Chemistry 15

Energy

Ability to do work and produce heat.

Specific heat

Amount of energy required to raise the temp of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius

Calorie

Amount of energy required to raise the temp of one gram of pure water by one degree Celsius

Calorimeter

An insulated device used to measure amount of heat absorbed and released during chemical and physical processes.

Spontaneous process

Any physical or chemical change that once began and occurs with no outside intervention.

Chemical potential energy of a substance is a result of the arrangement of its - and the strength of the - joining the atoms. During some - reactions such as burning - much of the potential energy may be released as -. Some of the energy may be converted to work, which is a form of - energy

Atoms Chemical bonds Chemical Gasoline or octane Heat Kinetic

Thermochemistry equation

Balanced chemical equation that includes the physical states of all reactions and products and the energy change. Expressed as a change in enthalpy.

No spontaneous process

Chemical reactions where change in free energy is positive.

Positive reaction is

Endothermic

Free energy

Energy available to do work

Kinetic energy

Energy in motion

Chemical potential energy

Energy stored in a substance because of it's composition

Surroundings

Everything in the universe other than the system

Negative reaction is

Exothermic

Condensation

Gas to liquid. Heat released.

Law of conservation of energy

In any chemical reaction or physical process, energy can be converted from one form to another. Not created or destroyed.

Vaporization

Liquid to gas. Heat is absorbed

Joule

SI unit of energy and heat

Fusion of ice

Solids to liquid. Heat is absorbed

System

Specific part of the universe that contains the reaction/process you to wish to study.

Potential energy

Stored energy

Thermochemistry

Study of heat changes that accompany chemical reactions and phase changes.

Enthalpy (heat) of reaction

The change in enthalpy for a reaction.

Heat

The energy that is in the process of flowing from a worker object to a cooler one.

Enthalpy

The heat content of a system at constant pressure.

Entropy

The measure of the number of possible ways that the energy of a system can be distributed. This is related to the freedom of the systems particles to move and the number of ways they can be arranged.

Second law of thermodynamics

The spontaneous processes always proceed in such a way that the entropy of the universe increases

Universe

They system plus the surroundings.