Chemistry ch 4

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The type of sublevel found in all principal energy levels is the _____ sublevel

"s"

How many electrons can a "d" sub-level hold

10

The number of protons found in a sulfur atom

16

How many electrons can each orbital hold?

2 electrons

The maximum number of electrons that can be found in any atom's second principal energy level is

8

A negatively charged ion is called

Anion

_______________ is determined by the weighted averages of isotopes of an element

Atomic mass

The number of protons is also called

Atomic number

describes how electrons fill orbitals

Aufbau principle

The "s", "p", "d", "f" sublevels are identified by __________ quantum numbers

Azimuthal

Helped explain line spectra

Bohr model of the atom

First model to include atoms of each element having different masses

Dalton's Atomic Theory

Philosophical atomism

Democritus

Who was the first to refer to the smallest particles composing of matter as atoms

Democritus

How do the isotopes of an element differ? How are they the same?

Different number of neutrons, same number of protons and electrons

What subatomic particle was discovered through experimentation with cathode rays

Electron

Which has the least mass- an electron, a proton, or a neutron?

Electron

Protons

Ernest Rutherford

T/F Neutrons contribute to an atom's mass and it's charge

False

T/F an atom that gains three electrons will have a +3 charge

False

T/F scientific models are working representations of experimental facts that have proven to be correct in all cases

False

Gold foil experiment

Hans Geiger

States that it is impossible to know both the energy and the exact position of an electron at the same time

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

describes how electrons fill a sublevel

Hund's rule

Cathode rays

J. J. Thompson

Neutrons

James Chadwick

First experimental atomic model

John Dalton

Shows that any sample of water always contains 8 g of oxygen for every 1 g of hydrogen

Law of definite probability

In large atoms the number of protons is....... than the number of neutrons

Less than

Who is responsible for proposing the wave nature of the electron

Louis de Broglie

MRI machines make images through changing ________________ in an atom

Magnetic fields

The number of protons and neutrons combined is called

Mass number

"Planetary" model of the atom

Niels Bohr

states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers

Pauli exclusion principle

State the four quantum numbers

Primary, azimuthal, magnetic, electron spin

Niels Bohr , in his model of the atom , proposed the concept of _________________that were envisioned as a set of concentric circular tracks on which ______ orbited

Principal energy levels/ electrons

The identity of an atom is determined by the number of

Protons

Describe the general arrangement of subatomic particles in the atom

Protons and neutrons in the nucleus, electrons orbit the nucleus

The different isotopes of a single element would have the same number of _____________ but a different number of ___________

Protons/ neutrons

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Raymond Damadian

(T/F) Each atom can be identified by the number of protons in its nucleus.

True

(T/F) The general region of space where an electron is most probably found is known as an orbital.

True

T/F Dalton based his atomic model on both experimental evidence and logic

True

T/F: An electron can behave as either a wave or a particle.

True

T/F: The first quantum number identifies the principal energy level of an electron.

True

X-rays

Wilhelm Roentgen

If an atom loses an electron, it will have a __________ charge

positive

Isotopes have the same number of ______ but different number of _________

protons and neutrons

Mass number = number of _____ + number of _____

protons and neutrons

The particle(s) found inside the nucleus are called

protons and neutrons

Because energy levels are ________ energy emissions come in certain quantities

quantized

The electrons in the outermost energy level that are important in bonding are called

valence electrons


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