Chemistry Exam
Which of the following gases will effuse the most rapidly? a) bromine b) chlorine c) ammonia d) hydrogen
d) hydrogen due to its LOW MOLAR MASS
Boyle's law
for a given mass of gas at constant temperature, the volume of the gas varies inversely with pressure
The pressure of a gas in a container is 152 mm Hg. This is equivalent to ________.
0.2atm equation: 152mm Hg x 1 atm / 760 mm Hg
surface tension
inward force tending to minimize surface area of a liquid
Surface tension is the...
inward force which tends to minimize the surface area of a liquid
What type of compound is always an electrolyte?
ionic
body-centered
ions are arranged at the corners of the imaginary cube and in the center of the cube
simple cubic
ions are arranged at the corners of the imaginary cube...
Crystals are characterized by particular patterns that repeat in how many dimensions?
three dimensions only
Standard conditions when working with gases are defined as...
0 degrees C and 101.3 kPa
What is one standard atmosphere of pressure in kilopascals?
101.3 kPa
What is the pressure when a liquid is boiling at its normal boiling point?
101.3 kPa
If the volume of a container of air is reduced by one-half,what happens to the partial pressure of oxygen within the container?
It is doubled.
In dynamic equilibrium between the liquid state and the gas state, what is true about the rate of evaporation?
It is equal to the rate of condenstaion
How does the surface tension of water compare with the surface tensions of most other liquids?
It is higher.
With which temperature scale is temperature directly proportional to average kinetic energy?
Kelvin
Why does a liquids rate of evaporation increase when the liquid is heated?
More molecules have enough energy to overcome the attractive forces holding them in the liquid
ideal gas law
P x V = n x R x T
How does the atmospheric pressure at altitudes below sea level compare with atmospheric pressure at sea level?
The atmospheric pressure below sea level is higher
What happens to the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter as the temperature of the sample is increased?
The average kinetic energy increases
If 4 moles of gas are added to a container that already holds 1 mole of gas, how will the pressure change inside the container?
The pressure will be five times higher
What happens to the temperature of a gas when it is compressed?
The temperature increases
Why does the pressure inside a container of gas increase if more gas is added to the container?
There is an increase in the number of collisions between particles and the walls of the container
barometer
a device used to measure atmospheric pressure
Which symbol is used to connect the formula of the compound with the number of water molecules in a hydrate?
a dot
compressibility
a measure of how much the volume of matter decreases under pressure
vapor pressure
a measure of the force exerted by a gas above a liquid
Water vapor is an example of...
a phase
crystal
a solid in which the particles are arranged in an orderly, repeating pattern
amorphous solid
a solid that lacks an ordered internal structure
Which of the following substances is the most soluble in water? a) sodium chloride b) methane c) bromine d) carbon
a) sodium chloride (NaCl)
The average kinetic energy of water molecules is greatest in... a) steam at 100 degrees C b) liquid water at 373 K c) liquid water at 90 degrees C d) ice at 0 degrees C
a) steam at 100 degrees C
kinetic theory
all matter consists of tiny particles that are in constant motion
According to the kinetic theory, collisions between molecules in a gas...
are perfectly elastic
Dalton's law
at constant volume and temperature, the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases.
Which of the following substances is NOT an electrolyte? a) KCl b) CCl4 c) LiCl d) Na2SO4
b) CCl4
Which one of these would you predict to be soluble in the nonpolar solvent carbon disulfide, CS2? a) H20 b) CI4 c) NaCl d) Sns2
b) CI4
What instrument is normally used to measure atmospheric pressure?
barometer
How are conditions of pressure and temperature, at which two phases coexist in equilibrium, shown on a phase diagram?
by a line separating the phases
Predict which of the following compounds would be insoluble in water. a) NaCl b) HCI c) CF4 d) CuSO4
c) CF4
brownian motion
chaotic motion of colloidal particles
emulsion
colloid of a liquid in a liquid
dispersed phase
colloidal particles spread throughout a suspension
weak electrolyte
compound that ionizes incompletely in aqueous solution
electrolyte
compound that will conduct current in the liquid state or in aqueous solution
Which of the following statements is part of the kinetic theory? a) The particles of a gas move independently of each other. b) The particles of a gas are relatively far apart c) The particles in a gas move rapidly d) all of the above
d) all of the above The particles of a gas move independently of each other. The particles of a gas are relatively far apart The particles in a gas move rapidly
Which of the following compounds is a nonelectrolyte? a) sodium bromide b) magnesium sulfate c) copper chloride d) carbon tetrachloride
d) carbon tetrachloride
Which of the following compounds is a strong electrolyte? a) ammonia b) acetic acid c) sugar d) potassium sulfate
d) potassium sulfate
Which of the following compounds is an electrolyte? a) rubbing alcohol b) sugar c) carbon tetrachloride d) sodium hydroxide
d) sodium hydroxide
The combined gas law relates which of the following? a) pressure and volume only b) temperature and pressure only c) volume and temperature only d) temperature, pressure, and volume
d) temperature, pressure, and volume
Most solids are...
dense and difficult to compress
In general, for a gas at a constant volume, the pressure of a gas is
directly proportional to its temperature in kelvins
The average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance is...
directly proportional to the temperature of the substance
solute
dissolved particle
solvent
dissolving medium
Which states of matter can flow?
gases and liquids only
Under what conditions of temperature and pressure is the behavior of real gases most like that of ideal gases?
high temperature and low pressure
aqueous solution
homogeneous mixture of water and dissolved substances
What causes water's low vapor pressure?
hydrogen bonding
What is primarily responsible for the surface tension of water?
hydrogen bonding
The fact that ice is less dense than water is related to the fact that...
ice has molecular structure that is an open framework held together by hydrogen bonds
Which law can be used to calculate the number of moles of a contained gas?
ideal gas law
How do crystal systems differ?
in the angles between between faces and the number of edges of equal length
surfactant
interferes with hydrogen bonding between water molecules
What is the key difference between a liquid and a gas?
intermolecular attractions
If a balloon is heated, what happens to the pressure of the air inside the balloon if the volume remains constant?
it increases
If a balloon is heated, what happens to the volume of the air in the balloon if the pressure is constant?
it increases
The volume of a gas is doubled while the temperature is held constant. How does the gas pressure change?
it it reduced by one half
The normal boiling point of chloroform, which has a higher vapor pressure than water at 100 degrees C, is...
lower than the normal boiling point of water
colloid
mixture in which particle size averages between 1 nm and 1000 nm
suspension
mixture in which particle size averages greater that 1000 nm in diameter
When the Kelvin temperature of an enclosed gas doubles, the particles of the gas...
move faster.
What does the ideal gas law allow a scientist to calculate that the other gas laws do not?
number of moles
If the atmospheric pressure on Mt. Everest is one-third the atmospheric pressure at sea level, the partial pressure of oxygen on Everest is...
one-third its pressure at sea level
What is the SI unit of pressure?
pascal
Tyndall effect
phenomenon observed when beam of light passes through a colloid
Particles in gas are best described as...
small, hard spheres with insignificant volumes
phase diagram of water
solid, liquid, vapor, normal boiling and melting points, triple points, critical point
solvation
solute ions or molecules are surrounded by solvent molecules
What is the term for the dissolving medium in a solution?
solvent
What occurs in solvation?
solvent molecules surround solute ions
diffusion
tendency of molecules to move to regions of lower concentration
sublimation
the change of a solid directly to a vapor
vaporization
the conversion of a liquid to a gas below the boiling point
kinetic energy
the energy an object has due to its motion
effusion
the escape of gas through a small hole in a container
What happens to the pressure of a gas inside a container if the temperature of the gas decreases?
the pressure decreases
Gay-Lussac's law
the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its kelvin temperature if the volume is kept constant
atmospheric pressure
the pressure resulting from the collision of atoms and molecules with objects
If the volume of a container of gas is reduced, what will happen to the pressure inside the container?
the pressure will increase
Graham's law
the rate at which a gas will effuse is inversely proportional to the square root of the gas's molar mass
unit cell
the smallest group of particles within a crystal that retains the shape of the crystal
melting point
the temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid
normal boiling point
the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to 1 atmosphere
boiling point
the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the external pressure
Charles's law
the volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature, if the pressure is kept constant
Why is a gas easier to condense than a liquid or a solid?
the volume of a gas's particles is small compared to the overall volume of the gas
face-centered
there are ions at the corners and in the center of each face of the imaginary cube
allotropes
two or more different molecular forms of an element in the same physical state
evaporation
vaporization at the surface of a liquid that is not boiling
