Chemistry ch 4
The type of sublevel found in all principal energy levels is the _____ sublevel
"s"
How many electrons can a "d" sub-level hold
10
The number of protons found in a sulfur atom
16
How many electrons can each orbital hold?
2 electrons
The maximum number of electrons that can be found in any atom's second principal energy level is
8
A negatively charged ion is called
Anion
_______________ is determined by the weighted averages of isotopes of an element
Atomic mass
The number of protons is also called
Atomic number
describes how electrons fill orbitals
Aufbau principle
The "s", "p", "d", "f" sublevels are identified by __________ quantum numbers
Azimuthal
Helped explain line spectra
Bohr model of the atom
First model to include atoms of each element having different masses
Dalton's Atomic Theory
Philosophical atomism
Democritus
Who was the first to refer to the smallest particles composing of matter as atoms
Democritus
How do the isotopes of an element differ? How are they the same?
Different number of neutrons, same number of protons and electrons
What subatomic particle was discovered through experimentation with cathode rays
Electron
Which has the least mass- an electron, a proton, or a neutron?
Electron
Protons
Ernest Rutherford
T/F Neutrons contribute to an atom's mass and it's charge
False
T/F an atom that gains three electrons will have a +3 charge
False
T/F scientific models are working representations of experimental facts that have proven to be correct in all cases
False
Gold foil experiment
Hans Geiger
States that it is impossible to know both the energy and the exact position of an electron at the same time
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
describes how electrons fill a sublevel
Hund's rule
Cathode rays
J. J. Thompson
Neutrons
James Chadwick
First experimental atomic model
John Dalton
Shows that any sample of water always contains 8 g of oxygen for every 1 g of hydrogen
Law of definite probability
In large atoms the number of protons is....... than the number of neutrons
Less than
Who is responsible for proposing the wave nature of the electron
Louis de Broglie
MRI machines make images through changing ________________ in an atom
Magnetic fields
The number of protons and neutrons combined is called
Mass number
"Planetary" model of the atom
Niels Bohr
states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers
Pauli exclusion principle
State the four quantum numbers
Primary, azimuthal, magnetic, electron spin
Niels Bohr , in his model of the atom , proposed the concept of _________________that were envisioned as a set of concentric circular tracks on which ______ orbited
Principal energy levels/ electrons
The identity of an atom is determined by the number of
Protons
Describe the general arrangement of subatomic particles in the atom
Protons and neutrons in the nucleus, electrons orbit the nucleus
The different isotopes of a single element would have the same number of _____________ but a different number of ___________
Protons/ neutrons
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Raymond Damadian
(T/F) Each atom can be identified by the number of protons in its nucleus.
True
(T/F) The general region of space where an electron is most probably found is known as an orbital.
True
T/F Dalton based his atomic model on both experimental evidence and logic
True
T/F: An electron can behave as either a wave or a particle.
True
T/F: The first quantum number identifies the principal energy level of an electron.
True
X-rays
Wilhelm Roentgen
If an atom loses an electron, it will have a __________ charge
positive
Isotopes have the same number of ______ but different number of _________
protons and neutrons
Mass number = number of _____ + number of _____
protons and neutrons
The particle(s) found inside the nucleus are called
protons and neutrons
Because energy levels are ________ energy emissions come in certain quantities
quantized
The electrons in the outermost energy level that are important in bonding are called
valence electrons
