Chemistry II-chapter 1 study guide
Is not allowed to change during an experiment
A constant is a factor that
Standard for comparison
A control is a
Tentative explanation of operations
A hypothesis is a
Visual verbal and mathematical explanation of how things occur
A model is a
Explanation supported by many experiments
A theory is a
Model
Based on their data, Molina and Rowland developed a _______ that explained how CFC'S destroyed the ozone.
carbon, fluorine, and chlorine
CFC's are made up of what 3 things?
toxic refrigerants
CFC's were developed as replacements for_______.
atmosphere, troposphere, stratosphere, ozone
Earth's ________ is made up of several layers. The air we breathe makes up the lowest level. this layer is called the __________. The next layer up is called the ________. This level contains a protective _______ layer.
applied research
Is undertaken to solve a specific problem
Applied research
Is used to find CFC replacements
Chlorine
Molina and Rowland concluded that _______ formed by the breakdown of CFC'S in the stratosphere reacts with ozone and destroys it.
Ozone
Molina and Rowland thought that these interactions produced a chemical that could break down ______.
Model
Molina and Rowland used a _______ to learn about CFC's in the atmosphere
Pure research
Seeks to gain knowledge for the sake of knowledge itself
ultraviolet radiation
Their hypothesis was that CFC'S break down in the stratosphere due to interactions with ________.
Hypothesis
To test their _________, Molina and Rowland examined interactions that occur in the stratosphere.
false
True or False: CFC's usually react readily with other chemicals.
Pure research
Was conducted by molina and Rowland
weight
a measurement includes the effect of earths gravitational pull on the object being measured.
independent variable
a variable controlled by the experimenter
synthetic
all CFC's are ______ chemicals.
CFC
another name for a chloroflourocarbon
matter
anything that has mass and takes up space
dependent variable
changes in value based on the value of the controlled variable
the macroscopic world is large enough to be seen with out a microscope. the submicroscopic world is too small to even be seen with a microscope
compare the macroscopic world to the submicroscopic world:
radio, car, flashlight, human body, textbook, and air
examples of things made of matter:
light, radio wave, magnetic field, feeling, heat, and thought
examples of things not made of matter:
scientific law
facts of nature accepted as truth
theory
hypothesis supported by many experiments
mass
measurement that reflects the amount of matter
biochemistry
metabolism
inorganic chemistry
minerals
oxygen gas, ultraviolet radiation, ozone hole
ozone forms when _______ is struck by ultraviolet radiation in the upper part of the stratosphere.The ozone forms a layer around earth, which absorbs ___________. Without ozone, you are more likely o get a sunburn or possibly skin cancer. The thinning of the ozone layer, called the ________, is worrisome because without ozone all organisms on Earth are subject to harm from too much radiation.
organic chemistry
plastics
analytical chemistry
quality control
physical chemistry
reaction mechanisms
quantitative data
refers to mass, volume, and temperature measurements
qualitative data
refers to physical characteristics such as color, odor, or shape
mass
scientist measure the amount of matter in terms of _____.
weight
subtle differences in _____ exist at different locations on earth.
hypothesis
testable statement or prediction
weight
the ______ of an object can vary with the objects location.
observation
the act of gathering information
technology
the practical use of scientific information
organic chemistry
the study of carbon-containing chemicals
biochemisrty
the study of matter and processes of living things
chemistry
the study of matter and the changes it undergoes
inorganic chemistry
the study of matter that doesn't contain organic chemicals
physical chemistry
the study of the behavior and changes of matter and the related energy changes
analytical chemistry
the study of the components and composition of substances
pure research and see what it is related too
what do scientists usually do when a scientific problem first arises?
loose draping clothing, dangling jewelry, and no sandals
what kinds of clothing should not be worn in the lab?
before you pick up the container, when the container is in your hand, and when you put the bottle back
when should you read the label on a chemical container?
chemists seek to explain the submicroscopic events that lead to macroscopic observations
why are chemists interested in the submicroscopic description of matter?
weight, weight
your____ on the moon would be smaller than your _____ on earth.