Chemistry Chapter 1: Matter and Change Notes
Chemical changes take place by a _____________
chemical reaction
Periods are ______
horizontal rows
How is matter described?
through properties
True or false: Mixture can be spared using physical methods
true
Homogeneous are often referred to as _______
"solutions"
Pure matter are made up of
1 kind of substance
Impure matter are made up of ________
2 or more kinds of substances
End or Exo: Ice absorbs heat from the surroundings
Endothermic
Endo or Exo: The combustion of natural gas releases heat into the surroundings?
Exothermic
Is Chemistry a physical science?
Yes
Elements are represented by an __________
an atomic symbol on the Periodic Table
What is matter?
anything that has mass and takes up space (volume)
What are extensive properties?
are dependent pm the quantity of matter present (examples: mass, volume, etc.)
How is chemistry learned and used? (3 ways)
basic research, applied research, technological development
Describe the properties of metalloids:
blend of metal and nonmetal (hybrids) most are semiconductors
Malleable
can be hammered or pressed into sheets
What basic research?
carried out for the sake of increasing knowledge
What is applied research?
carried out to solve a problem
What are physical changes?
changes that do not alter the composition of the substances involved (examples: melting of ice, shredding of paper)
What are chemical changes?
changes that result in new substance(s)
What are chemical properties?
characteristics that describe how one substance can transform into another (examples: flammability, corrosion)
What are physical properties?
characteristics that identify a substance
Compounds are represented by a ________
chemical formula that indicates composition
What physical changes that can be used to indicate that a chemical change has occurred (4):
color change, formation of a gas, formation of a precipitate, and release/absorption of heat/light (energy)
Mixtures are________
combination of 2 or more different substances blended together
"Law of Conservation of Energy and Matter": The amount of energy and matter in the universe is _______
constant
Which 2 metals have color?
copper and gold only
What are the intensive properties?
do not depend on the quantity of matter present (examples: color, phase, boiling point, etc.)
Inert
do not react with other elements (snobs)
Ductile
drawn or stretched into a wire
Describe the properties of nonmetals:
dull color/colorless can be solid, liquid, or gas brittle (when solid) poor conductors of heat and electricity -> insulators
Pure matter are ________
elements and compounds
If energy is absorbed, the process is _________
endothermic
If energy is release, the process is ____________
exothermic
True or false: Energy is matter; but it is involved in all changes that matter undergoes
false
What are the 5 physical methods?
filtration, evaporation, chromatography, distillation, and centrifugation
Describe solids:
highly organized vibrational motion: fixed position definite shape definite volume
Elements and compounds are _________
homogeneous
Mixtures can be ____________
homogeneous and heterogeneous
What are suspensions?
homogeneous mixtures in which fine particles are "suspended" throughout
Each substance in the mixture retains its own ____________
identity and properties
What 2 kind physical properties?
intensive and extensive properties
Describe the properties of metals:
lustrous (reflect light) solids at rome temperature (except Mercury) malleable ductile good conductors of heat and electricity
Compounds are ________
matter composed of 2 or more different kinds of atoms that are bonded together = to make a single substance
Elements are __________
matter composed of only 1 kind of atom
Elements are arranged based on their properties. What are the 3 properties?
metals, metalloids, nonmetals
Impure matter are __________
mixtures
Describe plasma:
no organization charged particles
Describe liquid:
no organization vibrational and rotational motion no definite shape definite volume
Describe gas:
no organization vibrational, rotational, and translational motion no definite shape no definite volume
Describe Noble Gases:
nonmetals of group 18 all gases odorless colorless (unless when lit up) inert
Heterogeneous
not uniformly mixed
What are the 6 branches of chemistry?
organic, inorganic, biochemistry, physical, analytical, and theoretical
What are 8 forms of energy?
potential, kinetic, nuclear, thermal (heat), light, sound, electrical, and, magnetic
What technological development?
production of products that improve the quality of life
What comes out of a chemical reaction?
products
What are different types of matter?
pure and impure
What letter usually represents heat?
q
What goes in a chemical reaction?
reactants
Describe distillation:
separates liquid/liquid mixtures by using the differences in their boiling points
Describe paper chromatography:
separates mixtures of colored inks/dyes
Describe evaporation:
separates solid/liquid mixtures in which the solid is dissolved in the liquid
Describe filtration:
separates solid/liquids mixtures in which the solid is not dissolved in the liquid
Describe centrifugation:
separates suspensions by spinning them
What is a precipitate?
solid that forms from the reaction between solutions
What are the different phases of matter?
solid, liquid, gas, and plasma
The little numbers are_______
subscripts
What is analytical chemistry?
the identification of the composition of matter (examples: Answering the question "what is it?")
What is Chemistry? (5 things)
the study of matter, composition, structure, properties, and changes
What is organic chemistry?
the study of most Carbon-containing compounds (examples: CH little 4)
What is physical chemistry?
the study of properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy (molecular motion, phase changes, combustion)
What is biochemistry?
the study of substances and processes in living things (examples: photosynthesis, respiration, digestion)
What is inorganic chemistry?
the study of substances that are not organic (examples: metals, salts, elemental gases)
What is theoretical chemistry?
the use of math and computers to understand principles behind chemical behavior (examples: stoichiometry, model-building)
How is matter transformed?
through changes
True of false: When a chemical change occurs, the physical properties of the original substance(s) are changed, too!
true
True or False: Elements and Compounds are pure substances and, therefore, cannot be separated by physical methods. They require a nuclear change or a chemical change to break them down .
true
True or false: Mixtures are not chemically bonded
true
Homogeneous
uniform composition
In heterogeneous mixtures proportions ___________
vary
Groups are __________
vertical columns
What is mass?
weight
