Chemistry Ch. 8
1 Sigma, 2 Pi Bonds
A triple covalent bonds consists of this many sigma and pi bonds.
1
CO₂ contains only ___ hybrid orbital (sp) because only 1 sigma bond hybridize.
4
Carbon can form this many single covalent bonds.
The process in which atomic orbitals mix and form new, identical hybrid orbitals.
Define hybridization.
This is an acid containing both a hydrogen atom and an oxyanion.
Define oxyacid.
It does not follow the octet rule because B has less than 8 electrons. (suboctet)
Explain why or why not BF₃ obeys or does not obey the octet rule.
1
Halogens can form this many single covalent bonds.
The repulsion between the bonds and the lone pairs causes them to separate as much as possible. 104.5° is the farthest the bonds and the lone pairs could be from one another.
H₂O has a bent molecular shape. Explain why its degree is 104.5°.
24 electrons
NO₃⁻ doesn't follow the rules for molecular geometry since it is an ionic bond with this many valence electrons?
1. Perchlorate 2. Chlorate 3. Chlorite 4. Hypochlorite 5. Cloride
Name each of these: 1. ClO₄⁻ 2. ClO₃⁻ 3. ClO₂⁻ 4. ClO⁻ 5. Cl⁻
26 Valence Electrons
PCl₃ has trigonal planar geometry involving this many valence electrons.
N₂O
The correct formula for dinitrogen monoxide.
Chloric Acid
The correct name for HClO₃.
Hydroiodic Acid
The correct name for HI.
Dinitrogen Trioxide
The correct name for N₂O₃.
Phosphorus Pentachloride
The correct name for PCl₅.
1.55
The electronegativity difference between aluminum chloride.
Covalent Bond
This type of bond exists between shared atoms.
Single Bond
This type of bond has the greatest strength.
Ionic Bond
This type of bond occurs when the electronegativity between 2 atoms is greater than 1.7.
Endothermic Reaction and Exothermic Reaction
What are two ways to break a bond?
-ic
What does -ate change to?
-ous
What does -ite change to?
Valence Electron Shell Pair Repulsion
What does VESPR stand for?
A condition that occurred more than one valid Lewis Structure can be written for a molecule or ion.
What is resonance?
H₃PO₄
What is the correct formula for phosphoric acid?
B₆Si
What is the formula for the covalent compound, hexaboron silicide?
P₄S₅
What is the formula for the covalent compound, tetraphoshorus pentasulfide?
Dioxide
What is the name for the covalent compound, O₂?
Phosphorus Acid
What is the name of the oxyacid, H₃PO₃?
Phosphoric Acid
What is the name of the oxyacid, H₃PO₄?
2 10 3 7 4 12 5 6 1 8 9 11
What is the number for each prefix? Di- Deca- Tri- Hepta- Tetra- Dodeca- Penta- Hexa- Mono- Octa- Nona- Hendeca-
1. mostly ionic 2. polar covalent 3. mostly covalent 4. nonpolar covalent
What kind of bond character do these have? 1. <1.7 2. 0.4-1.7 3. <0.4 4. 0
Linear
What kind of molecular shape does BeF₂ have?
Phosphorus
Which elements are the exception to the "more than 8 electron rule"? Example:PCl₅
Nitrogen
Which elements are the exception to the "odd number of electron rule"? Example:NO₂
Boron
Which elements are the exception to the "suboctet/coordinate covalent bond rule"? Example:BH₃
A triple bond is the strongest of the three, because a triple bond is shorter in length making it greater in strength.
Which kind of bond is the strongest: Single Bond, Double Bond, or Triple Bond? Why?
