Chemistry Final
The mass of a molecule is found by
adding the masses of all the atoms in a the molecule
what is the apparent charge on the chlorine ago in the molecule HCI
-1
What is the empirical formula for C3H6O3
...
An element that has the electron configuration of [Ne] 3s2 3p5 is in period
3
What is the percentage of iron in iron (III) chloride, FeCl3? The molar mass of FeCl3 is 162.2 g/mol
34.43%
One mole of potassium atoms has a mass of
39.10 g
In a crystal of sodium chloride, how many oppositely- charged ions does each Na and Cl ions have clustered around it
6
An element that is [Ne] 3s2 3p5 is in group
7
How many total moles of atoms are there in one mole of silver (I) phosphate, Ag3PO4
8
What is the correct formula for zinc hydroxide, Zn(OH)2
99.41 amu
What is the empirical formula for benzene, C6H6
C3H3
Formula for copper(II) carbonate
CuCO3
One of the least electronegative elements would be found on the periodic table in
Group 1, Period 7
An element with the smallest anionic radius would be found on the periodic table in
Group 17, Period 2
Nonmetallic elements in group 17 that react with most metals form
Halogens
statement that no two electrons in the same atom can have the same four quantum numbers is a restatement of
Hunds rule
what is the molecular formula for the compound with an empirical formula for NO2, and a formula mass of 92.02 amu
N2O4
What is the empirical formula for a compound that contains 1.18 mol Na, 1.18 mol N, and 3.53 mol O
NaNo3
formula for sodium hydroxide
NaOH
Formula for tin (IV) Sulfide
SnS2
the arrangement of valence electrons in a metallic bond is best described as
a sea of free-moving electrons
A Covalent bond consists of
a shared electron pair
Because strong attractive forces hold the layers in an ionic crystal in relatively fixed positions, ionic compounds
are hard, brittle, and not electrical conductors as solids
The salts NaCl(s) and CaCl2(s)
are held together by ionic bonds
Atoms seldom exist as independent particles in nature because
atoms are more stable when they combine with other atoms
NaCl is
both an empirical formula and a chemical formula
Metals are malleable because when struck, one plane of metal atoms
can slide past another plane without breaking bonds
Across a periodic table, atoms radii
decreases
You can estimate the degree to which a bond between two atoms is ionic or covalent by calculating the
difference in the atoms electronegative
Chemical bonding in metals is
different from ionic or covalent bonding
The measure of an atoms ability to attract electrons is its
electronegativity
The smallest whole number ratio of atoms of each element, com pined in the simplest unit of a chemical compound is known as
empirical formula
Measure of Metallic bond strength
enthalpy of vaporization
For any molecule, formula unit, or ion, the sum of the adverse atomic masses of all the atoms represented in a formula are
formula mass
The atomic radius of an atom that is chemically bonded to an identical atom is equal to
half the distance between the nuclei
Compared with solid ionic compounds, solid molecular compounds generally
have lower melting points
Atoms with a strong attraction for electrons they share with another atoms exhibit
high electronegativity
If two covalently bonded atoms move close than a distance of the bond length, the potential energy of the atoms
increase
down a periodic table atomic radii
increases
2.0-3.3
ionic
Ionic bonds form as a result of electrostatic attraction between
ions
name for Fe(NO2)3
iron (III) nitrate
A compounds molar mass is numerically equal to
its formula mass
What is the empirical formula for a compound that contains 83.01% K and 16.98% O by mass
k5O
An ionic compound is not represented by a molecular formula because an ionic compound
lacks molecules
The energy released when one mole of an ionic crystalline solid is formed from ions in the gas state is known as
lattice energy
Result of Visible light absorbed by metal
light at a frequency similar to the absorbed frequency is emitted
compared with the energies of neutral atoms that form the ions, a crystal lattice has
lower potential energy
name for Mg(ClO4)2
magnesium perchlorate
Separating unpaired electrons into as many orbitals as possible
minimizes the repulsion between electrons
Which statement shows how to correctly convert from the mass of a compound in grams to the amount of that compound in moles.
molar mass X 1/mass = amount (moles)
The Valance electrons in a metallic bond
move freely throughout the network of metal atoms
If two covalently bonded atoms are identical the bond is identified as
non polar covalent
Atoms that are bonded with an electronegativity difference of 0 to 0.3 are generally considered to be
nonpolar- covalent compounds
The chemical bond between atoms results from the attraction between the valence electrons and
nuclei
In a double covalent bond
one atom loses a pair of electrons
Within a metal, the vacant orbitals in the atoms' outer energy levels
overlap
0.4-1.9
polar covalent
A charged group of covalently bonded atoms is known as
polyatomic
When an atom completely gives up its valence electrons to another atom, they form a bond that is considered to be
purely ionic
The arrangement of ions in a crystal structure and the strengths of the attractions between them vary with the
sizes of the ions, charges of ions, numbers of ions of dif. charges.
What is responsible for the good electrical conductivity of metals
the ability of electrons to move freely about the crystal structure
Some ionic compounds do not dissolve in water because
the attractions between the water molecules and the ions are not as strong as the attractions between the ions
What other information do you need in order to determine the molecular formula from the empirical formula of a compound
the number of moles in a compound
The percentage composition of a compound
the percentage by mass of each element in the compound
Bond length between two bonded atoms is
the separation at which their potential energy is minimum
An element found in groups 3-12 of the periodic table are classified as
transition metals
An electron that is in the highest energy level of an atom and determines the atoms chemical properties
valance electrons
Elements in group 18 have
very low reactivity
