134 D) 7.48 E) none of the above

There are ________ ng in a pg. A) 0.001 B) 1000 C) 0.01 D) 100 E) 10

A) 0.001

Which of the following are combustion reactions? 1) CH4 (g) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + H2O (l) 2) CaO (s) + CO2 (g) → CaCO3 (s) 3) PbCO3 (s) → PbO (s) + CO2 (g) 4) CH3OH (l) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + H2O (l) A) 1 and 4 B) 1, 2, 3, and 4 C) 1, 3, and 4 D) 2, 3, and 4

A) 1 and 4

How may lone pair electrons are found on the central atom in a ClF3 molecule which has a "T-shaped" geometry? A) 2 B) 3 C) 1 D) 4 E) 0

A) 2

A polar covalent bond is found in which of these compounds? A) H2O B) F2 C) NaCl D) H2 E) N2

A) H2O

The correct formula for the compound formed from Mg and S is A) MgS. B) MgS2 C) Mg2S. D) Mg2S2 E) Mg2S3

A) MgS.

What is the formula of the nitride ion? A) N3- B) NO2 - C) NO3 3- D) NO3 2- E) NO3

A) N3-

Of the reactions below, which one is a decomposition reaction? A) NH4Cl → NH3 + HCl B) 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO C) 2N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3 D) 2CH4 + 4O2 → 2CO2 + 4H2O E) Cd(NO3)2 + Na2S → CdS + 2NaNO3

A) NH4Cl → NH3 + HCl

What is the correct formula for the oxide ion? A) O2- B) OC) O+ D) O2+ E) O3+

A) O2-

The ability of an atom to attract the shared electrons in a covalent bond is its A) electronegativity. B) bonding ability. C) polarity. D) ionic character. E) nonpolarity.

A) electronegativity.

The molecular geometry of the CS2 molecule is ________. A) linear B) bent C) tetrahedral D) trigonal pla

A) linear

For a molecule with the formula AB2, the molecular shape is ________. A) linear or bent B) linear or trigonal planar C) linear or T-shaped D) T-shaped E) trigonal planar

A) linear or bent

The compound MgCl2 is named A) magnesium chlorine. B) magnesium dichloride. C) magnesium(II) chloride. D) magnesium chloride. E) dimagnesium chloride.

A) magnesium chlorine.

The VSEPR theory allows us to determine the most favorable A) shape of a molecule. B) charge on an ion. C) color of a compound. D) bond type for a molecule. E) formula for a compound.

A) shape of a molecule.

The carbon tetrachloride molecule, CCl4 has the shape of a A) tetrahedron. B) square. C) cube. D) circle. E) sphere.

A) tetrahedron.

Double and triple bonds form because A) the atoms involved have high electronegativities. B) single covalent bonds do not give all of the atoms in the molecule eight valence electrons. C) one of the atoms in the molecule has more than eight valence electrons. D) the ions involved have charges larger than one. E) there is at least one hydrogen atom involved in the bond.

A) the atoms involved have high electronegativities.

The molecular geometry of the right-most carbon in the molecule below is ________. A) trigonal planar B) trigonal bipyramidal C) tetrahedral D) octahedral

A) trigonal planar

) An object measuring 25.0 inches will have a length of ________ centimeters. A) 63.5 B) 9.84 C) 0.0158 D) 0.102 E) 2.54

650. J is the same amount of energy as A) 155 cal. B) 2720 cal. C) 650 cal. D) 1550 cal. E) 2.72 cal.

A small amount of salt dissolved in water is an example of a ________. A) homogeneous mixture B) heterogeneous mixture C) compound D) pure substance E) solid

A temperature of 10.00 °C is the same as ________ °F. A) 50.00 B) 32.18 C) -12.22 D) 283.15 E) -263.15

A temperature of 100. °F is the same as ________ °C. A) 38 B) 212 C) 700. D) 373 E) -173

A temperature of 290. K is the same as ________ °F. A) 63 B) 81 C) 260 D) 711 E) 351

A typical triple bond ________. A) consists of one σ bond and two π bonds B) consists of three shared electrons C) consists of two σ bonds and one π bond D) consists of six shared electron pairs E) is longer than a single bond

An object measuring 0.4500 kilograms will have a mass of ________ grams. A) 450.0 B) 0.0004500 C) 45.00 D) 4.500 E) 2222

Precision refers to ________. A) how close a measured number is to other measured numbers B) how close a measured number is to the true value C) how close a measured number is to the calculated value D) how close a measured number is to zero E) how close a measured number is to infinity

Round the number 0.00637 to two significant figures. A) 0.0064 B) 0.006 C) 0.00637 D) 0.0 E) 0.0063700

The SI unit of temperature is ________. A) K B) °C C) °F D) t E) T

The ammonia molecule ( NH3) is A) a polar molecule with polar bonds. B) a nonpolar molecule with polar bonds. C) a nonpolar molecule with nonpolar bonds. D) a polar molecule with nonpolar bonds. E) a polar molecule with ionic bonds.

The correct answer (reported to the proper number of significant figures) to the following is ________. 6.3 × 3.25 = ________ A) 20. B) 20.475 C) 20.48 D) 20.5 E) 21

The correct result (indicating the proper number of significant figures) of the following addition is ________. 12 1.2 0.12 + 0.012 A) 13 B) 13.3 C) 13.33 D) 13.332 E) none of the above

The formation of a gas resulting from the escape of high-energy particles from the surface of a liquid is known as A) evaporation. B) deposition. C) boiling. D) melting. E) sublimation

The metric base unit for length is the A) meter. B) inch. C) millimeter. D) kilometer. E) foot.

The molecular geometry of the BrO3 - ion is ________. A) trigonal pyramidal B) trigonal planar C) bent D) tetrahedral E) T-shaped

What is the correct answer for the calculation of a volume (in mL) with measured numbers ? 28.58/16x8.02 A) 0.22 mL B) 0.223 mL C) 57 mL D) 14 mL E) 14.3 mL.

What is the density of a substance with a mass of 45.00 g and a volume of 26.4 mL? A) 1.70 g/mL B) 1.7 g/mL C) 0.59 g/mL D) 0.587 g/mL E) 45.0 g/mL

Which calculation clearly shows a conversion between temperatures in degrees Celsius, °C, and temperature in Kelvins, K? A) K = °C + 273.15 B) K = 273.15 - °C C) K = [°C - 32] / 1.8 D) K = [°C + 32] × 1.8 E) K = °C

Which of the following is an example of a physical change? A) grinding coffee beans B) baking a cake C) converting water to hydrogen and oxygen D) digesting a cheeseburger E) burning coal

Which one of the following is often separated into its components by simple techniques such as filtering or decanting? A) heterogeneous mixture B) compounds C) homogeneous mixture D) elements E) solutions

Which states of matter are significantly compressible? A) gases only B) liquids only C) solids only D) liquids and gases E) solids and liquids

1.00 pint of milk has a volume of how many milliliters? (2 pints = 1 quart) A) 472 mL B) 530. mL C) 1000 mL D) 1890 mL E) 106 mL

A. (0.946/2= 0.473)

How many kilograms are in 30.4 lb? A) 13.8 kg B) 14 kg C) 67 kg D) 66.88 kg E) 66.9 kg

A. (30.4/2.2 kg)

A dose of aspirin of 5.0 mg per kilogram of body weight has been prescribed to reduce the fever of an infant weighing 8.5 pounds. The number of milligrams of aspirin that should be administered is A) 19 mg. B) 53 mg. C) 1.6 mg. D) 5.0 mg. E) 0.59 mg.

A. (8.5 lbs x 2.2 =18.7 kg=19)

Identify each of the following as a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture or pure substance A.hot fudge sundae B.shampoo C.sugar water D.peach pie E.pasta and tomato sauce F.aluminum foil G.helium H.air

A. Heterogenous B.Homogenous C.Homogenous D.Heterogenous E.Hetergenous F.Pure substance G.pure substance H.Homogenous

Identify each as: 1) solid 2) liquid or 3) gas. A. It has a definite volume, but takes the shape of the container. B. Its particles are moving rapidly C. It fills the volume of a container. D. It has particles in a fixed arrangement. E. It has particles close together that are mobile

A. Liquid B.Gas C.Gas D.Solid E.Liquid

Determine whether each of the properties described applies to volumetric or graduated glassware A.designed to measure one specific volume of liquid B.capable of measuring a range of volumes of liquid C.used for applications in which great accuracy is needed

A. Volumetric B.Graduated glassware C. Volumetric

Coins in a piggy bank is a(n) A) compound. B) heterogeneous mixture. C) element. D) homogeneous mixture. E) None of the above.

determining Molecular Polarity

Asymmetric and polar bonds, atoms, shape (lone pairs) =polar molecule Nonpolar Molecules-symmetrical and cancel out.

What is the OCTET RULE?

Atoms will share, gain or lose its VE electrons to achieve an outer electron arrangement identicalto that of a noble gas. Levels: 1=2 2=8 3=18 4=26 5=34

How many significant figures are in the number 30.80? A) 3 B) 4 C) 0 D) 1 E) 2

If matter is uniform throughout and cannot be separated into other substances by physical means, it is ________. A) a compound B) either an element or a compound C) a homogeneous mixture D) a heterogeneous mixture E) an element

Osmium has a density of 22.6 g/cm3. The mass of a block of osmium that measures 1.01 cm × 0.233 cm × 0.648 cm is ________ g. A) 6.75 × 10-3 B) 3.45 C) 148 D) 6.75 × 103 E) 34.5

The density (in g/cm3) of a gold nugget that has a volume of 1.68 cm3 and a mass of 32.4 g is ________. A) 0.0519 B) 19.3 C) 54.4 D) 0.0184 E) 32.4 Answer:

There should be ________ significant figures in the answer to the following computation. 10.07+7.395/2.5 A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

What is the abbreviated electron configuration for nickel (atomic number 28)? A) [He]2s22p3 B) [Ar]4s23d8 C) [Kr]4s23d8 D) [Ar]4s24p4 E) [Ar]3d8

What would be the volume of a box that measures 1.12 m × × ? A) 0.772800 B) 0.77 C) 0.773 D) 0.7728 E) 0.77280

Written in scientific notation, 0.000 004 03 is A) 4.03 × 10-7. B) 4.03 × 10-6. C) 4.03 × 106. D) 0.403 × 10-5. E) 4.03.

Which of the following correctly gives the best coefficients for the reaction below? N2H4 + H2O2 → N2 + H2O A) 1, 1, 1 ,1 B) 1, 2, 1, 4 C) 2, 4, 2, 8 D) 1, 4, 1, 4 E) 2, 4, 2, 4

B) 1, 2, 1, 4

Which of the following are combination reactions? 1) CH4 (g) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + H2O (l) 2) CaO (s) + CO2 (g) → CaCO3 (s) 3) Mg (s) + O2(g) → MgO (s) 4) PbCO3 (s) → PbO (s) + CO2 (g) A) 1, 2, and 3 B) 2 and 3 C) 1, 2, 3, and 4 D) 4 only E) 2, 3, and 4 Answer: B

B) 2 and 3

Which of the following are decomposition reactions? 1) CH4 (g) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + H2O (l) 2) CaO (s) + CO2 (g) → CaCO3 (s) 3) Mg (s) + O2(g) → MgO (s) 4) PbCO3 (s) → PbO (s) + CO2 (g) A) 1, 2, and 3 B) 4 only C) 1, 2, 3, and 4 D) 2 and 3 E) 2, 3, and 4

B) 4 only

The formula of copper(I) sulfide is A) CuS. B) Cu2S. C) Cu2 (SO4)3 D) CuSO4. E) CuS2.

B) Cu2S.

What is the correct formula for the iron(II) ion? A) Fe+ B) Fe2+ C) Fe3+ D) Fe2- E) Fe3-

B) Fe2+

Which of the following compounds contains a polar covalent bond? A) NaF B) HCl C) Br2 D) MgO E) O2

B) HCl

Ionic bonding is expected in which of these compounds? A) Cl2 B) KF C) OF2 D) HF E) H2

B) KF

The central atom in a certain molecule has 1 nonbonded electron pairs and 2 bonded electron pairs in its valence shell. The molecular geometry of this molecule is ________. A) tetrahedral B) bent C) seesaw D) trigonal bipyrimidal E) trigonal pyramidal

B) bent

The molecular geometry of the SF2 molecule is ________. A) linear B) bent C) trigonal planar D) tetrahedral E) octahedral

B) bent

What is the classification for this reaction? SO3(g) + H2O (l) → H2SO4(l) A) decomposition B) combination C) replacement D) double replacement E) oxidation reduction

B) combination

The name of the Cu+ ion is A) copper(II). B) copper(I). C) cobalt. D) copper. E) cuprum.

B) copper(I).

The ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume is its A) specific gravity. B) density. C) buoyancy. D) weight. E) conversion factor.

B) density.

The name of the HSO4 - ion is A) sulfate. B) hydrogen sulfate. C) sulfite. D) hydrogen sulfite. E) sulfide.

B) hydrogen sulfate.

The bond in Cl2 is a(n) A) ionic bond. B) nonpolar covalent bond. C) metallic bond. D) polar ionic bond. E) no bond.

B) nonpolar covalent bond.

The molecular geometry of the PF4 + ion is ________. A) octahedral B) tetrahedral C) trigonal pyramidal D) trigonal planar E) trigonal bipyramidal

B) tetrahedral

The molecular geometry of the SiH2Cl2 molecule is ________. A) trigonal planar B) tetrahedral C) trigonal pyramidal D) octahedral

B) tetrahedral

1 picometer = ________ centimeters A) 1 × 1010 B) 1 × 10-10 C) 1 × 108 D) 1 × 10-8 E) 1 × 10-12

A calculator answer of 423.6059 must be rounded off to three significant figures. What answer is reported? A) 423 B) 424 C) 420 D) 423.6 E) 423.7

A combination of sand, salt, and water is an example of a ________. A) homogeneous mixture B) heterogeneous mixture C) compound D) pure substance E) solid

A liquid has a volume of 34.6 mL and a mass of 46.0 g. What is the density of the liquid? A) 1.00 g/mL B) 1.33 g/mL C) 0.752 g/mL D) 1330 g/mL E) 0.663 g/mL

The carbon tetrachloride molecule, CCl4 , is A) a polar molecule with polar bonds. B) a nonpolar molecule with polar bonds. C) a nonpolar molecule with nonpolar bonds. D) a polar molecule with nonpolar bonds. E) a polar molecule with ionic bonds.

The correct answer (reported to the proper number of significant figures) to the following is ________. (2.01)(6.936) / 12 = ________ A) 1.1618 B) 1.2 C) 1.16 D) 1.162 E) none of the above

The correct answer for the addition of 7.5 g + 2.26 g + 1.311 g + 2 g is A) 13.071 g. B) 13 g. C) 13.0 g. D) 10 g. E) 13.1 g.

The correct result (indicating the proper number of significant figures) of the following calculation of the molecular mass for 4 × 15.9994 + 32.066 + 2 × 1.0079 A) 98.08 B) 98.079 C) 98.074 D) 98.838 E) 98.84

What is the conversion factor for the relationship between millimeters and centimeters? A) 1 mm/1 cm B) 10 mm/1 cm C) 1 cm/1 mm D) 100 mm/1 cm E) 10 cm/1 mm

What is the correct reading of the volume in the pictured buret? A.25.600 mL B.25.60 mL C.26.400 mL D.26.40 mL E.26.4 mL F.25.6 mL

What is the element with the electron configuration 1s22s22p63s23p5? A) Be B) Cl C) F D) S E) Ar

What is the mass of 2.00 L of an intravenous glucose solution with a density of 1.15 g/mL? A) 0.023 kg B) 2.30 kg C) 1.15 kg D) 0.015 kg E) 0.58 kg

What is the metric relationship between grams and micrograms? A) 1 g = 100 μg B) 1 g = 1 000 000 μg C) 1 g = 0.000 001 μg D) 1 g = 1000 μg E) 1 g = 0.001 μg

Which of the following has the same number of significant figures as the number 1.00310? A) 1 × 106 B) 199.791 C) 8.66 D) 5.119 E) 11.762

Which of the following is a physical change? A) baking a cake B) dry ice subliming C) fermenting grapes to produce wine D) digesting a meal E) a tomato ripening

Which of the following is the basic unit of mass in the SI? A) pound B) kilogram C) milligram D) microgram E) gram

Which one of the following properties describes a liquid? A) has its own shape B) particles are close together and move randomly C) particles move very rapidly D) fills the entire volume of the container E) There is essentially no interaction between the particles.

Written in scientific notation, 0.000 000 33 is A) 3.3 × 107. B) 3.3 × 10-7. C) 3.3 × 10-8. D) 3.3 × 108. E) 3.3.

Written in scientific notation, 8300 is A) 8.3 × 102. B) 8.3 × 103. C) 8.3 × 104. D) 8.3 × 10-3. E) 8.3 × 10-2.

________ is the abbreviation for the prefix milli-. A) k B) m C) M D) n E) d

What are the best practices while sharing a lab balance with other students? A. Place samples directly onto the balance. B.Brush off any chemical dust around the balance after each use. B.Leave a note when you have tared a balance for your glassware. C.Alert your TA or instructor about any issues with the balance.

B. C.

What is the density (g/cm3) of 48.0 g of a metal if the level of water in a graduated cylinder rises from 25.0 mL to 33.0 mL after the metal is added A.0.17 g/cm3 B.6.0 g/cm3 C.380 g/cm3

B. 6.0 g/cm3 33-25= 8 48/8=6

A driver is traveling at 60 km/h. Is the driver speeding if the speed limit is 45 mph? A) Yes B) No

B. No (60 x 0.609)

A 50.0 mL urine sample has a mass of 50.7 g. The specific gravity of the urine is A) 1.014 g/mL. B) 0.986 g/L. C) 1.01. D) 0.986. E) 50.7.

A burn from steam at 100 °C is expected to be more severe than a burn from boiling water at 100 °C because A) the steam is hotter than the boiling water. B) there is more steam than water. C) the steam will give off a large amount of heat as it condenses. D) you are more likely to come into contact with the steam than with the boiling water. E) All of these answers are correct.

An element cannot ________. A) be part of a heterogeneous mixture B) be part of a homogeneous mixture C) be separated into other substances by chemical means D) interact with other ele

How many significant figures are in the measured number 0.00208 m? A) six B) two C) three D) four E) five

In which of the following would the particles move most rapidly? A) ice at -20 °C B) water at 20 °C C) steam at 110 °C D) boiling water E) ice at 0 °C

Of the molecules below, only ________ is polar. A) CCl4 B) CH4 C) SeF4 D) SiCl4

The energy associated with the motion of particles in a substance is called A) temperature. B) electrical energy. C) heat. D) chemical energy. E) potential energy.

The number with the most significant zeros is ________. A) 0.08 B) 0.00090 C) 90.300 D) 0.008

What is the ionic charge of an ion with 13 protons and 10 electrons? A) 1+ B) 2+ C) 3+ D) 2- E) 3-

Which of the following is (are) the lowest temperature? A) The freezing point of water B) 5 °C C) 30 °F D) 280 K E) A and D

Which of the following is not an exact number? A) the number of seconds in a year B) the number of millimeters in a kilometer C) the number of liters in a gallon D) the number of centimeters in an inch

How many lone pairs of electrons are in the electron-dot structure of H2O? A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E) 4

C) 2

What is the coefficient of hydrogen, H2 , when the following equation is balanced? Al + H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + ? H2 A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

C) 3

The ion of aluminum is A) Al+. B) Al2+. C) Al3+. D) Al3- E) Al2-

C) Al3+.

Which one of the following substances is the product of this combination reaction? Al (s) + I2(s) → ________ A) AlI2 B) AlI C) AlI3 D) Al2I3 E) Al3I2

C) AlI3

Which of the following compounds contains an ionic bond? A) NH3 B) H2O C) CaO D) H2 E) CH4

C) CaO

Which one of the following compounds contains an ion with a 3+ charge? A) KCl B) Na2O C) FeCl3 D) CuCl E) MgCl2

C) FeCl3

The reaction of carbon with oxygen to produce carbon monoxide is an example of which class of reaction? 2C(s) + O2(g) → 2CO(g) A) single replacement B) double replacement C) combination D) catalytic E) endothermic

C) combination

Gold in a wedding ring is a(n) A) compound. B) heterogeneous mixture. C) element. D) homogeneous mixture. E) None of the above.

C) element.

The name of PbO2 is A) lead dioxide. B) lead(II) oxide. C) lead(IV) oxide. D) plumbum oxide. E) lead oxygen.

C) lead(IV) oxide.

The molecular geometry of the left-most carbon atom in the molecule below is A) trigonal planar B) trigonal bipyramidal C) tetrahedral D) octahedral E) T-shaped

C) tetrahedral

) The density of a solution is 0.847 g/mL. Its specific gravity is A) 11.8. B) 0.118. C) 0.847. D) 1.18. E) 1.2.

3.337 g/cm3 = ________ kg/m3 A) 3.337 × 10-9 B) 3.337 × 10-5 C) 3337 D) 0.3337 E) 333.7

A difference in one degree of temperature is the smallest on the ________ temperature scale. A) Kelvin B) Celsius C) Fahrenheit D) Kelvin and Celsius E) Fahrenheit and Celsius

A rectangular water tank is 14.5 cm long and 4.63 cm wide. If 368.5 g of water completely fills the tank, the height of the tank is ________ cm. (Assume the density of water is 1.000 g/ml.) A) 0.182 B) 5.49 C) 24700 D) 29.1 E) 165

Elements in group 2A(2) of the periodic table form ions with a charge of A) 1+. B) 1-. C) 2+. D) 3+. E) 0.

Express the temperature, 275.18 K, in degrees Celsius. A) 548.33 °C B) 274.17 °C C) 2.03 °C D) 120.88 °C E) 22.78 °C

Helium is a(n) A) compound. B) heterogeneous mixture. C) element. D) homogeneous mixture. E) electron.

How many calories are required to increase the temperature of 13 g of alcohol from 11 °C to 23 °C? The specific heat of alcohol is 0.588 cal/g °C. A) 83 cal B) 0.63 cal C) 92 cal D) 0.54 cal E) 170 cal

How many significant figures should be retained in the result of the following calculation? 12.00000 × 0.9893 + 13.00335 × 0.0107 A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5 E) 6

In the number 12.345, the 3 is in the ________ place. A) tens B) ones C) tenths D) hundredths E) thousandths

The cubic centimeter (cm3 or cc) has the same volume as a A) cubic inch. B) cubic liter. C) milliliter. D) centimeter. E) cubic decimeter.

The metric unit for volume is the A) meter. B) quart. C) liter. D) pint. E) centimeter.

Air is a(n) A) compound. B) heterogeneous mixture. C) element. D) homogeneous mixture. E) None of the above.

What is the unit of measurement used for Temperature in the Metric System?

Celsius abv: C*

What is the unit of measurement used for volume in the SI system ?

Cubic centimeter | Cubic meter abv: cm^3 | m^3

How many significant figures are in the measurement 5000 g? A) 4 B) 2 C) 3 D) 1 E) 5

In the following list, only ________ is not an example of a chemical reaction. A) burning a plastic water bottle B) the production of hydrogen gas from water C) the tarnishing of a copper penny D) chopping a log into sawdust E) charging a cellular phone

The correct answer (reported to the proper number of significant figures) to the following is ________. (12.67 + 19.2)(3.99) / (1.36 + 11.366) = ________ A) 9.99851 B) 9.9985 C) 9.999 D) 1.00 × 101

The number 1.00430 has ________ significant figures. A) 2 B) 3 C) 5 D) 6 E) 4

The shape of the water molecule ( H2O) is A) linear. B) tetrahedral. C) pyramidal. D) bent. E) octagonal.

Which of the following is a physical property of both liquids and gases? A) has its own shape B) has a definite volume C) has strong interactions between its particles D) has randomly arranged particles E) has large spaces between molecules

How many electrons will iodine gain or lose when it forms an ion? A) lose 1 B) gain 5 C) lose 2 D) lose 3 E) gain 1

The bond angles marked a, b, and c in the molecule below are about ________, ________, and ________, respectively A) 90°, 90°, 90° B) 120°, 120°, 90° C) 120°, 120°, 109.5° D) 109.5°, 120°, 109.5° E) 109.5°, 90°, 120°

D) 109.5°, 120°, 109.5°

Which of the following gives the balanced equation for this reaction? K3PO4 + Ca(NO3 )2 → Ca3 (PO4 )2 + KNO3 A) KPO4 + CaNO3 + KNO3 B) K3PO4 + Ca(NO3 )2 → Ca3 (PO4 )2 + 3KNO3 C) 2K3PO4 + Ca(NO3 )2 → Ca3 (PO4 )2 + 6KNO3 D) 2K3PO4 + 3Ca(NO3 )2 → Ca3 (PO4 )2 + 6KNO3 E) K3PO4 + Ca(NO3 )2 → Ca3 (PO4 )2 + KNO3

D) 2K3PO4 + 3Ca(NO3 )2 → Ca3 (PO4 )2 + 6KNO3

What coefficient is placed in front of O2 to complete the balancing of the following equation? C5H8+ ? O2 → 5CO2 + 4H2O A) 1 B) 3 C) 5 D) 7 E) 9

D) 7

How many valence electrons are in the electron-dot structure of H2O? A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8 E) 10

D) 8

The octet rule indicates that A) all of the noble gases have eight total electrons. B) all of the shells in an atom hold a maximum of 8 electrons. C) all of the Group A elements have 8 valence electrons. D) atoms lose, gain, or share valence electrons to have 8 valence electrons. E) the noble gases react with other compounds to get 8 valence electrons.

D) atoms lose, gain, or share valence electrons to have 8 valence electrons.

The following reaction takes place when an electric current is passed through water. It is an example of a ________ reaction. 2H2O → 2H2 + O2 A) combination B) single replacement C) dehydration D) decomposition E) double replacement

D) decomposition

In counting the electron domains around the central atom in VSEPR theory, a ________ is not included. A) nonbonding pair of electrons B) single covalent bond C) core level electron pair D) double covalent bond

D) double covalent bond

The basis of the VSEPR model of molecular bonding is ________. A) regions of electron density on an atom will organize themselves so as to maximize s-character B) regions of electron density in the valence shell of an atom will arrange themselves so as to maximize overlap C) atomic orbitals of the bonding atoms must overlap for a bond to form D) electron domains in the valence shell of an atom will arrange themselves so as to minimize repulsions E) hybrid orbitals will form as necessary to, as closely as possible, achieve spherical symmetry

D) electron domains in the valence shell of an atom will arrange themselves so as to minimize repulsions

(prac) The reaction of methane with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water is an example of which class of reaction? CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) A) single replacement B) double replacement C) combination D) oxidation E) endothermic

D) oxidation

What is the classification for this unbalanced reaction? Fe + HCl → FeCl3 + H2 A) dehydration B) combination C) decomposition D) single replacement E) double replacement

D) single replacement

A chemical equation is balanced when A) the total number of molecules is the same in reactants and products. B) the total number of ions is the same in reactants and products. C) the sum of the coefficients of the reactants is equal to the sum of the coefficients of the products. D) the number of atoms of each element is the same in reactants and products. E) the charge on each atom is the same in reactants and products.

D) the number of atoms of each element is the same in reactants and products.

The electron domain and molecular geometry of SO3 are ________. A) trigonal bipyramidal, trigonal planar B) trigonal planar, bent C) trigonal bipyramidal, T-shaped D) trigonal planar, trigonal planar E) octahedral, seesaw

D) trigonal planar, trigonal planar

Hydrogen sulfide, H2 S, has a shape similar to A) carbon dioxide. B) carbon monoxide. C) hydrogen chloride. D) water. E) carbon tetrachloride.

D) water.

(Chapter 4 -Calculating avg atomic mass) A sample of chlorine has two naturally occurring isotopes. The isotope Cl-35 (mass 35.0 amu) makes up 75.8% of the sample, and the isotope Cl-37 (mass = 37.0 amu) makes up 24.3% of the sample. What is the average atomic mass for chlorine? A) 36.0 amu B)35 amu C) 36.6 amu D) 35.5 amu E) 35.521 amu

) In the number 12.345, the 4 is in the ________ place. A) tens B) ones C) tenths D) hundredths E) thousandths

) The quantity 1.0 mg/cm2 is the same as 1.0 × ________ kg/m2. A) 10-4 B) 102 C) 10-6 D) 10-2 E) 104

) When 2610 + 11.7 + 0.22 are added, the answer to the correct number of decimal places is A) 2621.92. B) 2621.9. C) 2621. D) 2620. E) 2600.

) Which of the following mass measurements is the smallest? A) 78 kg B) 78 mg C) 78 pg D) 78 fg E) 78 ng

1 kilogram = ________ milligrams A) 1 × 10-6 B) 1,000 C) 10,000 D) 1,000,000

1 kilogram = ________ milligrams A) 1 × 10-6 B) 1,000 C) 10,000 D) 1,000,000 E) none of the above

3.25 kcal is the same amount of energy as A) 3.25 J. B) 0.777 J. C) 777 J. D) 13600 J. E) 13.6 J.

A certain liquid has a density of 2.67 g/cm3. 30.5 mL of this liquid would have a mass of ________ Kg. A) 81.4 B) 11.4 C) 0.0875 D) 0.0814 E) 0.0114

A researcher added three samples of sodium chloride solution; the volumes were: 0.351 mL, 0.350 mL and 0.349 mL. The total volume should be reported as A) 1.05 mL. B) 1.0 mL. C) 11 mL. D) 1.050 mL. E) 1.0500 mL.

A value of 36 mL is a measure of A) density. B) mass. C) temperature. D) volume. E) distance.

A wooden object has a mass of 10.782 g and occupies a volume of 13.72 mL. What is the density of the object determined to an appropriate number of significant figures? A) 8 × 10-1 g/mL B) 7.9 × 10-1 g/mL C) 7.86 × 10-1 g/mL D) 7.859 × 10-1 g/mL E) 7.8586 × 10-1 g/mL

Accuracy refers to ________. A) how close a measured number is to zero B) how close a measured number is to the calculated value C) how close a measured number is to other measured numbers D) how close a measured number is to the true value E) how close a measured number is to infinity

To find the Unknown liquid density, what equation should be used ?

Density the ratio of mass to volume (D= g/v)

Steps involved to predict the shape of molecule

Draw Lewis dot structure Determine the center atom and its surroundings (electron group)Step Predict the shape

A certain liquid has a density of 2.67 g/cm3. 1340 g of this liquid would occupy a volume of ________ L. A) 1.99 × 10-3 B) 50.2 C) 3.58 D) 35.8 E) 0.502

The electron-domain geometry of ________ is tetrahedral. A) CBr4 B) PH3 C) CCl2Br2 D) XeF4 E) all of the above except XeF4

The temperature of 25 °C is ________ in Kelvins. A) 103 B) 138 C) 166 D) 248 E) 298

When a solid is converted directly to a gas, the change of state is called A) freezing. B) melting. C) boiling. D) condensation. E) sublimation.

1.55 kg/m3 is equivalent to ________ g/L. A) 1.55 × 10-3 B) 1.55 × 103 C) 1.55 × 10-6 D) 1.55 × 106 E) 1.55

E) 1.55

Of the reactions below, which one is not a combination reaction? A) C + O2 → CO2 B) 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO C) 2N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3 D) CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2 E) 2CH4 + 4O2 → 2CO2 + 4H2O

E) 2CH4 + 4O2 → 2CO2 + 4H2O

How many valence electrons are in the electron-dot structure of CCl4 ? A) 0 B) 82 C) 6 D) 8 E) 32

E) 32

The correct formula for a compound formed from the elements Al and O is A) AlO. B) Al2O. C) Al3O2 . D) AlO3 . E) Al2O3 .

E) Al2O3

Which of the following substances contains a nonpolar covalent bond? A) H2O B) NaCl C) NH3 D) MgF2 E) N2

E) N2

The name of Al2 (SO4)3 is A) aluminum(III) sulfate. B) dialuminum trisulfate. C) dialuminum sulfate. D) dialuminum trisulfide. E) aluminum sulfate.

E) aluminum sulfate.

The molecular geometry consists of ________. a) a nonbonding pair of electrons b) a single bond c) a multiple bond A) a only B) b only C) c only D) a, b, and c E) b and c

E) b and c

What is the molecular shape of H2O? A) T-shaped B) tetrahedral C) linear D) trigonal

E) bent

Which of the following elements does NOT exist as a diatomic molecule? A) hydrogen B) nitrogen C) chlorine D) oxygen E) carbon

E) carbon

In a ________ reaction, two or more elements or compounds form one product. A) decomposition B) single replacement C) dehydration D) double replacement E) combination

E) combination

According to VSEPR theory, if there are three electron domains in the valence shell of an atom, they will be arranged in a(n) ________ geometry. A) tetrahedral B) octahedral C) linear D) square planar E) trigonal planar

E) trigonal planar

For a molecule with the formula AB3, the molecular shape is ________. A) linear, octahedral, or bent B) linear, bent, or trigonal planar C) linear, bent, or T-shaped D) tetrahedral E) trigonal planar, trigonal pyramidal, or T-shaped

E) trigonal planar, trigonal pyramidal, or T-shaped

) In a gas, the distance between the particles is A) very close relative to the size of the molecules. B) close relative to the size of the molecules. C) fixed relative to the size of the molecules. D) small relative to the size of the molecules. E) very large relative to the size of the molecules.

A 2.5 g sample of french fries is placed in a calorimeter with 500.0 g of water at an initial temperature of 21 °C. After combustion of the french fries, the water has a temperature of 48 °C. What is the caloric value (kcal/g) of the french fries? A) 14 kcal/g B) 11 kcal/g C) 0.14 kcal/g D) 4.2 kcal/g E) 5.4 kcal/g

A potato contains 20 g of carbohydrate. If carbohydrate has a caloric value of 4 kcal/g, how many kcal are obtained from the carbohydrate in the potato? A) 5 kcal B) 20 kcal C) 40 kcal D) 60 kcal E) 80 kcal

A typical double bond ________. A) is stronger and shorter than a single bond B) consists of one σ bond and one π bond C) imparts rigidity to a molecule D) consists of two shared electron pairs E) All of the above answers are correct.

A value of 345 cm is a measure of A) density. B) mass. C) temperature. D) volume. E) distance.

Acceleration due to gravity of a free-falling object is 9.8 m/s2. Express this in millimeters/millisecond2. A) 9.8 × 10-9 B) 9.8 × 103 C) 9.8 × 10-6 D) 9.8 E) 9.8 × 10-3

Gold has a density of 0.01932 kg/cm3. What volume (in cm3) would be occupied by a 22.2 g sample of gold? A) 0.429 B) 0.870 C) 0.000429 D) 16.81 E) 1.15

Density of a irregularly shaped solid by Volume displacement method Archimedes' discovery: a solid submerged in a liquid displaces its own volume.

Experimental: 1.Mass the metal (solid) first (g) 2.Measure a known volume of water in a graduated cylinder. 3.Submerge the metal (solid) in the water. The water level will rise. 4.Measure the new water level. The difference in the two water levels is the volume of the irregular solid. 5. Use density formula to calculate density of the solid

Determination regularly shaped solid object

Experimental: 1.Mass(m) the metal (solid) first (g) 2.Find volume of the solid object using formula (differ for shapes) 3.For the one above use V = L * W * HV = (cm) (cm) (cm) = cm3 4. Use density formula to calculate the regularly shaped solid object D = m/v Density unit is g/cm

Which process is used to separate soluble compounds from insoluble compounds? Select one: Decantation Filtration Sublimation Extraction

Extraction

You should look and read a graduated cylinder at ?

Eye level

This is the process of separating a solid from a liquid by means of a porous material. Select one: Decantation Evaporation Filtration Precipitation

Filtration

ionic bond

Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another Between metal and non metal • VE transferred

Giga

G 10^9 1,000,000,000

What is the unit of measurement used for Mass in the Metric System ?

Grams abv: g

Short method to find VE

Group # on Periodic table

THE OCTET RULE- EXCEMPT (Know this)

Hydrogen stable with 2 electrons Helium and Bromine stable with 6 electons

What is the unit of measurement used for Length in the Metric system ?

Meter abv: M

What is the unit of measurement used for Length in the SI system ?

Meter abv: M

What is the unit of measurement used for Energy in the SI system ?

Joules abv. J

What is the unit of measurement used for Temperature in the SI system?

Kelvin abv. K

What is the unit of measurement used for Mass in the SI System?

Kilograms abv: kg

Metric conversion acronym

King Henry Died By Drinking Chocolate Milk -Kilo, Hecto, Deca, Deci, Centi, Millli

What is the unit of measurement used for volume in the Metric System ?

Liter abv: L

How to calculate the number of atom?

Multiply coefficient and subscript

Law of conservation of matter

NO atoms are created or destroyed over the course of a normal chemical reaction Main goal: Number of atoms at the reactant side = Number of atoms at the reactant side

Is mass and weight the same?

No, Weight is the heaviness or mass of an object.(Gravitational force) Mass is the amount of 'stuff' in an object

Mixtures can be separated by

Physical means such as filtration and evaporation for example

Things you CAN do when balancing an equation.

Place whole number (coefficient) in front (left) of the formula By checking back and forth, until if there are same number of atoms on reactant & product side Can have fractions TEMPORARLY, and cancel finally Coefficient always to the SMALLEST ratio possible.

The substances produced at the of a chemical reaction are known as the ________.

Product

Finding Specific Gravity

Specific Gravity is measured by an instrument called a hydrometer - density of water is very close to 1 g/mL Specific gravity has the same number as density , but is unitless

adding and subtracting sig figs

The answer has the same number of decimal places as the measurement with the fewest decimal places Tip : follow same rule for subtraction

Evaporation

The change of a substance from a liquid to a gas -salt from sea water

Accuracy vs. Precision

accuracy: how close experimental value is to accepted value; precision: how closely measured values agree with each other

tetrahedral shape

The shape defined by the symmetrical distribution of four bonded pairs of electrons around a central atom.

Why the shapes of molecule/compound important?

To determine the polarity (polar or nonpolar) Shapes of drug molecule highest priority

The composition of homogeneous mixtures is ______________. Select one: Uneven Variable Uniform Different

Uniform

The composition of heterogeneous mixtures is ______________. Select one: Uniform Variable The same Equal

Variable

Two things you CANNOT do when balancing an equation.

You cannot change a subscript. You cannot place a coefficient(whole #) in the middle of a formula

single bond, double bond, triple bond

a bond form when two atoms share one/two/three pairs of electrons and lone pairs -All have one electron group

combination reaction

a chemical change in which two or more substances react to form a single new substance A+B= AB 2Mg+02----> 2Mg0 Tip:look for one and only product

Double replacement reaction

a chemical reaction between two compounds where the positive ion of one compound is exchanged with the positive ion of another compound AB+ CD ------> AD + CB

decompostion reaction

a chemical reaction that occurs when a single compound breaks down into two or more elements or new compounds AB------> A + B A------> B+C 2Hg0-------> 2Hg+02 Tip:look for one and only reactan

combustion reaction

a chemical reaction that occurs when a substance reacts with oxygen, releasing energy in the form of heat and light Tip: look for CO2 + H2O in combustion

single replacement reaction

a chemical reaction that occurs when the atoms of one element replace the atoms of another element in a compound AB+ C --------> A +BC A + BC ------> B + AC Tip: look for one element by itself on the left ( reactant) side

trigonal pyramidal shape

a molecular shape caused by the presence of one lone pair in a tetrahedral arrangement

Thermometer

are instruments calibrated to measure the temperature of whatever the bulb or probe is touching. are glass tubes filled with mercury or colored alcohol; and they operate on the principal that the liquid inside them will expand as it heats up and contract as it cools, thus measuring the temperature of its surroundings.

Density measures how close

atoms and molecules are to each other

centi

c 10^-2

Remember only valence electrons (VE) are taking part in

chemical bonding

How chemical reactions occur

chemical reactions occur when - chemical bonds between atoms are formed or broken

deci

d 10^-1

Increasing temperature causes a ____________ in density because ?

decrease in density, because heating objects generally causes them to expand, increasing volume. Ex; Hot air ballon

Mass =

density x volume

The Diatomic elements should be written in ? (Know this)

diatomic gas state x2 H2, N2, F2, O2, I2, Cl2, Br2 Have No Fear Of Ice Cold Beer

Buret

dispensing and transferring known volumes of fluids

VSEPR theory assumes that the shape of a molecule is determined by the r

epulsion of electron pairs.

What is nonpolar Covalent Bonds

equal sharing of electrons

percent error formula

experimental value-accepted value/accepted value x 100

Density units for mass

g , kg (SI)

Volumetric pipet

glass; common sizes are 10 mL, 25 mL; used to measure solution volumes accurately; must not be heated. -most accurate

The coefficients in a chemical equation represent the

how many of each molecule participate in the reaction •coefficient 1 is never written. When no coefficient appears before the molecular formula, it is assumed to be 1

Estimated digit ( uncertainty) in measurement May be in what places ?

in tenth place (0.1) = 1/ 10hundredth place (0.01) = 1/100 thousandth place (0.001) = 1/1000

Kilo

k 10^3 1000

Volumetric Glassware

laboratory glassware that has been carefully calibrated to contain very accurate volumes or allow for the measurement of very accurate volumes graduated cylinders, volumetric and graduated pipets, burets, and

milli

m 10^-3

triple beam balance measures

mass in grams

percentage of each substance in a mixture formula

mass of substance ------------------- x 100 mass of mixture in grams

Volume=

mass/density

nano

n 10^-9

What practice will not help you make an accurate volume reading on a buret at the beginning of a titration?

not reading the volume with the meniscus at eye level.

Significant Figures (digits) include all known digits plus ?

one estimated digit, for most measuring instruments

pico

p 10^-12

Classification of matter

pure substances and mixtures

The substance that go into a chemical reaction are called the __________.

reactants

Direct weighing involves placing objects, such as beakers or weighing boats, directly on the pan of the balance and

recording the mass. Weighing by difference involves taking two measurements. 1.the mass of an empty container is obtained and noted. 2. an object (or reagent) is added to the container and the new mass is recorded. 3.Subtracting the initial mass from the final mass represents the mass of the object being measurement

extraction

separates dissolved substances based on differential solubility in aqueous vs. organic solvents -seperating immicisable liquids water and oil

VSEPR predicts

shapes based on electron pairs repelling (in bonds or by themselves) VSEPR stands for Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion

What are the 3 states of matter?

solid, liquid, gas

(s), (l), (g)

solid, liquid, gas state of matter heat supplied to rxn catalyst used (speeds up rxn time)

micro

u 10^-6

What is polar Covalent Bonds?

unequal sharing of electrons

volumetric flask

used for making liquid solutions of precise volumes

digital balance

used to determine the mass of smaller, lighter objects

Beaker

used to hold and measure volume of liquids.

Graduated pipet

used to measure solution in volumes; less accurate than a volumetric pipet. glass, 10ml, 25 ml

Graduated Cylinder

used to measure volume of liquids in mL. - more precise than a beaker (increments are smaller than a beaker - usually 1 mL per increment).

Chemistry 1151 Lab- Midterm

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