Chemistry Exam 1 vocab and sh*t
Green chemistry principles:
-It's better to PREVENT WASTE than to treat or clean up the waste once it's formed. -It is better to USE LESS ENERGY.
4 gases that contribute to air pollution:
-carbon monoxide -Ozone -Nitrogen dioxide -sulfur dioxide
3 rules for naming compounds:
-the 2nd element ends in " - ide" - use prefixes to distinguish the number s of atoms in the chemical formulas -omit "mono" if there's only one atom for the first element in the chemical equation
molecule
2 or more atoms held together by chemical bonds in a certain arrangement
AQI
Air Quality Index; it indicates different levels of air pollution
shit found in the air we breathe
Nitrogen- 78% Oxygen- 21% Argon- 1% -carbon dioxide -water vapor
PM
Particulate matter, a mixture of tiny solid particles and microscopic liquid droplets
significant figure
a digit included (or excluded) to correctly represent the accuracy with which an experimental quantity is known.
microgram
a millionth of a gram
mixture
a physical combination of two or more pure substances present in variable amounts.
compound
a pure substance made up of 2 or more elements in a fixed characteristic chemical combination
chemical equation
a representation of a chemical equation using chemical formulas
PM(2.5)
a subset of PM(10) that includes particles with an average diameter of 2.5 mm or less.
chemical formula
a symbolic way to represent the elementary composition of a substance
carcinogenic
capable of causing cancer
coalescent
chemicals added to soften the latex particles in paint, so that these particles spread to form a continuous film of uniform thickness!
nonmetal
don't conduct heat or electricity and have NO characteristic appearances
metalloids
elements that lie between metals and nonmetals on the periodic table and do not fall into any other category
Law of conservation of matter and mass
in a chemical reaction, matter and mass are conserved.
element
one of the 100 pure substances in our world from which compounds are formed
PM(10)
particulate matter that includes particles with an average diameter of 10 micrometers or less
Metal
shiny and conduct electricity, heat well
atom
smallest unit of an element, that can exist as a stable, independent entity
ambient air
the air surrounding us, usually meaning the outside air
Exposure
the amount of the substance encountered
combustion
the chemical process of burning, a rapid combination of fuel with oxygen to release energy in the form of heat and light.
Toxicity
the intrinsic health hazard of a substance
troposphere
the lower region of the atmosphere in which we live, that lies directly above the surface of the earth
Risk assessment
the process of evaluating scientific data and making predictions in an organized manner about the probabilities of an outcome
green chemistry
types of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use or generation of hazardous substances
chemical reaction
when reactants are transformed into different substances called products
