Chemistry Chapter3

Ionic compound

A bond that results from the transfer of electrons from one element to another.

How do ionic compounds react to water?

A great many ionic compounds are soluble in water. When an ionic compound dissolves in water, the ions are separated, and each anion and cation is surrounded by water molecules

How many electrons do anions gain?

By gaining one, two, or sometimes three electrons, an atom forms an anion with a completely filled outer shell of electrons.

How many electrons do cations lose?

By losing one, two, or three electrons, an atom forms a cation with a completely filled outer shell of electrons.

Name 4 polyatomic carbon ions

CO3-2, carbonate, HCO3-,hydrogen carbonate, CH3CO2-, acetate, CN-, cyanide

Where is Ca+ located specifically in the body?

Ca2+ is found mainly in solid body parts such as teeth and bones, but it is also needed for proper nerve conduction and muscle contraction, as is Mg2+.

In writing bonds which goes first?

Cation goes first followed by anion, make sure charges are considered by allowing for the correct amount of elements for each

Covalent bonds form between what element types?

Covalent bonds are formed when two nonmetals combine, or when a metalloid bonds to a nonmetal.

How are polyatomic ions held together?

Covalent bonds hold polyatomic ions together

What are two different cations for iron?

FE+2 and FE+3, FE+2 loses two electrons from the from the 4s orbital, FE+3 loses two electrons from the 4s and one electron from the 3d orbital

What other two ions are important in the body?

Fe2+ and Cl-,Fe2+ is essential for oxygen transport by red blood cells. Cl− is present in red blood cells, gastric juices, and other body fluids

What is the symbol for a Hydronium ion?

H3O+

Name 2 polyatomic cations?

H3O+, hydronium ion, and NH4+, the ammonium ion

Halogens form cations or anions and what charge do they have?

Halogens for anions with a -1 charge meaning they have an additional electron

A deficiency in Iodine can result in?

Insufficient thyroid hormone production. In an attempt to compensate, the thyroid gland may become enlarged, producing a swollen thyroid referred to as a goiter.

Ionic bonds form between what element types?

Ionic bonds form between a metal on the left side of the periodic table and a nonmetal on the right side.

What kind of solids are ionic compounds?

Ionic compounds are crystalline solids.

Where are the cations located in the body?

K+ and Mg2+ are present in high concentrations inside cells, while Na+ and Ca2+ are present in a higher concentration outside cells, in the extracellular fluids.

What type of element forms cations?

Metals form cations

What is the group number rule with cations/metals?

Metals form cations. For metals in groups 1A, 2A, and 3A, the group number = the charge on the cation. Group one has a +1 charge or loses an electron

Name 2 polyatomic nitrogen ions

NO3-, nitrate, NO2-, nitrite

What is added to toothpaste to prevent tooth decay?

NaF, Sodium Floride to prevent tooth decay.

What type of element forms anions?

Nonmetals form anions

What is the group number rule with anions/nonmetals?

Nonmetals form anions. For nonmetals in groups 5A, 6A, and 7A, the anion charge = 8 − (the group number). N in 5A would have a -3 charge or a gain of 3 electrons

Name 1 polyatomic oxygen ion

OH-, hydroxide

Name 3 polyatomic phosphorus ions

PO4-3, phosphate, HPO4-2, hydrogen phosphate, H2PO4-, dihydrogen phosphate

What is KCl? What is it used for?

Potassium Chloride, used for patients with low potassium levels

How to name anions?

Replace the end of the name with "ide"

Name 4 polyatomic sulfur ions

SO4-2, sulfate, HSO4-, hydrogen sulfate, SO3-2, Sulfite, HSO3-, hydrogen sulfite

What is it hard to change physical form of ionic compounds?

Since an ionic compound is held together by very strong electrostatic interactions, it takes a great deal of energy to separate the ions from each other.

What are the major cations in the human body?

The major cations in the body are Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+.

How to name cations?

The name of the metal is followed by ion. If there are multiple ions for the metal use the roman numeral of the charge in (), or "ous" for the cation with the lower charge and "ic" for the ion with the higher charge

What is the sum charge of an ionic compound?

The sum of the charges in an ionic compound must always be zero overall.

What do Sn, tin, and Pb, lead, have in common?

They both form cations of multiple charges, +2 and +4

What do transition metals form?

Transition metals form cations, however they have d orbitals that noble gases do not so they vary in their charge. Some have multiple ion arrangements.

How does one name a polyatomic ion?

Usually the suffix ends in "ate", "ite" is used for an anion with one fewer oxygen atom than the "ate", when two anions differ in the presence of hydrogen bi is added to the one with hydrogen.

What happens when an ionic compound is dissolved in water?

When an ionic compound dissolves in water, the resulting aqueous solution conducts an electric current.

When cations and anions have a different charge can they form?

Yes they still form but have a differing number to equal out the charge,

Polyatomic ion

a cation or anion that contains more than one atom

What are ions doing in losing or gaining electrons?

an atom of a main group element loses or gains electrons to obtain the electronic configuration of the noble gas closest to it in the periodic table.

Molecule

any atoms connected by chemical bonds, only covalent compounds are called molecules H2 and H2O are molecules, H2 is not a compound

What over the counter drug does CaCO3 make?

calcium carbonate makes tums

Aqueos solution

contains a substance dissolved in water

What happens to the electron configuration of the elements?

elements gain, lose, or share electrons to attain the electronic configuration of the noble gas closest to them in the periodic table.

70% of bones are made up of this complex ionic solid

hydroxyapatite, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2

Bonding

joining of two atoms in a stable arrangement

What over the counter drug does Mg(OH)2 make?

magnesium hydroxide makes milk of magnesia or antacid maalox

What over the counter drug does MgSO4

magnesium sulfate makes, laxative preparation

How to name ionic compounds whose cations never change in charge?

name the cation and then the anion. Do not specify the charge on the cation. Do not specify how many ions of each type are needed to balance charge.

Anions

negatively charged ions. An anion has more electrons than protons.

Cations

positively charged ions. A cation has fewer electrons than protons.

Where is Na+ located specifically in the body?

present in blood and extracellular bodily fluids and its concentration is carefully regulated through a number of mechanisms to maintain blood volume and blood pressure

Ionic bonds

result from the transfer of electrons from one electron to the other

Covalent bonds

results from sharing electrons between two atoms

How many electron orbitals in the different sub-shells?

s-1=2, p-3=6, d-5=10, f-7=14

Molecular formula

shows the number and identity of all atoms in a covalent bond

Why are ( ) used in polyatomic ions?

to group the elements together that make the ion and allow them to have multiple atoms (OH)2