CHP 17 & 18
Which of the following was a result of the influence of the city planning movement on urban life at the turn of the twentieth century?
Better sanitation and cultural amenities like museums and opera houses
How did Japanese conquests in East Asia compare to European and American conquests in Asia and Africa?
Both denied their subjects political equality because of perceived racial inferiority.
The Boxer Rebellion was similar to the earlier Taiping Rebellion in which of the following ways?
Both were composed primarily of Chinese scholar elites
Which of the following was an important unintended consequence of the European partition of Africa in the late nineteenth century?
Boundary lines drawn by Europeans divided existing African ethnic,linguistic,cultural,and commercial units among several different colonies.
Which of the following was a method that dominant elites used to spread their values and institutions throughout the nation-state?
Broadening public education
How did German chancellor Otto von Bismarck seek to defuse socialist activism in his country?
By enacting social welfare measurements
How did nationalism challenge the Austrian empire?
By encouraging Hungarians to press for autonomy
How did Great Britain turn a profit from its control of India?
By requiring India to pay the costs of colonial administration and the British military presence
What motivation drove Canada's 19th century policy towards its indigenous population
Canadians wished to avoid bloodshed and conflict with indigenous peoples that might drive off settlers
Which of the following was often cited by Western imperialists as evidence for the improvement of women's lives under colonial rule?
Colonial laws prohibited sati and female genital mutilation.
In which African colonies was resistance to colonial rule the strongest?
Colonies in which Europeans had conquered African peoples, regardless of the manner in which Europeans ruled
What military tactics, which became more common during the twentieth century, were implemented during the Anglo-Boer War?
Concentration camps
Progressive reformers' goals included which of the following?
Creating a more efficient society and correcting the undesirable outcomes of urbanization and industrialization
The Herero revolt in German Southwest Africa was so intense that the Germans resorted to which of the following?
Extermination orders against the Herero
Between 1840 and 1914,which of the following led to large-scale migration within individual industrialized states' national boundaries?
Factory jobs in urban centers
Which of the following was a similarity between Russian and Japanese attempts to modernize in the late nineteenth century?
For both,key aspects of industrialization were state-sponsored.
The idea of "the primitive" was used by early-twentieth century European artists to symbolize which of the following?
Forces that reason could not control
In which of the following situations were factors like a shared language insufficient to create a national bond?
Great Britain's relationship with Ireland
On what was Sun Yet-sen's version of Chinese nationhood based?
Han Chinese nationalism
What allowed King Menelik II of Ethiopia to defeat Italian forces?
He was able to equip his loyal, united armies with European weapons.
Which of the following questions challenged Chinese intellectuals at the turn of the twentieth century?
How to balance Western thought and traditional Chinese culture.
Which of the following was a direct response to anxiety over a loss of dominance by people of European descent in the United States during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
Increased support for more restrictive immigration policies
Of the many factors that contributed to the unsettled nature of the turn of the twentieth-century world,which of the following led most directly to the Maji Maji Revolt?
Increasing anticolonial sentiments
Which best characterizes the changing conditions for women in Europe and European colonies,respectively,around the turn of the twentieth century?
Increasing political rights in Europe and increasing work burdens in European colonies
Which British colony served as a model for later European endeavors by developing the colony's infrastructure to maximize profits from trade?
India.
At the turn of the twentieth century, "modernism" reflected which of the following?
Intellectuals, artists and scientists sensed that traditional answers were no longer adequate to explain the changes in society
How does Ren Xiong's self-portrait (1850s) capture the style and thought of the Shanghai School?
It blends Chinese conventions with new artistic currents.
How did the Franco-Prussian War encourage the growth of French nationalism in the late 19th century?
It encouraged the French to unify around their hatred of the Germans.
How did late-19-century Orientalism portray non-Western people?
It portrayed them as sensuous, backward, and exotic.
How did late nineteenth-century Japanese capitalism differ from late nineteenth-century American capitalism?
It relied on personal relationships instead of impersonal investment.
How did late-19th-century Japanese capitalism differ from late-19th-century European capitalism?
It relied on personal relationships instead of impersonal investment.
Which of the following was a consequence of the 1907 financial crisis in the United States?
It showed how quickly national financial matters could become international affairs
According to Sun Yat-sen what was demonstrated by the existence of different racial or ethnic groups in China?
It showed incomplete assimilation into Han culture
In what way was American imperialism in the 1890s different from earlier forms of U.S.expansionism?
It took control of new territories without seeking to incorporate them or their people into the national political body.
Why was the Mexican revolution considered to be the most successful turn-of-the-twentieth-century revolution?
It transformed the country and forced later politicians to respect peasants' rights and land reform
How did the Anglo-Boer War differ from other anticolonial wars in Africa?
It was the only anticolonial war in which two white regimes were the main combatants.
how did the US understanding of itself change after the civil war?
Its sense of national identity, and the strength of the national government, grew stronger
In what way did the upward pressure of social movements influence policymaking by elites around the turn of the twentieth century?
Journalistic attention to unhygienic consumer products prompted new government regulations.
Which group was most likely to resist the system created by Frederick Winslow Taylor?
Laborers
Which of the following helps to explain why privileged elites in Latin America held more political and economic power than elites in the US
Large estate holders in Latin America controlled far more of the richest lands to produce export crops
Which of the following was a response to the rise of giant banks and industrial corporations?
Many economists and politicians wanted the state to manage national economies
Which of the following best describes the beliefs of a social Darwinist in the late nineteenth century?
Modern culture was created by white Europeans and Americans,who were more fully evolved than the darker peoples of the world.
How did the assumptions made by scientists in the modernist era differ from those of Enlightenment-era scientists?
Modernist scientists thought in terms of probabilities rather than certainties
After revolts in several of their African colonies,what changes did Europeans make in their colonial structures?
More efficient administrations began to provide health care and education to the colonized peoples.
Which of the following was the destination of most South Asian emigrants?
Other British colonies,where they could work as laborers
In what way did pan-Germanism differ from German nationalism?
Pan-Germanism motivated people to define their identity by race or blood instead of national boundaries
Which of the following contributed to the Qing dynasty's downfall?
Peasants and laborers resented the high cost of reform
In the period from 1845 to 1900,what factors in China led large numbers of people to emigrate to the Americas and Oceania?
Population pressure and a shortage of cultivatable land
In what way was Russia's expansion in Asia different from American expansion in North America?
Russia tolerated and taxed native populations instead of displacing or slaughtering them.
What was the primary reason that Russia expanded south into the Caucasus and east into Manchuria?
Russia was responding to perceived threats from rivals in those areas.
(???) How did Sojourner Truth and Bahithat al-Badiya use religion in their respective arguments?
Sojourner Truth shows that religion only undermines female empowerment,while al-Badiya shows that it promotes gender equality.
Which of the following is an example of a form of entertainment appealing to the masses that emerged at the end of the nineteenth century?
Sports
What kind of states resulted from the unifications of Germany and Italy?
States with persistent internal divisions and centralized power wielded by their monarchs
The "open door policy" for access to China included which of the following concomitant attacks on traditional Chinese culture?
Support for Christian missionaries
Which of the following caused some Americans to fear the loss of their pioneering individualism?
The 1890 announcement, closing the American frontier
Which of the following was an exception to the general rule of unrestricted migration during the late nineteenth century?
The Chinese Exclusion Act in the United States
In what way did late nineteenth-century Japanese colonial rule in the Ryukyu Islands differ from that of the British in India or the Americans in Puerto Rico?
The Japanese refused to train a Ryukyu governing class.
Which of the following is an example of the foreign pressure that led to the decline of Qing dynastic authority?
The Sino-Japanese War
In Latin America during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, which of the following upset traditional racial hierarchies?
The arrival to the region of large numbers of poor immigrants from Europe
How did the development of nation-states contribute to the spread of imperialism?
The conquest of new territories was seen as a measure of a nation-state's strength
Which of the following was the most enduring legacy of the Mexican Revolution?
The creation of communal landholdings for Mexican peasants
In the late nineteenth century,which of the following was an important initiative of the Chinese Self-Strengthening movement?
The development of coal mines and shipyards
Which of the following developments contributed heavily to the growth of nationalism in 19th century Europe?
The expansion of literacy and the periodical printing press
Which of the following strongly influenced Canadian policy in the nineteenth century?
The fear that the United States would annex Canadian territory.
In general, what was the economic goal of imperial powers in the late 19th century?
The goal was to profit by importing raw materials and exporting finished products.
In Europe at the turn of the twentieth century, which of the following was a manifestation of anxiety about race?
The growth of anti-Semitic thought and behavior
Which of the following was a common response to class conflict in late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century western Europe?
The growth of labor parties to participate in electoral politics
Which of the following factors challenged the nineteenth-century idea of "separate spheres" for women and men?
The movement of more women into the paid labor force.
Why did Indian nationalism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries pose a different challenge to British rule than had the 1857 Indian Rebellion?
The nationalist leaders imagined an Indian national community that encompassed the whole of British India rather than defending local identities
Which of the following statements best reflects the impact of Enlightenment thinkers on 19th century nationalists?
The political boundaries of a nation should reflect people's shared past, culture, and tradition
Advocates for imperialism reacted to news of the turmoil in the Belgian and German African colonies with sentiments reflected by which statement below?
The specific situation that had led to the unrest was an exception to the enlightened rule of most European countries.
One result of the emergence of popular culture was:
The use of cultural choices to assert social or class identity
What role did the Red Lanterns play in the Boxer Uprising?
Their purity and loyalty to the Boxers' cause seemed to counteract the threat posed by Christianity.
Indian intellectuals used Western culture to promote Indian nationalism in which of the following ways?
They facilitated the spread of nationalist ideas throughout British India by creating modern cultural forms such as newspapers, pamphlets, and journals
In response to Commodore Perry's arrival in Edo Bay, how did young Japanese elites plan to modernize?
They planned to adopt Western technology,while maintaining Japanese culture.
In order to establish a modern national identity, both Indian and Latin American intellectuals turned to which of the following?
They rewrote the histories of ancient empires and kingdoms to create a cultural basis for national identity
How did conservative Chinese leaders react to the first railroads built in China?
They saw the railroads as a threat to Chinese social harmony and had them torn up.
How did Social Darwinists use the idea of 'survival of the fittest'?
They used it as a rationale for strong nations' domination of weaker ones
How did the French Revolution contribute to the development of the nation-state model in Europe?
Through its development of the idea that sovereignty rests in the nation, not the king
Which of the following was a reason that Europeans colonized Africa?
To acquire personal power and imperial glory
What was the general goal of imperial powers,such as Great Britain,in the late nineteenth century?
To force their colonies to buy their manufactured goods while exporting staple raw materials
What did Pan-Islamism ask of Muslims?
To put aside differences between Shiite and Sunni and work against European aggression
After the Spanish-American War, American expansionism increasingly involved which of the following?
Turning nominally independent countries into dependent states
Which of the following was the ultimate result of China's unwillingness to change its political and economic systems?
Vulnerability to external aggression and internal instability
By the end of the nineteenth century, how did European and American nationalist and racial ideas compare to those of the rest of the world?
Westerners were increasingly concerned with protecting their national and racial purity, while discussions of identity in other parts of the world were part of the opposition to Western domination.
How did artists in Asia and Latin America depict North American influence in visual culture?
Westerners were portrayed as annoying impositions onto vibrant local life.
Which of the following did NOT contribute to the end of Brazil's rubber boom?
attacks by Native Americans on rubber plantations and convoys
What did Bismarck of Germany and Cavour of Italy have in common?
both were conservative prime ministers who exploited liberal national sentiment to promote unification
During the 2nd half of the 19th century, the widespread cultivation of which of the following advanced imperialism
capital
which of the following attitudes created tension between the concept of nation state and colonial empire
colonies were seen as subordinate to their mother countries, often with no representation in their governments
Which of the following did NOT contribute to Canada's difficulties in forming a strong national identity in the late 19th century?
conflicts between Canadian Catholics and Canadian Protestants
Bismarck and Cavour, the men who led the unification of Germany and Italy respectively can be characterized as
conservatives
Which of the following contributed to the end of Brazil's rubber boom?
increased production outside of Brazil led to more competition and lowered prices
After the Civil war, how did the US encourage the incorporation of its western territories
it encouraged settlers to move to the hinterlands with promises of cheap land for homesteading
Which of the following made Russia an atypical example of Eurasian expansionism?
its policy of assimilating many subject people into its society
What new economic development permitted the accumulation of capital needed to invest in new industries
limited liability, joint stock company
In order to control their African colonies, European powers depended on
military forces made up of local supporters or conscripts.
Imperial powers saw the people that they conquered as
subject people ineligible for participation in government.
The 2nd Industrial Revolution concentrated political and economic power in
the North Atlantic
Which of the following developments did NOT contribute to the growth of nationalism in 19th-century Europe?
the revival of religious faith
Social and political instability in Russia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries reflected
the tsar's insistence on reforming society without changing Russia's autocracy.
In the early 19th Europe, What hampered the implementation of the nationalistic idea that the location of "the people" should form the basis for setting national boundaries
there was no agreement as to who "the people" should be
which of the following contributed to Canada's difficulties in forming a robust national identity during the late 19th century
there were sharp cultural divisions between French and English speaking Canadians
In the US, how did americans of european descent justify expanding their territory westward
they claimed that their expansion across north american continent was God's will
what did american nation-states do with territories taken from indigenous peoples
turned territories into provinces by sending settlers to the hinterlands
In the United States, the idea of Manifest Destiny argued that the U.S.
will spread across the continent because it was God's will.
What characteristic of the present-day world economy emerged during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
An unequal relationship between the industrialized world and the nonindustrialized world
The idea that a nation was composed of its entire population replaced what earlier definition of a nation?
A nation was composed of kings, clergymen, and nobles
Which of the following was an unintended consequence of the British Raj in India?
A new Indian identity emerged,despite the lack of a common language or political sovereignty.
What kind of nation-state did the system of large estates used in Latin American countries such as Brazil encourage to develop?
A state in which many people were considered unqualified for membership in the nation-state
Of the many factors that contributed to the unsettled nature of the turn-of-the-twentieth-century world, which of the following led to most directly to the Maji-Maji Revolt?
A. Increasing anticolonial settlements
Which of the following resulted from late-nineteenth-century industrial capitalism?
Acceleration of economic boom-and-bust cycles
