CHP 20
What was the cause of the OPEC oil embargo of 1973?
Arab-oil producing states wanted to pressure Israel's First World allies by halting oil exports to them
How did Pacific Rim nations such as South Korea and Taiwan escape the Third World cycle of poverty and dependence?
By using regulation to promote new industries and requiring multinationals to cooperate with local firms
Which of the following techniques did Hitler use to create his racially based new world order?
He set up puppet governments that complied with deportation orders for Jews
An example of a Third World nationalist who embraced Marxism as his guidingphilosophy was:
Ho Chi Minh
What was the Marshall Plan's goal?
Its goal was to limit the appeal of communism in Europe by providing grants for reconstruction to democratic governments
At the end of World War II, atomic bombs were used to attack _______.
Japan
How did the Korean War transform Japan's relationship with the winners of World War II?
Japan became an important ally of the United States in the fight against communism
Which of the following people provided the model for protest that Martin Luther King, Jr. adopted in his pursuit of civil rights?
Mohandas Gandhi
Which of the following first tested President Truman's containment policy?
The Berlin blockade
Which Cold War event brought the world closest to nuclear war?
The Cuban Missile Crisis
During the 1960s, Chinese leader Mao Zedong sought to reinvigorate the country'scommunist revolution through:
The Cultural revolution
What did the Berlin Wall signify?
The Soviet Union's attempt to insulate its sphere of influence from the West
Which of the following factors led to the failure of Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward in 1958?
The communes failed to provide enough food to avoid famine and the manufactured goods were inferior
After World War II,which of the following emerged as the prevailing global political organization?
The nation-state
Why did many African leaders think that Africa would move swiftly to a special African form of socialism following decolonization?
They believed that the common African traditions that informed negritude would enable them to embrace social justice and equality
What impact did multinational corporations have on Third World countries?
They expanded countries' agricultural and manufacturing sectors, but at the expense of future locally directed growth
Multinational corporations had which of the following impacts on Third World countries?
They expanded countries' agricultural and manufacturing sectors, but impeded the growth of local farms
During the Cold War,what did the United States and the Soviet Union expect from Third World countries?
They expected them to join one of the two opposing Cold War camps.
During the Cold War, what did the United States and the Soviet Union expect from Third World countries?
They expected them to join one or the other of the two opposing Cold War camps.
How did Pacific Rim nations such as South Korea and Taiwan escape the typical Third World cycle of poverty and dependence?
They used regulation to promote new industries and required multinationals to cooperate with local firms.
During the 1950s and 1960s, Third World leaders believed all of the following except:
alliance with the Western powers provided the greatest opportunity for political recognition.
the idea of negritude can best be described as
the belief that people of African descent were more humane and had stronger communal feelings than europeans
Rachel Carson's book, The Silent Spring, was instrumental in establishing:
the environmental movement in 1962.
Apartheid-era South Africa was able to gain international recognition and support by reminding the world that it was
Anticommunist
Which of the following is a reason why historians have described World War II as a total global conflict?
Fighting in World War II took place on three continents and included soldiers from all continents except Antarctica
During World War II, the Axis Powers consisted of:
Germany, Japan, and Italy.
Which of the following was one of the principal causes of World War II?
Resentment lingered over the punitive treaties imposed after World War I.
Which of the following was NOT the site of a Cold War confrontation between 1945and 1975?
South Africa
Which of the following is a reason why some First World powers supported South Africa during the 1950s and 1960s?
South Africa was anticommunist
Which of the following was the main reason that the United States became involved in the conflict between North and South Vietnam?
The United States supported South Vietnam because it feared the spread of communism throughout Southeast Asia.
Many leaders of African anti-colonial movements were
Western-educated, charismatic individuals.
Which of the following is NOT a reason why World War II can be described as a worldwide, total conflict?
World War II led to significant transformations of all the major prewar forms of government
At the beginning of the Cold War, American policy toward communism was to _______ it.
contain
American actions in Vietnam during the 1960s and 1970s were an example of its _______ policy.
containment
Which of the following characteristics was NOT shared by the Germans and Japanese during World War II?
encouraging veneration of the emperor in order to mobilize support for the war
The United States and the Soviet Union emerged as superpowers after World War II because of all of the following EXCEPT:
their control of large overseas empires.
The approach of Chinese communism toward women was:
to enact laws freeing women from oppressive laws and customs as part of their government.
Which of the following accurately compares the Germans and Japanese during the 1930s and 1940s?
Both developed theories of racial superiority
What impact did World War II have on Social Darwinist justifications for colonialism?
It disproved European claims that they possessed a superior civilization.
Which of the following reflects the Chinese communist party's approach toward women?
It freed women from oppressive laws and customs as part of its government
What purpose did the Warsaw Pact serve?
It institutionalized a Soviet response to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
Which of the following was a consequence of Rachel Carson's book, the Silent Spring?
It led to the environmental movement which questioned many of the ideas about economic progress and material prosperity upon which the "American Dream" had rested
The cartel that shifted the terms of trade in favor of oil-producing nations during the1970s was:
OPEC
The vast majority of total German casualties during World War II were suffered during fighting against _______.
Soviet Union
The failed CIA attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro in Cuba is known as:
the Bay of Pigs invasion.
Which of the following is NOT a reason why WWII can be described as a worldwide, total conflict?
the war led to a reassessment of all the major prewar forms of government
All of the following were reasons for Jewish migration to Palestine during the first halfof the twentieth century EXCEPT:
the wish to create a new European colony in the Middle East.
During the 1950s, Americans expressed anxiety about communism in which of the following ways?
Americans bought more consumer goods, which were usually made in the United States
For which of the following reasons did President Harry Truman authorize the use of the atomic bomb in 1945?
An Allied invasion of Japan would cost hundreds of thousands of American lives, since the Japanese had vowed to defend the main islands to the last man, woman or child.
Why did the development of more effective nuclear weapons ultimately decrease the risk of a direct confrontation between the United States and the USSR?
Any conflict that involved nuclear weapons had the potential to destroy the world
How did the Arab-Israeli War of 1947-1948 help shatter the legitimacy of Arab ruling elites?
Arab states were poorly prepared to take on the Israeli Defense Force and eventually lost territory granted to them by the United Nations' partition.
Why did the development of more effective nuclear weapons ultimately make direct confrontation between the United States and the U.S.S.R less likely?
Because a conflict involving nuclear weapons had acquired the potential to destroy the world
Why did communism lose its appeal in post-World War II western Europe?
Because strong economic growth led to increased standards of living and expanded access to services like education and health care
Which of the following led to the internal migration of 12 million South Asians in 1947?
Both Hindus and muslims left their homes to relocate to the new countries, India or Pakistan, after more than a million people were killed in religious conflict
In which of the following ways was the Prague Spring in 1968 similar to the Hungarian uprising in 1956?
Both attempts to decrease communist authoritarianism in eastern Europe were crushed by the Soviet military
Which of the following is a similarity between the decolonization experiences of Algeria and South Africa?
Both countries had large numbers of European settlers, which prevented a smooth transfer of power.
Why did Egypt emerge as a potent symbol of pan-Arab nationalism in 1956?
Egypt's military under Nasser was able to reclaim the Suez Canal from the British, French, and Israelis.
Which of the following encouraged the European powers to surrender their African colonies?
European powers were too deep in debt to invest more in pacifying discontented Africans
Which of the following European claims did the systemic implementation of the Nazi genocide challenge?
Europeans had claimed that science, technology, and an efficient bureaucracy would make life better for all
Which of the following led Zionist militants to use force to attempt to gain statehood?
Following World War II, the British restricted the immigration of hundreds of thousands of concentration camp survivors.
All of the following characterize India's experiences after its independence EXCEPT:
Indian independence occurred without violence or bloodshed.
Under what circumstances did the Cold War become a "hot" war?
It became a hot war when the United States and the Soviet Union armed their Third World allies and encouraged proxy wars
How did Japan justify its conquest of neighboring territory during World War II?
Japan claimed that it was driving out European imperialists and establishing "Asia for the Asians."
The Holocaust is the term given to Germany's murder of 6 million ______ during World War II.
Jews
The Soviet leader who sought to separate Stalinism from "true" communism was
Khrushcev
In comparison with life in First World countries, life for ordinary people in SecondWorld countries provided:
Lower standards of living, but higher levels of economic security
In comparison with life in First World countries, which of the following best describes life for ordinary people in second world countries?
Lower standards of living, but higher levels of economic security
Why did communism appeal to many Europeans after World War II?
Many eastern Europeans, reacting to the horrors of fascism, looked to the Soviets for solutions to rebuild society
Which of the following groups of Americans had NOT begun to fight for civil rights and social justice by the end of the 1960s?
Muslims
The newly formed United Nations ordered that this British colony should be partitioned into two separate national states in 1947
Palestine
Which of the following was a response to Khrushchev's speech in 1956 attempting to separate Stalinism from true communism?
Polish and Hungarian intellectuals tried to break away from strict communist controls
Which of the following was a response to Nikita Khrushchev's speech in 1956 attempting to separate Stalinism from true communism?
Polish and Hungarian intellectuals tried to break away from strict communist controls.
In which of the following ways did the United States attempt to counter growing radicalism in Latin America?
President Kennedy sent advisers to dole out aid, explain how reform local land systems, and to demonstrate the benefits of liberal capitalism
At independence, British India was partitioned into two parts based on differences of
Religion
Why was the launch of Sputnik significant in the context of the Cold War?
Sputnik elevated the prestige of Soviet science to observers in the Third World.
Which of the following is a reason that communism lost its appeal in post-World War II in western Europe?
Strong economic growth led to increased standards of living and expanded access to services like education and health care
Which of the following is a reason why the Algerian War of Independence shocked French citizens and the colons?
The French government had declared that Algeria was not a colony, but an integral part of France.
Which of the following saved Chinese communists from being overwhelmed by Nationalist forces in the Chinese Civil War?
The Japanese invasion diverted Nationalist troops from pursuing the communists into the Chinese interior.
Why did Joseph Stalin believe that the Soviet Union deserved to dominate eastern Europe?
The Soviet Union had sacrificed so many people in the war against fascism.
Egypt emerged as a potent symbol of Pan-Arab nationalism after which event ?
The Suez Canal crisis
Which of the following factors encouraged the British to transfer power quickly to the Indian National Congress following World War II?
The threat of radicalized peasant uprisings prompted the British to expedite the transfer of power to the middle-class leaders of the Indian National Congress.
Which of the following led European Jews to migrate to Palestine during the first half of the twentieth century?
They believed that returning to their place of origin would lead to self determination
Which of the following issues led to the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union?
They had diametrically opposed political and economic ideologies.
Which of the following groups of Africans led an anticolonial movements immediately following World War II?
Urban unemployed, former servicemen, Western-educated indigenous elites
Which of the following accurately depicts the Vietnamese intelligentsia under French rule?
Western-educated Vietnamese worked as clerks, teachers, and petty officials, but had few opportunities for advancement.
In post-World War II western Europe, the "woman question" concerned what new problem?
Women making gains in the workplace, but without a proportional decrease in domestic responsibility
In post-World War II western Europe, the "women question" concerned what new problem?
Women were making gains in the workplace, but without proportional decrease in domestic responsibility
All of the following were ways in which the United States responded to radicalism inLatin America EXCEPT:
accepting the right of Latin American peoples to choose their own form of governance
The onset of the Cold War transformed Japan's position from World War II loser to:
an important ally of the United States in the fight against communism.
"Prague Spring" served as a symbol for:
dissenters from the authoritarianism of the Soviet Union.
Which of the following was NOT a feature of South Africa's apartheid system?
each different race was recognized as having equal claims to land and resources
At the end of World War II, communism appealed to many Europeans because:
it seemed to be an effective way to build powerful, egalitarian modern states.
One of the underlying causes of World War II was:
lingering resentment over the punitive treaties imposed after World War I
During the 1950s, American anxiety about communism was expressed through all ofthe following EXCEPT:
making American society more egalitarian so that communism would be less appealing.
Which of the following was NOT a pattern that emerged during the post-World War IIwave of decolonizations?
negotiated transfer of control from one colonial ruler to another
During the Chinese civil war, which group became the base of support for Mao Zedongand the communists?
peasants
What impact did the presence of a European immigrant or immigrant-descended population have on a colony's transition to independence?
prevented the smooth transition of power.
The pattern of government developed in independent India combined which elements from the First World and Second World?
state-planned development projects and democratic institutions
Which countries' leaders worked together to determine the direction of the worldafter World War II?
the United States, the Soviet Union, and Great Britain
