Quiz 2: Chromosome Basis of Heredity
The stage on the first meiotic division when the homologous chromosomes move to opposite poles but the sister chromatids remain together.
Anaphase I
The stage in the second meiotic division where sister chromatids migrate to opposite poles
Anaphase II
The stage in the second meiotic division where the chromatid pair lines up at the equator of the cell
Metaphase II
A homologous pair of chromosomes is the chromosomes which influence the same genetic traits.
True
Crossing over occurs during tetrad formation.
True
W.S. Sutton proposed that the ___________ are located on _____________ and these factors segregate during _____________ and the production of gametes.
genetic factors, chromosomes, meiosis
One member of a pair of homologous chromosomes is present, such as in a gamete
haploid
Meiosis is associated with the:
haploid number of chromosomes, gamete cells
The presence of different genes on the same chromosome
linkage
Process of development of haploid female gametes
oogenesis
Genes which are carried on the X chromosome
sex-linked
In the male fruit fly, what sex chromosomes will be in his gametes and in what proportions?
1/2 Y and 1/2 X
Meiosis consists of __________ cell divisions with only one duplication of ____________. This division results in ________ daughter cells, each with _________ set of chromosomes. This division represents a reduction in chromosomes; that is, the diploid chromosome number of the parent cells is reduced to the ___________ number of the daughter cells.
2, chromosomes, 4, 1, haploid
All members of each species have the same number of chromosomes.
False
Somatic cells are haploid.
False
A tetrad is a paired, duplicated chromosome during Metaphase II.
False.
Oogenesis gives one large ovum and 3 small polar bodies, each being diploid. Spermatogenesis gives four equal sperm, each being haploid.
False.
The stage in the first meiotic division where the homologous chromosomes line up as a pair
Metaphase I
Meiosis is the process that results in the production of the haploid number of chromosomes.
True
Nondisjunction can occur in autosomes and sex chromosomes.
True
The sister chromatids separate and migrate to opposite poles at Anaphase II.
True
All ova contain sex chromosomes corresponding to:
X
A sex chromosome; in human males only one is present and in females two are present
X chromosome
A sex chromosome found in males; influencing the degree of maleness
Y chromosome
Somatic cells include:
all the cells of an organism except the gametes
Genes which are "linked" together:
are found on a particular chromosome
Since the X and Y chromosomes of humans are so different in the genes they carry, the reason men and women resemble each other in overall appearance is because most traits are on
autosome[s]
Any pair of chromosomes other than the sex chromosome
autosomes
A structure on the chromosome that holds a pair of chromatids together during replication
centromere
A double-stranded chromosome following replication attached by a centromere
chromatid
The behavior of chromosomes explains the inheritance of genes
chromosome theory
A condition where non-sister chromatid of homologous chromosomes exchange genes
crossing over
Both members of a pair of chromosomes are present
diploid
Finding an occasional vermillion-eyed female can be explained by the occurrence of an extra chromosome from the ____________ for the trait.
female
A proposed explanation for an observation which has not been experimentally tested
hypothesis
What promoted C.B.Bridges to research the phenomenon of nondisjunction?
irregular sex linked traits
Supported by the results on many experiments by a large number of investigations
law
Failure of chromosomes to segregate during the formation of gametes
nondisjunction
One of three small cells produced during oogenesis
polar body
The chromosomes which determine the sex of the individual
sex-chromosomes
The production of haploid male gametes by the male parent
spermatogenesis
A number of threadlike filaments formed between poles of the cell during cell division
spindle fibers
During metaphase I the two pairs of chromatids of the homologous pair of chromosomes comes together
tetrad
If the trait for height is designated as T=tall how would this sex-linked trait be understood as X t Y?
the "y" chromosome does not carry a gene for height, and the male shown would be recessive.
What is meant by homologous chromosomes?
the gene's alleles are found in matched chromosome pairs
The form of the hypothesis after it has been tested and found to be supported
theory
What is expected concerning the sex chromosomes of sperm?
they are all equal numbers of "X" and "Y."
As a result of nondisjunction, a female gamete may contain:
two sex chromosomes or no sex chromosomes.
If the F2 generation of red and white eyed flies were allowed to cross-breed, could a white-eyed female occur?
yes
The stage in the first meiotic division where the doubled chromosomes become visible
Prophase I
In the first meiotic division the cell divides into two cells
Telophase I
The stage of the second meiotic division when the cell divides into two cells with each being haploid
Telophase II