Chp. 18 study & review
An example of a secondary acquired immunodeficiency is
AIDS
Contact dermatitis involves
All of the choices are correct.
Transfusion of the wrong blood type can cause
All of the choices are correct.
Which of the following is not a theory to explain the origin of autoimmune diseases?
All the choices are currently being investigated as possible explanations.
Which type/s of hypersensitivities is IgG is involved with?
Both antibody-mediated and immune complex-mediated.
Degranulation of mast cells leads to
Constricted bronchioles.
Which event is the process of releasing chemical mediators?
Degranulation
John, a Peace Corps worker in the country of Mali in Africa, was in a car accident while traveling through a rural area. He was treated at a tiny rural hospital, and due to his loss of blood required a transfusion. John is B- blood type and has never received a transfusion before. Which statement is correct regarding this scenario?
He can safely receive O- blood even though he makes anti-A antibodies.
All of the following are involved in type II hypersensitivity except
IgE.
In the theory for allergic desensitization, which immunoglobulin blocks the allergen from binding with IgE?
IgG
Which of the following is not true of type III hypersensitivity?
It involves production of IgE antibodies.
Human blood types involve all of the following except
MHC genes.
A person who produces anti-A and anti-B serum antibodies will have blood type
O.
Many men make antibodies to sperm, resulting in destruction of sperm to the point of sterility. What would be the likely origin of this autoimmune disease?
Since sperm are not made until after puberty, the immune system cannot scan the antigens on the sperm for immune tolerance. After sperm are made and the immune system sees them, they are recognized as foreign.
Predict why insect stings and medication injections more often provoke anaphylactic shock, as compared to other allergens found in food or in air.
The allergens go directly into the blood in large amounts, compared to allergens entering the digestive tract or respiratory tract.
You have a dermatitis related to a particular material in your socks. Your feet are covered with a really itchy rash, which has developed blisters over the last day or so. You had first worn them 2 to 3 days ago, and you did not launder them after buying them at the store. Finding some anti-histamine medication in your bathroom cabinet, you decide to take it to relieve the itching rash believing:
The anti-histamine will have no effect on the rash because histamine is not the chemical mediator in this hypersensitivity.
In the situation of systemic lupus erythematosis (called lupus), complexes of antibody and antigen form and these immune complexes insert themselves into small blood vessels, joints, heart, and kidney, causing damage to the organ tissue. The course of the disease is unpredictable, with periods of illness alternating with remissions. How is lupus, a type III hypersensitivity, similar to infectious allergy, a type IV hypersensitivity reaction?
The mechanism of both lupus and infectious allergy involve large amounts of inflammatory chemicals released into tissue.
Atopy and anaphylaxis are hypersensitivities in the category
Type 1 only
Severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCIDs) are due to
a genetic defect in the development of both T cells and B cells.
Myasthenia gravis disease arises from the production of autoantibodies against
acetylcholine receptors on skeletal muscle.
Once a mother has been sensitized to the Rh factor,
all other Rh+ fetuses are at risk.
A seasonal reaction to inhaled allergens is
allergic rhinitis.
The serum of a person with blood type A and Rh- will have the ability to make which of the following antibodies?
anti-B and anti-Rh
A chronic, local allergy such as hay fever is considered
atopic.
Autoimmunity is typically due to
autoantibodies and T cells
Tissue transplanted from one body site on a patient to a different body site on that patient is called a/an
autograft.
All of the following can result in acquired immune deficiency except
bacterial infection.
An antihistamine will
bind to histamine receptors on target organs.
Which event occurs with the sensitizing dose of allergen?
binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils
What will be the immediate action of an allergen when it enters the body for a second time?
bonding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils
Which of the following is not a target for immune complex deposition?
brain
DiGeorge syndrome is the result of
congenital absence or immaturity of the thymus gland.
Which of the following is not a possible outcome of a type I hypersensitivity reaction?
contact dermatitis
Allergic patients receiving small, controlled injections of specific allergens are undergoing
desensitization
The potential for hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when
fetal Rh+ cells enter an Rh- mother.
What could result when grafted tissue such as bone marrow contains passenger lymphocytes?
graft versus host disease
Which is mismatched?
hay fever - type IV hypersensitivity
Any heightened immune response resulting in tissue damage is called a/an
hypersensitivity.
What can be a consequence of a genetic deficiency in B-cell survival and maturity?
hypogammaglobulinemia
Allergic reactions to penicillins are considered a/n _____ hypersensitivity.
immediate
The study of diseases associated with excesses and deficiencies of the immune system is
immunopathology.
Histamine causes all of the following except
increased sensitivity to pain.
Fungal spores and animal dander are considered to be which type of allergen?
inhalant
Corticosteroids will
inhibit the activity of lymphocytes.
Bee sting venom is considered to be which type of allergen?
injectant
A female who is Rh-
is at risk for a pregnancy resulting in hemolytic disease of the newborn.
A person with O type blood
lacks A and B antigens
The chemical mediator that causes prolonged bronchospasm, vascular permeability, and mucus secretion of asthmatic patients is
leukotriene.
All of the following are autoimmune diseases except
metastatic cancer.
In multiple sclerosis, autoantibodies attack
myelin sheath cells of the nervous system
A second encounter with an allergen that causes a response is called the _____ dose.
provocative
Epinephrine
reverses constriction of airways.
The initial encounter with an allergen is called the _____ dose
sensitizing
Large quantities of antibodies that react to the second entry of antigen and lead to formation of antigen-antibody complexes occurs in
serum sickness.
You were out in the garage going through boxes when you were bitten by an a spider. You tell the doctor that the spider was tiny and black, causing the doctor to think perhaps that it was a black widow spider The doctor gives you an injection of antibody to the spider venom to give you immediate protection. The antibody is produced in horses by injecting them with small doses of the spider venom, causing the horse's immune system to make large amounts of specific antibody to the antigen. The horse serum is then purified before being given to humans. A week later, you notice a red rash spreading away from the injection spot, where the doctor gave you the anti-venom shot. A few days later, the rash has spread and swelling in also present. You have joint pain as well as sore muscles all over your body. The lymph nodes in the armpit are swollen and painful. Going back to the doctor, he diagnoses you with:
serum sickness.
A systemic, sometimes fatal, reaction with airway obstruction and circulatory collapse is
systemic anaphylaxis.
All of the following are associated with IgE and mast-cell-mediated allergy except
systemic lupus erythematosus.
Allergies run in families because
the relative production of IgE is inherited.
Autoantibodies cause tissue injury in all of the following diseases except
tuberculin reaction.
The major categories of hypersensitivities that typically involve a B-cell immunoglobulin response include
type I, type II, and type III.
