CIS 622 Final

Level-n

A ________ diagram is a DFD that is generated from n nested decompositions from a level-0 diagram.

binary

A ________ relationship is a relationship between instances of two entity types and is the most common type of relationship encountered in data modeling.

Include relationship

A ___________ arises when one use case uses another use case and is shown diagrammatically as a dotted-line arrow pointed toward the use case that is being used

Data flow

A ___________ can be best understood as data in motion, moving from one place in a system to another.

Sequence

A ______________ diagram depicts the interaction among objects during a certain period of time

Gateway

A ________________ is business process modeling is a decision point

Level-0 diagram

A __________________ is a DFD that represents a system's major processes, data flows, and data stores at a high level of detail.

Decision table

A _____________________ is a diagram of process logic where the logic is reasonably complicated.

concrete

A class that can have direct instances (e.g., Outpatient or Resident Patient) is called a(n) ________ class.

relationships

A common mistake many people make when they are just learning to draw E-R diagrams, especially if they already know how to do data flow diagramming, is to confuse data entities with ________ and relationships with data flows.

One

A data flow cannot go directly back to the same process it leaves. There must be at least _________ other processes that handles the data flow, produces some other data flow, and returns the original data flow to the beginning process

three

A ternary relationship is a simultaneous relationship among instances of ________ entity type(s).

User

A use-case consists of a set of a set of possible sequences interactions between a system and __________ in a particular environment, possible sequences that are related to a particular goal.

abstract

A(n) ________ class is a class that has no direct instances but whose descendants may have direct instances.

conceptual

A(n) ________ data model is a detailed model that captures the overall structure of organizational data that is independent of any database management system or other implementation considerations.

attribute

A(n) ________ is a named property or characteristic of an entity that is of interest to the organization.

multiplicity

A(n) ________ is a specification that indicates how many objects participate in a given relationship.

Composite attribute

A(n) ________ is an attribute that has meaningful component parts.

optional attribute

A(n) ________ is an attribute that may not have a value forevery entity instance.

required attribute

A(n) ________ is an attribute that must have a value forevery entity instance.

Associative entity

A(n) ________ is an entity type that associates the instances of one or more entity types and contains attributes that are peculiar to the relationship between those entity instances.

simple message

A(n) ________ only transfers control from the sender to the recipient without describing the details of the communication.

Preconditions

According to Cockburn's template, _____________ are those things the system must ensure are true before the use case can start.

conclusion

All of the following are included in the baseline project report except ________.

Activity

An _____________ diagram shows the conditional logic for the sequence of system activities needed to accomplish a business process.

type

An entity ________ is a collection of entities that share common properties or characteristics.

White

As seen from the clouds, as if flying in a plane at 35,00 feat, refers to which level according to Cockburn?

lowest

At the ________ level of DFDs, new data flows may be added to represent data that are transmitted under exceptional conditions. These data flows typically represent error messages or confirmation notices.

Business Process Modeling Notation

BPMN stands for ________.

process

Data cannot move directly from one data store to another data store. Data must be moved by a ________.

Name

Each entity type in an E-R model is given a ________ because it represents a class or set, it is singular

Failure to assess and manage risks

Failure to integrate the new system with the old system is an example of ________.

Physically Oriented

Flowcharting has been criticized by proponents of structured analysis and design because it is too ______________________

four

How many types of business rules are there in conceptual data modeling?

An activity diagram cannot be used to

MODEL WORK FLOW BUT NOT BUSINESS PROCESSES

inputs

No process can have only ________ and if an object has only that, then it must be a sink.

Outputs

No process can have only ________. It would be making data from nothing (a miracle). If an object has only outputs, then it must be a source.

Attributes and secondary keys

On what basis are objects referenced, selected, qualified, sorted, and categorized?

similar

Similar attributes of different entity types should use ________ but distinguishing names.

cardinality

The ________ defines the number of instances of entity B that can (or must) be associated with each instance of entity A.

Object class

The ________ is a logical grouping of objects that have the same (or similar) attributes, relationships, and behaviors; also called class.

encapsulation

The ________ is the technique of hiding the internal implementation details of an object from its external view.

state

The ________ of an object encompasses its properties (attributes and relationships) and the values of those properties.

system description

The ________ outlines possible alternative solutions.

overlap

The ________ rule specifies that an entity instance can simultaneously be a member of two (or more) subtypes.

total specialization

The ________ rule specifies that each entity instance of the super-type must be a member of some subtype of the relationship.

disjoint

The ________ rule specifies that if an entity instance of the super type is a member of one subtype, it cannot simultaneously be a member of any other subtype

class diagram

The ________ shows the static structure of an object-oriented model: the object classes, their internal structure, and the relationships in which they participate.

Four

The act of going from a single system to __________ component processes is called (functional) decomposition.

Polymorphism

The fact that the same operation may apply to two or more classes in different ways is known as ________.

primitive

The lowest level of a DFD is called a ______ data flow diagram.

entity-relationship

The most common format used for data modeling is ________ diagramming.

logical

The term ________ data model means a conceptual data model with some additional properties associated with the most popular type of database technology like relational databases.

Blue

Use cases written at the _________ level focus on user goals.

Black

Use cases written at the fish and _____________ levels are much more detailed and focus on sub-function goals

Potential problems

What is an example of a project assumption?

primary key

What unique characteristic(s) distinguish(es) each object from other objects of the same type?

Arrows

When two _________ have the same data flow name, you must be careful that these flows are exactly the same

consistent and complete

Which benefit of purchased data models refers to the fact that they are very general, covering almost all options employed by the associated functional area or industry?

domains

Which business rule specifies constraints on valid values for attributes?

entity integrity

Which business rule specifies that each instance of an entity type must have a unique identifier that is not null?

Project scope document

Which document outlines all work required to complete the project?

Economic

Which feasibility category deals with identifying financial benefits associated with the project?

A 45-hour work week

Which of the following is NOT a factor in determining schedule feasibility?

create a project budget

Which of the following is NOT a part of project initiation?

Who is going to pay for PIP?

Which of the following is NOT a question asked to determine if project initiation and planning has ended and analysis has begun?

Changing the budget

Which of the following is NOT a way to manage project risks?

system conversion

Which of the following is NOT an example of a recurring cost?

Time value of money

Which of the following is NOT an example of an economic cost-benefit analysis technique?

system alternatives

Which of the following is NOT included in the feasibility assessment?

Keep it simple

Which of the following is a guideline for presentation design in making an effective presentation?

customer goodwill

Which of the following is an example of an intangible cost?

presenter

Which role in the walkthrough normally has done all or some of the work presented?

Schedule feasibility

Which type of feasibility deals with project duration?

high risk

Which type of project should companies not have too many of?

the uses, managers, and development group

Who must review the baseline project plan before it moves to the next phase in the SDLC?

walk-throughs

________ are peer group reviews of products created via the systems development process.

industry-specific

________ data models are generic data models that are designed to be used by organizations within specific industries.

project planning

________ is the process of defining clear activities necessary to complete activities in a single project.

Risks

________ need to be managed in order to be minimized.

business

________ rules are specifications that preserve the integrity of the logical data model.

iterative

__________________ DFD development recognizes that requirements determination and requirements structuring are interacting, not sequential, subphrases of the analysis phase of the SDLC.

Data programs

are NOT a component of data flow diagram symbols

Policies

are NOT a part of a decision table.

Activity

in business process modeling is an action that must take place for a process to be completed

Attributes

is not a phase in a systems development life cycle

Gap Analysis

is the process of discovering discrepancies between two or more sets of DFD or discrepancies within a single DFD

Extension

is the set of behaviors or functions in a use case that follow exceptions to the main success scenario

Extension

is the set of behaviors or functions in a use case that follow exceptions to the main success scenario.

Activation

is the time period during which an object performs an operation

Square

is used in both conventions for sources/sinks and has a name that states what the external agent is, such as customer, teller, EPA Office, or inventory control system

INADEQUATELY DECOMPOSED DIAGRAMS

is/are NOT a deliverable for process modeling.

Success guarantee

lists what it takes to satisfy stakeholders if the use case is completed successfully

attributes

A domain is the set of all data types and ranges of values that ________ may assume.

Data flow repository entries typically will Not include

A long description defining the data flow

composition

A part-of relationship in which parts belong to only one whole object, and the parts live and die with the whole object is called ________.

event

Event entity types should be named for the result of the ________, not the activity or process of the event.