Childhood Development Ch 5

Spelke believes that infants are born with certain built-in assumptions about the nature of objects. One such assumption is what she calls the A. connected surface principle B. A not B principle C. intermodal transfer principle D. interpersonal perception principle E. intersensory integration principle

A. connected surface principle

Jack can take something away from his baby and the baby loses interest. His baby is probably A. less than six months old B. between six and ten months old C. between eight and twelve months old D. between ten and sixteen months old E. over eight months old

A. less than six months old

A three-month-old infant is shown a series of drawings, each of which shows a small object above a larger object of the same shape. After a while, the baby looks for​ shorter periods of time at each new version of the small-above-large pattern. Then, a test figure is shown consisting of the opposite pattern and the baby shows renewed interests. These results indicate that the baby A. was able to notice the patterns among objects, not just the shapes of the objects B. cannot yet habituate to "old" patterns and dishabituate to "new" patterns C. is very intelligent, as the skills for this task are not present until 18 months of age D. habituated to the specific objects that were shown, but not to the arrangement E. paid attention to specific stimuli rather than patterns

A. was able to notice the patterns among objects, not just the shapes of the objects

Because the nativism versus empiricism issue has been so central in studies of perception, the vast majority of the research on perceptual development has focused on A. young infants B. laboratory rats C. grade school children D. primates E. adults

A. young infants

Which of the following depth cues does an infant learn first? A. pictorial B. binocular C. kinetic D. monocular E. interposition

C. kinetic

Motion parallax is which type of depth cue? A. binocular B. kinetic C. monocular D. pictorial E. sensational

B. kinetic

By two years of age, Tyler's visual attention is focus on the _______________ of objects in his world. A. size B. meaningful patterns C. shape D. texture E. color

B. meaningful patterns

Greg is one month of age. He should be able to discriminate between speech sounds A. from female voices but not male voices B. such as "pa" and "ba" C. that are actually two-syllable words D. that are nouns but not verbs E. hidden in longer sounds

B. such as "pa" and "ba"

Olivia wants her baby to be able to speak her native language as well as English. She should introduce her baby to her native language before six months because in the first six months, babies A. can learn at least three languages at one time B. have not learned their native language C. can accurately discriminate all sound contrasts found in any language D. think all languages are part of universal world language E. are able to memorize words efficiently

C. can accurately discriminate all sound contrasts found in any language

At about two to three months of age, a baby is more likely to look at his mother's A. chin B. hairline C. eyes D. ears E. nose

C. eyes

Monique is three months old. If she is developing normally, she has switched from a visual strategy designed to ________________ things to a strategy designed to _____________________ things. A. identify; find B. judge; ignore C. find; identify D. ignore; judge E. judge; identify

C. find; identify

Mr. Collins is anxious to know what perceptual skills his newborn son has. You can tell him his newborn will have all of the following EXCEPT A. good auditory acuity B. adequate visual acuity C. highly efficient depth perception D. excellent tactual and taste perception E. some color vision

C. highly efficient depth perception

Research by Spelke, as well as that of Pickens, confirms that infants four months or older can A. recognize familiar faces B. extend cross modal transfer to all senses C. match sounds with appropriate movements D. display excellent depth perception E. integrate information from all senses

C. match sounds with appropriate movements

Interposition is an example of a A. kinetic cue B. binocular cue C. monocular cue D. pictorial cue E. motion cue

C. monocular cue

When researchers use reinforcement to study infant perception they are using the technique of A. selectivity B. dishabituation C. operant conditioning D. preference E. classical conditioning

C. operant conditioning

No matter how her mother hands her bottle to her, Ginny still reaches for it, demonstrating that she has acquired A. size constancy B. depth perception C. shape constancy D. object permanence E. color constancy

C. shape constancy

Which of the following is the initial "rule to look by" used by a newborn? A. "Look at the inside of thing to determine what they are" B. "Scan until you find a curved object, then examine the curve." C. "Scan until you find a face, then lock onto the face." D. "Scan until you find an edge, then examine that edge." E. "Look for a face, then examine the features."

D. "Scan until you find an edge, then examine that edge."

When a baby understands that her bottle still exists even when she throws it down and it disappears under the sofa, she is demonstrating A. size constancy B. shape constancy C. object identity D. object permanence E. object constancy

D. object permanence

Gabrielle can discriminate between two-syllable sounds. It is most likely that she acquired this ability at what age? A. one month B. three months C. four months D. six months E. Twelve months

D. six months

Babies lose the ability to distinguish vowels that do not occur in the language they are hearing by ________________ of age and the ability to discriminate nonheard consonant contrasts by ________________ of age. A. three months; six months B. nine months; one year C. six months; nine months D. six months; one year E. one year; two years

D. six months; one year

Maria's baby has just started to see colors. Her baby is how old? A. 12 months B. 9 months C. 6 months D. 3 months E. 1 month

E. 1 month

Researchers interested in infant perception of faces have found that A. infants prefer to look at faces over other complex objects B. faces are uniquely interesting to infants C. when looking at faces, babies have no preference for type of face. D. babies prefer to look at male faces E. babies prefer their mother's face

E. babies prefer their mother's face

Dexter calls his newborn son by name, but as yet the baby does not respond to that name. At what age will his baby first recognize his own name? A. one month B. two months C. three months D. four months E. five months

E. five months

The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be directly perceived is object A. continuance B. transfer C. modality D. concept E. permanence

E. permanence

At what age do babies begin to show signs of object constancies? A. at birth B. two or three weeks C. one month D. two or three months E. three or four months

E. three or four months