Chinese Philosophies-- Buddhism, Confucianism, Daoism and Legalism
What is Confucianism?
-Based on teachings of Confucius (pronounced: Kung Fu Zi) -Book=Analects -Emphasizes importance of Education & relationship for creating good people -Filiel Piety: Repaying the kindness shown to you by your family -Major influence on Chinese & Asian culture
What is Legalism?
-Based on the teaching of Han Fei -Book = Han Feizi: AKA Basic Writings -Believes human beings are selfish and evil -Rulers who followed this philosophy would strengthen their state by enforcing strict laws, including severe punishments. -Discourages rulers from trusting others -Forbid criticism of government & Civil Disobedience
What is Daoism?
-Based on the teachings of Lao Tzu -Book=Tao Te Ching -Importance of learning from nature and living in harmony with it -Encouraged people to find lasting happiness within (Fame, power & wealth is fleeting..temporary) -Teaches the importance of adaptability and flexibility (Water) -Encouraged people to live simple life, close to nature, pursuing ones passions -Believes too much education and too much politics gets in the way of individual happiness
What is Buddhism?
-Based on the teachings of Siddharta Guatama -His teachings are contained in books called Sutras -4 Noble Truth describes how to end suffering by understanding its cause and describes how one should live ones life. -Eight fold path is a Buddhist guide to living a better life. -Buddhists believed in a cycle of rebirth and reincarnation. -Believes anyone can become a Buddha if they reach enlightenment
Teachings of Confucius is found in a book called....
Analects
Who said this "Do not dwell in the past, do not dream of the future, concentrate the mind on the present moment."
Buddha/Buddhism
Who said this "Holding on to anger is like grasping a hot coal with the intent of throwing it at someone else; you are the one who gets burned"
Buddha/Buddhism
Who said this "No one saves us but ourselves. No one can and no one may. We ourselves must walk the path."
Buddha/Buddhism
Who said this? "Like a spider caught in its own web is a person driven by fierce cravings. Break out of the web, and turn away from the world of sensory pleasure and sorrow."
Buddha/Buddhism
Who said this "I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand."
Confucius/Confucianism
Who said this "If I am walking with two other men, each of them will serve as my teacher. I will pick out the good points of the one and imitate them, and the bad points of the other and correct them in myself."
Confucius/Confucianism
Who said this "Worry not that no one knows of you; seek to be worth knowing."
Confucius/Confucianism
Who said this? "Be respectful at home, serious at work, faithful in human relations. Even if you go to uncivilized areas, these virtues (good qualities) are not to be abandoned."
Confucius/Confucianism
Who said this? "The duty of children to their parents is the fountain from whence all other virtues spring."
Confucius/Confucianism
What are the Noble Truths of Buddhism?
First Noble Truth: "Suffering and sorrow are part of life." Second Noble Truth: People's selfish desires lead to suffering and sorrow. Third Noble Truth: People will stop suffering if they get to a point of "not wanting". Fourth Noble Truth: People will get to enlightenment if they follow the Middle Path. The Middle Path means having an ethical and compassionate life.
Who believed that most people were naturally evil and selfish?
Han Fei/Legalism
Who believed that people should be trained to accept the ruler's authority automatically?
Han Fei/Legalism
Who said this? "He who trusts others will be controlled by others."
Han Fei/Legalism
Who said this? "Praising the benevolence and righteousness of former kings does not improve your own rule. But making laws and regulations clear and rewards and punishments certain, is like applying oil, powder and paint to a state."
Han Fei/Legalism
Who said this? "When a sage governs a state, he does not rely on the people to do good out of their own will. Instead, he sees to it that they are not allowed to do what is not good. If he relies on people to do good out of their own will, within the borders of the state not even ten persons can be counted on [to do good]."
Han Fei/Legalism
Teachings of Henfei is found in books called
Han Feizi also known as the Basic Writings
Who said this "A leader is best when people barely know he exists, when his work is done, his aim fulfilled, they will say: we did it ourselves."
Laozi/Daoism
Who said this "Life is a series of natural and spontaneous changes. Don't resist them - that only creates sorrow. Let reality be reality. Let things flow naturally forward in whatever way they like."
Laozi/Daoism
Who said this "Nature does not hurry, yet everything is accomplished"
Laozi/Daoism
Who said this? "A tree that stands against the wind will break; A reed that bends in the wind will survive."
Laozi/Daoism
Who said this? "The more laws and edicts (official rules) are imposed, the more thieves and bandits there will be."
Laozi/Daoism
Teachings of Buddha is found in books called...
Sutras
Teachings of Lao Tzu is found in books called
Tao Te Ching