Chemistry test 1

Chemical formula

A ____ ____ tells you how the compound is aligned?

Vapor, steam out of tea pot

A ____ is usually a liquid at room temperature, but becomes a gas when heated past it's boiling point? Ex.

Solution

A _____ is a homogeneous mixture of liquids?

Formula

A chemical _____ tells you how a compound is made up?

A transfer of energy (a log burning), a change in color, the production of a gas, the formation of a precipitate

A chemical change can be recognized by 1. Ex.? 2. 3. 4.?

Chemical reaction

A chemical change occurs with a _____ _____?

Unique properties, oil & vinegar

A mixture has a phase in which the different substances in a mixture will still demonstrate their own _____ ___? Ex.?

Equivalent, 1000

A pascal is ____ to Newtons/meter squared? ____ pascals make up a kilopascal?

Room temperature

A true gas stays in the gaseous state at ____ _____?

-273, Bose-Einstein condensate

Albert Einstein's mathematics predicted that at the extreme cold at _____ degrees Celsius that all the atoms in a sample would act as if they were one particle? Essentially all motion would stop? This is called..?

Sublimation

An endothermic change of a solid turning into a gas or vapor without turning into a liquid first?

Deposition

An exothermic change when a vapor or gas turns into a solid without turning into a liquid first?

Condensation

An exothermic process where had or vapor turns into a liquid state?

Liquids, crowded hallway constant friction slows down and lessens kenergy

Atoms in _____ have more kinetic energy than in solids and can move throughout the sample? Ex.?

Vibration x2 state

Atoms in solids are in constang motion but the motion is a _____ ______ where the atoms nexg to eachother ____ back and forth in relation to one another, but do not change their locations?

Gases

Atoms of ____ are free to move at high speeds, and have a greater kinetic energy because they are not densely packed together?

Negligible

Because gases are not densely packed together, the attractive forces between gases are _____?

Kinetic, this is why we can smell bread baking

Because of their high _____ state, gases diffuse rapidly mixing with other gases as they move rapidly to expand into their container? Ex.?

That the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to it's pressure if the temperature and gas concentration is constant?

Boyle's law states:

That the volume of gas is directly proportional to it's temperature in Kelvins if the pressure and particles of gas are kept constant?

Charles law states:

Physical, water to ice

Compounds can also undergo _____ changes, but this change alone doesn't alter the chemical property of a substance? Ex.?

Broken down

Compounds can be _____ ____ chemically to the basic elements, but the elements can't be broken down any farther without loosing it's properties?

Properties, hydrogen & water

Compounds have different _____ than their individual elements? Ex.?

Water

Crystalline solids can usually dissolve in ____?

Physical

Dissolving a solid solute into a solvent is _____ chemistry?

Composition

During a chemical change the _____ of matter always changes into another chemical form with it's own chemical properties?

Energy

During a phase change ____ is either absorbed or released?

Color, weight, & texture

Each uniform substance will appear to be the same ____ ___ ____ and will have the same properties?

Chemical symbols & formulas

Elements and compounds are identifies by their _____ ____& _____?

2

Elements and compounds have __ types of characteristic properties?

Intensive properties

Every sample of a uniform sample has identical ____ _____because every sample is made the same and contains the same materials?

Temperature

For most substances solubility increases with ____?

Pressure

Gases can be compressed under _____?

Loosely

Gases have ____ packed density of atoms?

One direction

Gases move in ____ ____ at high speeds until they either collide with another gas atom or hit the sides of a container or other solid object?

Saturation curves

Gives you a good idea on how well temperature may affect certain substances?

Liquids

Have a definite volume depending in the size of the solid container but no definite shape?

1 because you cannot distinguish one part of the mixture from another

Homogeneous phases have _ phase(s)?

Mixture

If similar material can vary in into constituent components, it is called a ____?

Substance

If the composition of a material is fixed it is called a _____?

Product, equal x2

If you start with a set amount of mass reacting in a chemical reaction the total amount of mass of the _____ is ____ to the amount of mass that started originally in the reaction or the mass of the total amount of ____\ is available to be formed plus the left over reactants will ____ the initial starting mass?

Plasma & Bose/Einstein

In addition to the solid, liquid, and gaseous states of matter there are 2 other states of matter that exist only in extreme environments and they are?

Less densely

Liquid atoms are ____ ____ packed, which allows the liquid to flow?

Lava

Liquid rock?

Compressed, car stopping when brakes are hit

Liquids can be slightly more _____ than solids? And because of liquids nature the ____ transmits uniform pressure throughout? Ex:

Slightly

Liquids can expand _____ when heated?

Solid, liquid, gas

Matter is described as being in the various states of being a ____ ___ or a ____?

Electric charge

Passing an _____ _____ through water can separate oxygen & hydrogen into a gas again?

Reversible

Phase changes are _____ physical changes that occur when a substance changes from one state to another?

Reversible

Physical changes can be ______ depending on the energy state? Freezing water into ice, boiling water into steam vapor can be ____ by removing heat or cold?

Environment

Physical changes to a substance can occur when there is a change in the _______? Such as: introducing heat, cold, light, pressure, or a combination of these?

Elements

Pure substances made up of only one type of atom?

Decanting, freezing, filtration, & distillation

Scientists can separate mixtures of substances by several methods which are?

Chemical & physical

Sodium chloride is a fixed substance with both _____ & ______ properties?

Densely packed

Solid materials have atoms arranged in a _____ _____ configuration?

Compress, heated

Solids are hard to ____ because of the relative density of the atom alignment in the solid structure and expand in volume only slightly when _____?

3 dimensional, kinetic energy

Solids have a definite volume and shape because the atoms line up in a fixed ____ ___ structure? But the ____ ____ in solid substances is not enough to cause the solid atoms to move freely in relation to one another?

Elements, compounds

Substances are classified by either _____ or ______?

Kinetic theory

The ____ ____ states that all particles of matter are in constant motion?

Attractive

The ____ forces between the atoms of a liquid are balanced out by the kinetic movement of the atoms? & this is why liquid can flow but while keeping a definite volume?

Product

The ____ from a reaction of 2 or more elements is fundamentally different from the parent elements that made the compound with it's own chemical properties?

Temperature

The _____ of a substance doesn't change during a phase change until the phase change has been completed?

Combined gas law

The formulas of Boyle's and Charles laws can be combined into a _____ ____ ___?

Particles of gas are in constant random motion, the motion of one particle is unaffected by another unless they collide with another particle of gas or solid object, and forces of attraction between gases can be ignored for purposes of scientific observation at standard temperature and pressure except extreme cold & pressure bc when it is slowed down too much and loses too much kinetic energy it turns into a liquid

The kinetic theory for gases states that ...?

Millions

The pressure of _____ of atoms constantly colliding with the walls of it's container, therefore anything that increases the concentration of the gas increases the gases energy which will increase the gases pressure?

Chemical compounds

The product of two or more elements joining together?

92

There are __ naturally occurring elements?

Mixtures, salad

What are physical blends of 2 or more components? Ex.?

Density, melting point, physical state, and the purity of the sample

What are some examples of intensive properties?

Elements

What are the simplest form of matter that has it's own unique set of properties?

Extensive & intensive

What can matter be described by (as)

A compound

What contains 2 or more elements?

The atomic number

What depicts the amount of protons in an atom?

Relative atomic mass

What depicts the average mass of all the protons, electrons, and neutrons in an element taking account of all the isotopes of the element?

They depend in the amount of matter that you have in a sample

What does the extensive properties depend on?

That the total amount of mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction

What does the law of conservation of mass state?

The basic unit of force called a Newton

What is a paschal derived from

A product

What is a substance that is produced in a reaction?

A reactant

What is a substance that occurs at the start of a reaction?

All the golf balls manufactured on an assembly line

What is an example of a uniform substance?

Burning a log

What is an example of an irreversible change?

Miscible

What is it called when 2 liquids can dissolve into one another?

Immiscible

What is it called when 2 liquids cannot dissolve into one another?

A substance

What is matter that has a uniform and definite composition called?

Plasma

What is matter that under very high temperatures flows in a stream as the electrons are stripped from the atoms and the protons and neutrons flow together in a highly charged state that lies between a liquid and a gas?

Paschal units

What is pressure measured in?

Chemical property

What is the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change?

1600 km per hour

What is the average speed of gas particles at standard temperature and pressure?

Viscosity

What is the measure of the resistance to liquid flow?

Filtration

What method can separate solids from liquids?

Freezing

What method can separate substances due to the fact that substances have unique _____ points?

Distillation, alcohol for constipation and medical use

What method can take advantage of different boiling points of homogeneous solutions so that the liquid that the solute is dissolved in can be separated into their separate components? Ex.?

Decantation, oil & water

What method is the pouring off of the top layer of 2 separated liquids? Ex.?

Freezing

What occurs as energy is lost in the form of heat being given off? When this happens the atoms align with one another and take on the characteristics of a solid with the atoms vibrating next to eachother?

A Chemical change, electricity, light, heat, or radiation

What occurs when a compound of one substance reacts to for another substance? It can occur from a reaction of 2 or more elements coming together or from a compound having energy introduced to it in the form of _____, _____, ______, or ____?

Vaporization

What occurs when an endothermic phase change turns liquids to gaseous vapor? Different liquids have different heats of ______ which can be used to differentiate the liquids during experimentation.

Melting

What occurs when energy is absorbed, and an endothermic phase change occurs? When this happens the atoms gain energy, and resume their random movement as a liquid?

Heterogeneous, soup

What type of mixtures do not have the substances of the mixture evenly distributed throughout? Ex.?

Salt water, metal alloys

What type of mixtures have an even distribution of the substances throughout? Ex.?

Chemical change

When 2 or more elements join together?

Evaporation

When the surface of a liquid absorbs enough ambient energy to then the molecules on the surface from liquid to vapor? This occurs slower than boiling or vaporization because the energy is not being directly added to the liquid and only occurs on surfaces.

Boiling

When you take a liquid and add energy {endothermic} to create a release of vapor? Every liquid has a ____ point.

In the sun during the fusion reaction that emits light & heat

Where is an example of plasma found?

...

You must increase the ____ or ____ of the solvent in order to get the saturation point to change and allow more solute to dissolve into the solvent?

Volume

____ of a solvent also affects solubility? The more of this you have of the solvent you add the more solute you can dissolve?

Weather, thermochemical processes

_____ and ____ ______ are the biggest physical chemistry examples in the world?

Solutes, saturation

_____ can reach a _____ point in which you can no longer get any more solute to dissolve in the solvent at a given volume and temperature of the solvent?

Exothermic, water freezing into ice

_____ change releases energy or heat? Ex.?

Physical

_____ chemistry is when you do not change the chemical formula of the substance being acted upon, only changing the energy state?

Solids

_____ have a definite shape and a definite volume?

Gases

_____ have no definite shape or volume?

Chemical

_____ properties are when a substance reacts in a certain way with other substances such as rust on iron, a precipice, color change, or new products.

Physical

_____ properties of a substance are those properties that help identify a substance without a chemical change?

Endothermic, Ice melting

_______ changes absorb energy or heat? Ex.?