CHM CH 4
What are the solubility rules?
-soluble cations: group 1 ions and NH4+ -soluble anions: nitrate, acetate, chlorate; halides except silver, lead, mercury; sulfates except lead, mercury, calcium, barium, and strontium -combining anion and cations not listed above results in formation of an insoluble compound
What is a double replacement reaction do?
A double-replacement reaction exchanges the cations (or the anions) of two ionic compounds.
What is a precipitation reaction?
A precipitation reaction is a double-replacement reaction in which one product is a solid precipitate.
Classify the following reaction: CaCO3(s )-->CaO(s) + CO2(g) A)Single Replacement B)Decomposition C)Combustion D)Double Replacement E)Combination
B) Decomposition In this reaction, calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) decomposes into calcium oxide (CaO) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) upon heating. AB → A + B
1)Classify the following reaction: CaCl2(aq) + 2 KF(aq) --> CaF2(s) + 2 KCl(aq) A)Decomposition B)Double Replacement C)Combination D)Combustion E)Single Replacement
B. Explanation: In the given reaction, Ca²⁺ and 2 F⁻ ions exchange partners to form CaF₂, and 2 K⁺ and 2 Cl⁻ ions exchange partners to form 2 KCl. The reaction can be represented as: AB + CD → AD + CB
Classify the following reaction:CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) --> 2H2O(l) + CO2(g) A)Single Replacement B)Combination C)Combustion D)Double Replacement E)Decomposition
C) Combustion Fuel + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O + heat In this reaction, methane (CH₄) reacts with oxygen (O₂) to produce water (H₂O) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) as products. Combustion reactions are reactions where a substance reacts with oxygen gas, producing heat and a flame.
2)Classify the following reaction: Ca (s)+ 2 HCl(aq) --> H2(g) + CaCl2(aq) A)Combination B)Double Replacement C)Decomposition D)Single Replacement E)Combustion
D) Single Replacement Explanation: In this reaction, the calcium (Ca) replaces hydrogen (H) in hydrochloric acid (HCl) to form calcium chloride (CaCl₂) and hydrogen gas (H₂). The general form of a single replacement reaction is: A + BC → B + AC
Classify the following reaction: NH3 (g) + H2O (l) --> NH4OH(aq) A)Decomposition B)Single Replacement C)Double Replacement D)Combination E)Combustion
D)Combination A + B → AB
From the statement "magnesium hydroxide reacts with nitric acid to produce magnesium nitrate and water," identify the reactants and the products.
Reactants: magnesium & hydroxide & nitric acid produce magnesium nitrate and water
From the statement "propane reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water," identify the reactants and the products
Reactants: propane reacts with oxygen Products: carbon dioxide and water
From the statement "sodium metal reacts with water to produce sodium hydroxide and hydrogen," identify the reactants and the products.
Reactants: sodium metal, water Products: sodium hydroxide and hydrogen
nuetralization reaction
acids and bases react to form water and a salt
What is dissociation?
the process in which an ionic compound separates into ions as it dissolves
What is stoichiometry?
the relationship between the relative quantities of substances taking part in a reaction or forming a compound, typically a ratio of whole integers.
Balance the decomposition chemical reaction: NaHCO3-->Na2CO3+H2O
2NaHCO3-->Na2CO3+H2O
What is mole?
6.02 x 10^23
What are characteristics of combustion reactions?
1. Exothermic: Combustion reactions are exothermic, meaning they release heat and often light. The heat released is a result of the conversion of the potential energy stored in the fuel to thermal energy. 2.Fuel and oxidizer: Combustion reactions require a fuel and an oxidizing agent to occur. The fuel is the substance that is burned, while the oxidizing agent provides the oxygen needed for the reaction to occur. Common fuels include hydrocarbons like methane, propane, and gasoline, while common oxidizing agents include oxygen and air. 3. Rapid reaction: Combustion reactions typically occur rapidly, due to the high energy content of the fuel and the exothermic nature of the reaction. This rapid reaction often produces flames and explosions. 4.Products: The products of a combustion reaction depend on the fuel and oxidizing agent used. In general, combustion of hydrocarbons produces carbon dioxide and water vapor as products, along with other byproducts like carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. 5.Self-sustaining: Once a combustion reaction is initiated, it can be self-sustaining as long as there is a sufficient supply of fuel and oxidizer. This makes combustion reactions useful in many practical applications, such as heating and power generation
Ethane reacts with oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide. C2H6+O2-->2CO2+3H2O
2C2H6+7O2-->4CO2+6H2O
What is an endothermic reaction?
A reaction that ABSORBS energy in the form of heat. During an endothermic reaction, the products have more energy than the reactants, so energy is absorbed during the reaction. Some common examples of endothermic reactions include melting ice, evaporating water, and photosynthesis.
What is a Decomposition reaction?
A single reactant breaks down into two or more products. The general equation for a decomposition reaction is AB → A + B. An example of this type of reaction is the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen gas: 2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2.
What does a single replacement reaction do?
A single-replacement reaction replaces one element for another in a compound.
Reactants
A starting material in a chemical reaction
Balance the following reaction. ___silver nitrate + ___ammonium chloride → __silver chloride + __ammonium nitrate What's coefficient for silver nitrate (when equation is balanced to the simplest whole number ratio)?
Ag3N
What is an Acid-base or neutralization reaction?
An acid reacts with a base to form a salt and water. The general equation for an acid-base reaction is HA + BOH → H2O + BA, where HA is an acid, BOH is a base, and BA is a salt. An example of this type of reaction is the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide to form sodium chloride and water: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O.
What Is a single displacement or substitution reaction?
An element reacts with a compound, displacing one of the elements in the compound. The general equation for a single displacement reaction is A + BC → B + AC. An example of this type of reaction is the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 +
What is an exothermic Reaction?
An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that releases energy in the form of heat or light, usually in the form of thermal energy. During an exothermic reaction, the reactants have more energy than the products, so energy is released during the reaction. Some common examples of exothermic reactions include combustion reactions, such as burning fuel, and oxidation reactions, such as rusting.
Balance the following equation: H2+CI2->HCI
H2+CI2->2HCI
How does a single replacement reaction occur?
MORE ACTIVE REPLACES LESS ACTIVE
Nitrogen and Hydrogen react to produce ammonia, NH3 Balance this equation
N2+3H2->2NH3
Balance the following reaction.___ soidum sulfide + aluminum chloride -> sodium chloride + aluminum sulfide. What's coefficient for aluminum chloride (when equation is balanced to the simplest whole number ratio)? A)3 B)2 C)4 D)5
Na2S+AICI3--->NACI+AI2S3
From the statement "nitrogen and hydrogen react to produce ammonia," identify the reactants and the products.
Reactants is nitrogen and hydrogen Products : ammonia
How does solubility relate to double-replacement reactions?
Solubility rules are used to predict whether some double-replacement reactions will occur.
Products
The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction.
What does the periodic table help you predict?
The periodic table or an activity series can help predict whether single-replacement reactions occur.
What is a double displacement or metathesis reaction:
Two compounds react to form two new compounds by exchanging ions. The general equation for a double displacement reaction is AB + CD → AD + CB. An example of this type of reaction is the reaction between sodium chloride and silver nitrate to form silver chloride and sodium nitrate: NaCl + AgNO3 → AgCl + NaNO3.
What is a combustion or synthesis reaction?
Two or more reactants combine to form a single product. The general equation for a combination reaction is A + B → AB. An example of this type of reaction is the formation of water from hydrogen gas and oxygen gas: 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O.
What is a precipitation reaction?
When two soluble substances react together to make a product which is insoluble (the precipitate)
What is a combustion reaction?
a chemical change in which an element or a compound reacts with oxygen, often producing energy in the form of heat and light
What does a chemical reaction express?
a chemical change.
What is a neutralization reaction?
a reaction between an acid and a base which produces a salt and water.
decomposition reaction
a reaction in which a single compound breaks down to form two or more simpler substances
composition reaction
a reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a new compound
What is a chemical equation?
a representation of a chemical reaction
What is a balanced equation
an equation in which each side of the equation has the same number of atoms of each element and mass is conserved
What is a complete ionic equation?
an equation that shows dissolved ionic compounds as dissociated free ions
What does (aq) mean?
aqueous (dissolved in water)
Spector ions
ions that do not participate in a reaction
What is the law of conservation of matter? How does it relate to chemical equations?
matter cannot be created nor destroyed so, the number of atoms of each element in the reactants must be the same as the products HENCE balancing equations.
What is (s) in a chemical equation?
solid
