CHILD PSYCH - EXAM 2 (CH.7)

Stranger anxiety develops in infants during the stage of

attachment in the making.

Your body's physiological reaction to a situation, your interpretation of it, communication with another person, and your own actions are all part of what we call

emotion

Having predictable routines for an infant is one way to

help a young child develop self-control.

A boy in the United States who is hurt on the playing field may come off the field feeling very angry because

in this culture it is more acceptable for a boy to express the emotion of anger than the emotion of sadness.

A toddler's sense of possessiveness and declarations that something is "Mine!!" is an indication that the child

is developing a clearer sense of himself as separate from those around them.

Harry Harlow's research with macaque monkeys raised with surrogate mothers led him to conclude that

it was contact comfort that created the mother-infant attachment bond.

Infants and toddlers who are raised in the midst of divorcing parents

may experience problem behaviors like aggression, separation anxiety or loss of toilet training.

The four types of attachment described by Ainsworth are based on two dimensions. They are

security and organization of behavior.

The consequences for a child of having one type of temperament versus another largely depends upon

the goodness of fit between the child's characteristics and the demands of the environment.

Two of the most important issues facing the quality of child care are

the ratio of staff to children and the turnover rate of their early childhood educators.

As we look at temperament throughout childhood and adolescence, based on research we could say that

there is a tendency for temperament to be stable over time, although smaller changes can occur.

One way in which individualist parents may raise their infants differently from collectivist parents is that the individualist parents

try to instill more independence, such as teaching the infant to feed themselves.

When a red mark is placed on the nose of a two-year-old and the child sees herself in a mirror, the child will react by touching her own nose when she

understands that the image in the mirror is a reflection of her.

The pattern of attachment called anxious avoidant attachment has been associated with a caregiver who is

unresponsive to the needs to the infant.

When a baby feels safe and secure in the presence of the caregiver to whom she is attached, she can

use the caregiver as a secure base and begin exploring the environment.

Cross-cultural research on attachment has found that

what mothers consider to be the characteristics of a securely attached infant can differ from one culture to another.

Studies of severely neglected children who were later adopted found that

years later, the hormonal responses of these children made them likely to run to any available adult in times of distress.

Which of the following is an example of how an infant may show empathy?

Upon hearing another infant cry, the infant cries in response.

Cross-cultural research on emotions has found that

basic emotions are remarkably similar around the world, but how we experience and show emotions can differ from one culture to another.

The most effective approach to treating children with reactive attachment disorder has been to

develop the mother's sensitivity to her baby.