Chemistry Final (True/False)
Arrhennius acids produce OH- ions
False
Entropy has units of kJ/mol.
False; enthalpy has these units
You cannot predict the direction of equilibrium by determining the reaction quotient, Q, and comparing it to the equilibrium constant, K.
False.
"Heat" is a reactant in an endothermic reaction
True
A cation that is the counter ion of a strong base is pH neutral
True
A large pKa will result in a weaker acid
True
A negative sign for DeltaH indicates that the reaction is exothermic.
True
A nonspontaneous process will always occur when DeltaH is positive and Delta S is negative.
True
A nonspontaneous process will thermodynamically favor the reactants.
True
Acidity of oxyacids increases to the right across a period.
True
An endothermic reaction has a positive enthalpy of reaction
True
Aqueous solutions contain both H3O+ and OH- ions
True
Catalysts used to slow a reaction are called negative catalysts.
True
Concentrated acids may have a negative pH
True
Equilibrium can be predicted by utilizing to calculate free energy at non-standard conditions.
True
Equilibrium favors the left direction is K is less than 1.
True
Increasing temperature of a given reaction increases the kinetic energy of the molecules.
True
Increasing the temperature of a given reaction increases the kinetic energy of the molecules.
True
Kp is the equilibrium constant in regards to partial pressure.
True
Lewis bases are electron pair donors
True
Removing a reactant from a chemical equation in equilibrium will cause the reaction to shift left.
True
Spontaneous processes are irreversible
True
Strong acids donate practically all of their protons
True
Table salt, NaCl(s), dissolving in water will be an increase in entropy.
True
The absolute entropy of substances is always positive.
True
The activated complex is a temporary species formed by the reactant molecules as a result of the collision before they form the product.
True
The activated complex is the chemical species with partially formed and partially broken bonds.
True
The exchange of energy can be observed between the system and the surroundings.
True
The first law of thermodynamics states that the energy in the universe is conserved.
True
The frequency factor is the number of times that the reactant molecules will collide with one another to begin forming new bonds and breaking old bonds.
True
The law of mass action describes the equilibrium expression.
True
The rate determining step is the slow step.
True
The rate of a reaction is a measure of how fast the reaction makes products or uses reactants.
True
The rate of a zero order reaction is independent of the concentration of the reactants.
True
The transition state is the chemical species with partially formed and partially broken bonds.
True
The value of the equilibrium constant is independent of the initial amounts of the reactants and products.
True
When a strong acid is added to a buffer solution, the pH of the solution goes down slightly.
True
If the activation energy barrier is low then only a few reactant molecules in a sample may have enough energy to reach the transition state.
False
If the reaction quotient, Q, is equal to zero then the chemical reaction only contains reactants.
False
If you reverse a chemical equation, you must change the sign of the equilibrium constant.
False
In a Lewis-Acid reaction, the acid donates a pair of electrons to the base to form a covalent bond.
False
In a buffer solution, adding base will increase the acid concentration and decrease the base concentration.
False
Increases temperature decreases the activation energy
False
Increasing the temperature of a reaction will decrease the activation energy.
False
Molecules tend to react faster than ions
False
Reaction intermediates are found in the overall chemical reaction.
False
Strong acids are weak electrolytes
False
Stronger attraction means the stronger the acid or base
False
The conjugate base of HClO2 is H2ClO2
False
The entropy change on melting is always negative.
False
The larger the molar mass, the smaller the entropy.
False
The lower the percent ionization, the stronger the acid.
False
Heat is one way in which energy flows.
True
Homogenous catalysts react with a reactant molecule to help form a more stable activated complex.
True
If the change in moles (DeltaN) = 0, then Kc=Kp
True
In a reaction mechanism with a fast initial step, the rate determining step may contain intermediates.
True
In chemical kinetics, small molecules tend to react faster than large molecules.
True
For a process where the final condition is more random than the initial condition, DeltaS(system) is negative
False
A chemical reaction that has 3 reactant particles is said to be trimolecular.
False
A larger Ka value results in a stronger conjugate base
False
A negative sign for DeltaS(rxn) indicates that the reaction will definitely be spontaneous.
False
HBrO3 is less acidic than HBrO4
True
The farther the equilibrium position lies toward the products, the stronger the base or the acid.
True
The following reaction is spontaneous at standard state conditions at 25 degrees Celsius: 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) YIELDS C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g) DeltaG = 2900kJ
True
The higher the pH, the more the basic the solution
True
The stronger the base, the larger the Kb value
True
What is lost by the surroundings is also gained by the system.
True
When DeltaG is positive, the reaction will be spontaneous in the reverse direction and K<1.
True
When a reaction has a fast initial step, the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction.
True
A nonspontaneous process can occur if work is done on the system. When this happens, the 2nd law of thermodynamics is violated.
False
Acids produce conjugate acids
False
Adding an inert gaseous reactant to a reaction mixture will increase its partial pressure and cause the equilibrium to shift right.
False
Adding heat to an endothermic reaction will result in an increase in the value of the equilibrium constant, K.
False
As the temperature increases in a chemical reaction, the rate will ultimately decrease.
False
Catalysts are made in an early mechanism step and consumed in a later step.
False
Elementary steps can be broken down into simpler steps.
False
Entropy change is favorable when the result is a more ordered system.
False
The exponent on each reaction in a rate law is determined by the coefficients in the chemical equation.
False
The higher the energy barrier, the higher the number of molecules that have sufficient energy to overcome it.
False
The pH of the salt, LiNO2 is neutral
False
The rate depends on the concentration of the products.
False
The rate law can be predicted from the overall reaction
False
The rate law cannot be determined from the balanced equation of an elementary step.
False
When the equilibrium constant, K, is 1, then DeltaG(rxn) will be negative.
False