Chpt 3 homework college bio

Polymers that contain sugars ... A. (a) may store hereditary information. B. (b) may store energy. C. (c) may protect cells. D. Both (b) and (c). E. (a), (b), and (c).

(a), (b), and (c).

What is the complementary sequence to the DNA strand TCGATGG? A. GGTAGCT B. AGCUACC C. AGCTACC D. TCGATGG

AGCTACC

What happens to the shape and function of a protein if one of the amino acids is replaced with a different type of amino acid? A. The protein will unravel and become entirely nonfunctional. B. It depends on the role of the amino acid that is altered. One amino acid might be replaced with no measurable effect on the protein's function; replacing another might cause a total loss of function. C. The protein will remain unchanged; several amino acids would have to be altered to have any effect on protein function. D. The protein's fourth-level structure will be damaged.

It depends on the role of the amino acid that is altered. One amino acid might be replaced with no measurable effect on the protein's function; replacing another might cause a total loss of function.

Manufacturers make vegetable oils solid or semisolid by _____. A. adding animal fats to them B. adding chemicals to retard spoilage C. adding hydrogens D. chilling and refrigeration

adding hydrogens

Organic compounds A. always contain carbon. B. always contain nitrogen. C. are synthesized only by animal cells. D. always contain oxygen.

always contain carbon.

The primary structure of a protein is like the arrangement of beads on a string. In this analogy, the beads are _____. A. amino acids B. nucleosides C. nucleotide bases D. codons

amino acids

Which of the following would be correctly classified as a protein? A. an enzyme B. cholesterol C. cellulose D. starch

an enzyme

Lipids differ from other large biological molecules in that they _____. A. do not have specific shapes B. are much larger C. do not contain carbon D. are not truly polymers

are not truly polymers

The development of atherosclerotic disease can result from a diet high in A. fiber B. protein C. sugars D. saturated fats

saturated fats

The hydrocarbon chains of _______________________ are not kinked, and thus pack closely together, making animal fats solid at room temperature.

saturated fatty acids

Your body contains thousands of different types of proteins, each with a specific function. A protein's function is largely determined by its _____. A. shape B. electrical charge C. elemental composition D. size

shape

Which of the following substances is made of lipids? A. enzymes B. cellulose C. steroids D. DNA

steroids

______________ are lipids with a structure consisting of four fused rings. Many sex hormones are made from this type of lipid.

steroids

A polynucleotide has a repeating ________________ backbone.

sugar-phosphate

What feature of fats makes them hydrophobic? A. Fats have carboxyl groups. B. Fats include one glycerol molecule. C. Fats have nonpolar hydrocarbon chains. D. Fats have polar fatty acids.

Fats have nonpolar hydrocarbon chains.

DNA differs from RNA because DNA A. contains the sugar ribose rather than the sugar deoxyribose. B. contains phosphate groups not found in RNA. C. contains thymine in place of uracil. D. consists of a single rather than a double polynucleotide strand.

contains thymine in place of uracil.

A DNA nucleotide is composed of a __________. A. deoxyribose sugar, which is bonded to a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base B. deoxyribose sugar, which is attached to a phosphate group, which is bonded to a nitrogenous base C. ribose sugar, which is bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base D. ribose sugar, which is attached to a phosphate group, which is bonded to a nitrogenous base

deoxyribose sugar, which is bonded to a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base

A glucose molecule is to starch as _____. A. a nucleotide is to a nucleic acid B. a steroid is to a lipid C. a nucleic acid is to a polypeptide D. a protein is to an amino acid

a nucleotide is to a nucleic acid

In a hydrolysis reaction, __________. In this process, water is __________. A. a polymer breaks up to form monomers ... consumed B. monomers are assembled to produce a polymer ... produced C. monomers are assembled to produce a polymer ... consumed D. a polymer breaks up to form monomers ... produced

a polymer breaks up to form monomers ... consumed

Which of the following statements about carbon skeletons is true? A. Carbon skeletons only contain double bonds. B. The length of carbon skeletons is always the same; it is the attachments that differentiate molecules. C. Carbon skeletons are always linear and never branched. D. Carbon skeletons may be arranged in rings.

Carbon skeletons may be arranged in rings.

____________________________ provides directions for its own replication. It also directs cell activities by providing instructions for building proteins.

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Which of the following options correctly pairs a polymer and its monomer? A. RNA, ribose B. collagen, nucleic acids C. cellulose, amino acids D. DNA, nucleotides

DNA, nucleotides

Which of the following statements about the monomers and polymers found in living organisms is false? A. Monomers are joined together by the process of hydrolysis. B. Cells typically make all of their macromolecules from a set of 40-50 common monomers and a few other ingredients that are rare. C. Monomers serve as building blocks for polymers. D. The monomers used to make polymers are essentially universal.

Monomers are joined together by the process of hydrolysis.

Which of the following statements regarding nucleotides is false? A. Nucleotides contain sugar molecules. B. Nucleotides contain nitrogenous bases. C. Nucleotides can be linked together to form nucleic acids. D. Nucleotides contain lipids.

Nucleotides contain lipids.

A gene provides the directions to build a molecule of ___________________________; the genetic instructions it carries are then translated into the amino acid sequence of a protein.

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Two proteins have the same number and type of amino acids. How is it that they can have different shapes and therefore different functions? A. The order in which the amino acids are arranged differs between the two proteins. B. The proteins were made in different locations in the cell. C. The proteins were made at different times within the cell. D. The proteins have been chemically modified.

The order in which the amino acids are arranged differs between the two proteins.

Which of the following statements about enzymes is false? A. They increase the rate of chemical reactions. B. They function as chemical catalysts. C. They regulate virtually all chemical reactions in a cell. D. They are monomers used to build proteins.

They are monomers used to build proteins.

When calorie intake is low, proteins are the last resource the body uses for fuel. Which statement below gives the best reason for this? A. When the body uses proteins as fuel, it is breaking down substances vital to its structure and essential functions. B. Proteins produce little usable energy when metabolized. C. We ingest a very small amount of protein every day. D. There are few proteins in the body.

When the body uses proteins as fuel, it is breaking down substances vital to its structure and essential functions.

A fatty acid consists of a _________ group and a long hydrocarbon chain.

carboxyl

DNA has the appearance of a _____. A. single strand B. letter U C. double helix D. triple helix E. circle

double helix

The structure of DNA is a __________________, held together by the complementary base-pairing of cytosine with guanine, and adenine with thymine.

double helix

Large proteins, like DNA polymerase and hemoglobin, are often composed of several polypeptides that are linked together. The _____ level of protein structure describes how the polypeptides are joined to create a larger complex. A. first B. second C. third D. fourth

fourth

A fat molecule is composed of two types of smaller molecules: __________ and fatty acids.

glycerol

The storage form of carbohydrates is ________ in animals and ________ in plants. A. glycogen; starch B. starch; glycogen C. cellulose; glycogen D. glycogen; cellulose

glycogen; starch

Lipids are diverse compounds that are grouped together because they are ______________

hydrophobic

Dehydration reactions __________. They do so by __________. A. remove monomers from polymers; removing a water molecule B. remove monomers from polymers; adding a water molecule C. link monomers to form a polymer; removing a water molecule D. link monomers to form a polymer; adding a water molecule

link monomers to form a polymer; removing a water molecule

The monomers of nucleic acids consist of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a _____________________

nitrogenous base.

DNA is composed of building blocks called _____. A. nucleic acids B. Gs C. nucleotides D. adenines E. amino acids

nucleotides

Nucleic acids are polymers of _____________

nucleotides.

A phospholipid is composed of A. one glycerol molecule linked to three phosphate groups. B. one glycerol molecule linked to one phosphate group and two fatty acids. C. one fatty acid molecule linked to one glycerol molecule and two phosphate groups. D. one fatty acid molecule linked to three glycerol molecules.

one glycerol molecule linked to one phosphate group and two fatty acids.

Double bonds are present in the majority of the fats of which of the following foods? A. lard B. margarine C. peanuts D. eggs

peanuts

___________________ are a major component of cell membranes. They form a bilayer with their hydrophobic tails mingling together and their hydrophilic heads facing the watery environment on both sides of the membrane.

phospholipids

Cellulose is a _____ made of many _____. A. polymer ... glucose molecules B. protein ... amino acids C. polypeptide ... monomers D. carbohydrate ... fatty acids

polymer ... glucose molecule

RNA usually consists of a single _______________ strand.

polynucleotide

DNA carries the instructions for building _____, and these instructions are found in informational units called _____. A. polypeptides ... genes B. lipids ... libraries C. steroids ... genes D. carbohydrates ... libraries

polypeptides ... genes

Amino acids can be distinguished from one another by A. the type of bond between the R group and the rest of the amino acid molecule. B. the number of R groups found on the amino acid molecules. C. the chemical properties of their R groups. D. the chemical properties of their amino and carboxyl groups.

the chemical properties of their R groups.

These two molecules are structural isomers. What is the difference between them? A. the number of carbon atoms B. the location of a double-bonded oxygen atom C. the number of hydrogen atoms D. Only one of them has a double bond between carbon atoms.

the location of a double-bonded oxygen atom

A protein's alpha helices and beta sheets fold together to create an overall shape at the _____ level of protein structure. A. first B. second C. third D. fourth

third

Fatty acids with double bonds between some of their carbons are said to be A. unsaturated B. completely hydrogenated C. monoglycerides D. saturated

unsaturated

___________________ have one or more double bonds in their hydrocarbon chains and are usually found in vegetable oils.

unsaturated fatty acids