CIS110 4th Week Quiz
Which operator is used to determine that the operands are not exactly of the same value?
! =
In a selection sort, the first step is to move the smallest value in the array to element __ _, in order to sort the array in ascending order.
0
If the subscripts of an array go from 0 through 9, then the size of the array is ___ _
10
Some languages, such as Visual Basic, use _____ as the not equal to operator.
<>
In languages such as Java, Python, C, and C++ the _____ operator determines whether a variable is equal to another variable.
==
The _____ operator is used to determine whether the operands are exactly the same as each other.
==
The ____ operator could be used, in some situations, to simplify nested selection structures.
AND
The _________operator requires both sub expressions to be true for the compound expression to be true.
AND
Which operator is best to determine whether x contains a value in the range of 10 through 57?
AND
Which operator would make the following expression false? True______ False
AND
What two logical operators perform short-circuit evaluation?
AND and OR
The computer uses the ____ codes to accomplish string comparison.
ASCII
Which of the following is not a check for data accuracy? a. Salary within the allowable range b. Time measurements c. ZIP codes in correct format and valid d. All of the above are checks for data accuracy e. None of the above
All of the above are checks for data accuracy
Which of the following is not an input validation error type? a. Empty input b. Incorrect data type c. Inaccurate data d. All of the above are input validation error types e. None of the above
All of the above are input validation error types
Processing a large number of items in a(n) ____ is usually easier than processing a large number of items stored in separate variables.
Array
When the elements in an array are stored from lowest to highest, the array is sorted in ----order.
Ascending
The priming read is placed ____ the loop.
Before
Which search algorithm uses three variables to mark positions within the array as it searches for the searchValue?
Binary
Which searching algorithm requires the array to be ordered?
Binary
What type of data file cannot be opened and viewed in an editor such as Notepad?
Binary file
The term _________ is used to describe any mechanism that accepts input, performs some operation that cannot be seen on the input, and produces output.
Black box
The function ____ comprises one or more statements that are executed when the function is called.
Body
The statements that appear between the While and the End While clauses are called the _________.
Body of the loop
A _____ expression evaluates as either true or false.
Boolean
A condition is a _______expression.
Boolean
Most programming languages allow you to write _______ functions, which return either True or False.
Boolean
Using a ________function many times would simplify the long compound Boolean expression that is used by a validation loop.
Boolean
_____ expressions are named in honor of mathematician George Boole.
Boolean
In addition to using loops to validate data, ______ can also be used to validate data.
Boolean Function
As the _______ sorting algorithm makes passes through and compares the elements of the array, certain values move toward the end of the array with each pass.
Bubble
What type of loop uses a Boolean expression to control the number of times that it repeats a statement or set of statements?
Condition-controlled
Which function accepts two strings as arguments, returns "True" if the first string contains the second string, and otherwise returns "False"?
Contains
Which structure is a logical design that controls the order in which a set of statements executes?
Control
What is the terminology used when a task is temporarily interrupted as a control variable reaches a specific value?
Control break logic
_____ contain information about the user's web browsing session.
Cookies
The following is an example of what type of loop? For k = 7 To maxValue
Count-controlled
Accepting February 29 in only a leap year is a check that is done :by a _____ check.
Date
Which of the following array declarations would be best suited for storing the retail prices?
Declare Real retailPrice[SIZE]
To a variable means to decrease its value.
Decrement
Designing a program to avoid common errors is called _______ programming.
Defensive
_____ programming is the practice of anticipating errors that can happen while a program is running.
Defensive
In an insertion sort, what order are the elements in an array placed using the following Boolean expression? //variable p is used to scan the array While p > 0 AND array[p-1] > array[p]
Descending
The _________symbol indicates that some condition must be tested in a flowchart.
Diamond
Which type of data file access allows access to any piece of data in the file without reading the data that comes before it?
Direct access
The _____ loop is the best choice when you want to perform a task until a condition is true.
Do-Until
The loop that iterates as long as a condition is false and then stops when the condition becomes true is called a _________loop.
Do-Until
Which loop repeats a statement or set of statements as long as the Boolean expression is false?
Do-Until
Which of these are posttest loops?
Do-While and Do-Until
The ----marker indicates where the file's content ends.
EOF or end-of-file
_______ happens when an input operation attempts to read data, but there is no data to read.
Empty input
-------is sometimes the term used for input validation.
Error trap
True/False: A file with the extension .doc usually indicates that the file contains a note written by a doctor.
False
True/False: A posttest loop does not perform any iteration if the Boolean expression is false to begin with.
False
True/False: All types of data files are viewable in a text editor.
False
True/False: An If statement will produce unpredictable results if the programmer does not use proper indentations in pseudocode.
False
True/False: Arrays, like variables, can only hold one value at a time.
False
True/False: Checking for reasonableness of data is programmatically impossible.
False
True/False: Computer programming languages are only able to perform sort algorithms on numeric arrays.
False
True/False: Data files are less and less needed in current gaming software.
False
True/False: If array name contains a list of names, name[l] is the name of the first person.
False
True/False: If the user provides bad data as input to a program, the program will correct the data and produce output.
False
True/False: In a For loop, the programmer should know the exact number of iterations the loop must perform before writing the code.
False
True/False: In a binary search, if the search fails to find the item on the first attempt, then there are 999 elements left to search in an array of 1000 elements.
False
True/False: In a sequential search algorithm, the Boolean variable used as a flag is initialized to TRUE.
False
True/False: In the For statement, you can only use positive integers as step values.
False
True/False: Input validation is not needed if the program is well designed.
False
True/False: It is possible to write a complete program using only a decision structure.
False
True/False: Most programming languages do not provide library functions that can be used for input validation.
False
True/False: One of the advantages of two- or more dimensional arrays is that the data values can be of two or more data types.
False
True/False: Programming languages have not yet started to support localization.
False
True/False: Pseudocode could be logically incorrect if not properly indented.
False
True/False: The If-Then-Else statement should be used to write a single alternative decision structure.
False
True/False: The While loop gets its name from the way it works: While a condition is false, do some task.
False
True/False: The While loop will never execute if its condition is true to start with.
False
True/False: The biggest advantage of the bubble sort algorithm is that values move only by one element at a time toward their final destination in the array.
False
True/False: The bubble sort is limited to arranging data only in acceding order.
False
True/False: The data saved in a file will remain there even after the program stops running but will be wiped out when the computer is turned off.
False
True/False: The direct access file is similar to the way an MP3 player works: the player starts from the beginning.
False
True/False: The empty read is not an obvious input error and is a difficult one to handle.
False
True/False: The first line of the case structure starts with the word CASE followed by the test expression.
False
True/False: The input column in the IPO chart describes the process the function performs on the input data.
False
True/False: The library functions in every programming language have the same function names and accept the same arguments, but their behaviors might differ slightly.
False
True/False: The number of arguments that can be passed to a function are limited in most programming languages.
False
True/False: The programmer has the option to append data anywhere in an output file.
False
True/False: The sequential search algorithm is simple and most efficient to use with a large data array.
False
True/False: The short-circuit evaluation is performed with expressions containing any logical operators.
False
True/False: The swap module is executed with three arguments to correctly swap the elements in an array.
False
True/False: The term input file is used to describe a file that data is written to.
False
True/False: The term output file is used to describe a file that data is read from.
False
True/False: The tolnteger function accepts a real number as its argument and preserves any fractional part in the returned number.
False
True/False: Unlike variables, arrays need to be initialized separately from the declaration.
False
True/False: When values in an array need to be swapped, the array and the size of the array have to be sent to the swap module.
False
What is a short sequence of characters that appears at the end of a filename and is preceded by a period called?
Filename extension
The _____ statement is specifically designed to initialize, test, and increment a counter variable.
For
Which loop is specifically designed to initialize, test, and increment a counter variable?
For
Which loop statement does not contain an increment statement but automatically increments the counter at the end of each iteration?
For
Some programming languages provide this specialized loop that steps through an array, retrieving the value of each element.
For Each
A ____ is a module that returns a value back to the part of the program that called it.
Function
The acronym ________is used by programmers to refer to the fact that computers cannot tell difference between good and bad data.
GIGO
What is the famous saying among computer programmers that refers to the fact that computers cannot tell the difference between good and bad data?
Garbage in, garbage out
The function ________ specifies the return data type, name of the function, and the parameter variable( s ).
Header
The ____ chart is a tool that programmers use when designing functions.
IPO
How many times will the following loop iterate? Set k = 1 While k< = 5 Display k End While
Infinite
In the IPO chart, the ___ column describes the data that is passed to the function as arguments.
Input
What is the term used to describe a file that data is read from?
Input file
Which sorting algorithm sorts the first two elements of an array before inserting the remaining elements into that sorted part of the array?
Insertion
In the following declaration, what is the data type of the elements of the array? Declare Integer numbers [SIZE]
Integer
What is the data type of the value returned by the random library function?
Integer
In the swap module, the third variable is declared as a ____ variable.
Local
-------is the process where a program can be configured for a specific country.
Localization
A case structure is a -----alternative decision structure.
Multiple
If the expression is false, the _____ operator will return true.
NOT
The _________operator is a unary operator as it works with only one operand.
NOT
Which of the following operators reverses the logic of its operand?
NOT
How many times will the following loop iterate? Set k = 1 While k> 5 Display k End While
No iterations
The _______ operator is best to determine whether a number is outside a range.
OR
Which operator would make the following expression true? False ___ True
OR
What type of error occurs when a loop iterates one time too few or one time too many?
Off-by-one error
How many times will the following loop iterate? Set k = 1 Do Display k Set k = k + 1 Until k > 1
One
What is the subscript for the data value 92 in the example given below? Declare Integer score [5] = 83, 92, 78, 94, 71
One
Opening a(n) file creates a file on disk and allows the program to write data to it.
Output
What type of file does the AppendMode work with?
Output file
A three-dimensional array can be thought of as ___ of two-dimensional arrays.
Pages
__________ arrays are two or more arrays that hold related data, and the elements are accessed using a common subscript.
Parallel
The purpose of the ____ is to get the first input value for the validation of a loop.
Priming read
When a piece of data is written to a file, it is copied from a variable in _____ to the file.
RAM
In an input file, what maintains the location of the next item that will be read from the file?
Read position
What is the first step to use in detecting data type mismatch errors?
Read the input as a string
Examine the following piece of code and determine the data type of the function's return value. Function Real sum (Integer num1, Integer num2) Declare Integer result Set result = num 1 + num2 Return result End Function
Real
If, when asked for a date of birth, the user enters a future date, this error should be caught by a _____ check.
Reasonableness
Which flowcharting symbol is used for opening and closing files?
Rectangle
What type of operator can be used to determine whether a specific relationship exists between two values?
Relational
What type of operators are the following? > < >= <= -- !=
Relational
Which structure causes a statement or set of statements to execute repeatedly?
Repetition
One of the statements in the function body must be a _______ statement.
Return
What term is used in the ending terminal symbol of a function flowchart?
Return
Two- dimensional arrays can be thought of as containing ____ _
Rows and columns
A loop that accumulates a total as it reads each number from a series is often said to keep a what?
Running total
The expression score[5] is pronounced ---------
Score sub 5
Which sorting algorithm moves elements to their final sorted position in the array?
Selection
The________ represents a special value that marks the end of a list of values.
Sentinel
Consider the following statement: A store is giving a discount of 30% for all purchases of over $100. Which of the following is not the appropriate structure to use to program the statement?
Sequence
Which is the simplest search technique to use to find an item in an array?
Sequential
____________ access files are easy to work with, and you can use them to gain an understanding of basic file operations.
Sequential
Which type of data file access starts from the beginning of the file and proceeds to the end of the file?
Sequential access
What is the term used for the number inside the bracket that specifies the number of values that an array can hold?
Size declarator
The term ____ is used in the For loop if the counter needs to be incremented by a value other than one.
Step
The amount by which the counter variable is incremented in a For loop is known as what?
Step amount
What type of function can be used to see if the password entered has the minimum number of characters?
String
What does the variable middle represent in a binary search algorithm?
Subscript of the midpoint
Access the individual elements in an array by using their _____ _
Subscripts
Which function returns a string within a string?
Substring
In many languages the case structure is called a _____ statement.
Switch
What type of data file can be opened and viewed in an editor such as Notepad?
Text file
Which of the following statements is true about this Boolean expression? score < 0 AND score > 100
This expression would never be true.
Which of the following statement is true about the statement below? Declare Integer score [5] = 83, 92, 78, 94, 71
This is an array declaration and initialization.
How many steps must be taken when a file is used by a program?
Three
How many times will the following loop iterate? For j = 1 To 5 Step 2 Display j End For
Three
True/False: A While loop repeats infinitely when there is no statement inside the loop body that makes the test condition false.
True
True/False: A condition-controlled loop can be used to iterate the body of the loop a specific number of times.
True
True/False: A nested decision structure can achieve the same logic as a case structure.
True
True/False: A nested decision structure can be used to test more than one condition.
True
True/False: All sorting algorithms contain a group of statements that swap values in array elements.
True
True/False: Although the sequence structure is heavily used in programming, it cannot handle every type of task.
True
True/False: An input validation loop is sometimes called an error handler.
True
True/False: Any loop that can be written as a Do-While loop can also be written as a While loop
True
True/False: Array bounds checking happens at runtime, which is while the program is running.
True
True/False: Checking for accuracy of data, even when the user provides the right type of data, is part of input validation.
True
True/False: Decision structures are also known as selection structures.
True
True/False: In a selection sort algorithm, the variable minValue holds the smallest value found in the scanned area of the array.
True
True/False: In a sequential search, each element is compared to the searchValue and the search stops when the value is found or the end of the array is encountered.
True
True/False: In a text file, all data is stored as a series of characters.
True
True/False: In an expression with an OR operator, it does not matter which sub expression is true for the compound expression to be true.
True
True/False: Library functions are built into the programming language, and can be called any time they are needed.
True
True/False: Modules can be called from statements in the body of any loop.
True
True/False: Most programming languages let you assign an integer value to a real variable without causing an error.
True
True/False: Multiple-dimensional arrays can be used to model data that occurs in multiple sets.
True
True/False: Often a Boolean function can be used to validate data.
True
True/False: Programs should be designed such that all input is inspected before it is processed and bad data is discarded.
True
True/False: Random numbers are useful in simulation programs where the computer must randomly decide how an object will behave.
True
True/False: Subscripts are used to identify specific elements in an array.
True
True/False: Swapping the contents of two variables requires a third variable that can serve as a temporary storage location.
True
True/False: The If-Then-Else statement can be used to simplify a complex nested decision structure.
True
True/False: The While and For loops are considered pretest loops because they test the condition before processing the statement( s) in the loop body.
True
True/False: The While loop is known as a pretest loop, which means it tests its condition before performing an iteration.
True
True/False: The conditions that control a loop repetition are Boolean expressions.
True
True/False: The data in an array can be sorted in either ascending or descending order.
True
True/False: The first step in calculating the average of the values in an array is to get the total of the values.
True
True/False: The function body follows the function header in a function definition.
True
True/False: The parameter list that accepts arguments is optional in a function definition.
True
True/False: The practice of anticipating errors that can happen while a program is running and designing the program to avoid those errors is called defensive programming.
True
True/False: The priming read is needed when a pretest loop is executed.
True
True/False: The sequential access file is similar to the way a cassette player works.
True
True/False: The use of a buffer increases the system's performance because writing data to memory is faster than writing to a disk.
True
True/False: The value that is returned from a function can be used just like any other value.
True
True/False: To calculate the total of the values in an array, a loop is used with an accumulator variable.
True
True/False: Variables work well in many situations, but they have limitations.
True
True/False: When a function finishes, it returns a value back to the part of the program that called it.
True
True/False: When an input file is opened, the read position is initially set to the first item in the file.
True
True/False: When processing the data in a two-dimensional array, each element has two subscripts. ANS: T
True
True/False: When using string input validation it is wise to use the library function to convert the input to upper case or lowercase so case-sensitive string comparisons can be made.
True
How many subscripts do you need to access one element in a two-dimensional array?
Two
Which of the following errors occur when a real value is attempted to be assigned to an integer variable?
Type mismatch
Input ________ is commonly done with a loop that iterates as long as an input variable contains bad data.
Validation
When the _______ loop executes, the condition is tested; if it is true, the loop body is executed, and then the loop starts over; if the condition is false, the loop terminates.
While
Which pair of loops causes a statement or set of statements to repeat as long as a condition is true?
While and Do-While
When the user enters a U.S. Address, the value entered as the ----should be checked to verify that it is both valid and in the correct format.
ZIP code
The subscript of an element in a two-dimensional array that is in Row two and Column one is ________
[1,0]
Which of the following search algorithms should be used on large arrays if speed is important? a. Binary b. Sequential c. Bubble d. Selection e. Insertion
a. Binary
Which of the following sorting algorithms is the least efficient? a. Bubble sort b. Insertion sort c. Selection sort d. All of the above e. None of the above
a. Bubble sort
Loops are used to total the values in a numeric array, by which process the loop steps through the array adding the value of each array element to the ____ _
accumulator
The variable that is used to keep the running total in a loop is called a(n) ______ _ in programming.
accumulator
A partially filled array is normally used with ___ _
an accompanying integer variable that holds the number of items that are actually stored in the array
The ________function accepts two strings as arguments and returns a third string that is created by appending the second string to the end of the first string.
append
An ___ allows you to store a group of items of the same data type together in memory.
array
When working with arrays most programming languages perform _____ , which means they do not allow programs to use invalid subscripts.
array bounds checking
If the values in an array are sorted in _____ order, they are sorted from lowest to highest.
ascending
To order an array of strings in alphabetic order, the sorting algorithm should be structured for -----order.
ascending
The ____ search algorithm locates an item in an array by repeatedly dividing the array in half.
binary
Because you do not see the internal workings of library functions, many programmers think of them as -------
black boxes
Programming languages perform array ____ checking, which means they do not allow a program to use an invalid array subscript
bounds
In the bubble sort algorithm, the movement of the sorted values is commonly described as seeming to ________ toward the end of the array.
bubble
The ____ is a small holding section in memory.
buffer
The variable r would contain the value after the execution of the following statement. Declare Integer i = 12 Declare Real r Set r = toReal (i) a. 12 b. 1.2 c. 12.0 d. 0.12 e. None of the above
c. 12.0
When a program ____ a file, it disconnects the file from the program.
closes
The process of appending one string to the end of another string is called ______ _
concatenation
When a web page is visited, the browser stores a small file on the user's computer, known as a _______.
cookie
A __________controlled loop repeats a statement or set of statements a specific number of times.
count
A count-controlled loop uses a variable known as ____ to store the number of iterations that it has performed.
counter variable or counter
Which of the following arguments must be passed when passing an array as an argument? a. The array itself b. An integer that specifies the number of elements in the array c. The data type of the array d. A and B e. A and C
d. A and B
Which of the following is a logical operator? a. AND b. NOT c. OR d. All of the above e. None of the above
d. All of the above
Which of the following is a sorting algorithm? a. Bubble sort b. Selection sort c. Insertion sort d. All of the above e. None of the above
d. All of the above
Which of the following statements is true after the execution of the following statement? Set needANumber = random(5, 10) a. A random number is generated between 5 and 10. b. The random number is assigned to the variable needANumber. c. The numbers 5 and 10 are the arguments of the random number function. d. All of the above e. None of the above
d. All of the above
You cannot store a mixture of _____ in an array.
data
All the values in an array must be of the same _____ _
data type
When a program performs actions only under certain conditions, it is using a ___ _ structure.
decision
In a For loop a negative step value is used to ____ the counter variable.
decrement
The statement( s) that immediately follow the ________ statement is executed if the test expression in the case structure does not match any case values.
default
If the values in an array are sorted in _____ order, then they are stored from highest to lowest.
descending
The ____ symbol is used to represent a selection structure in flowcharting.
diamond
In a decision structure, one path is taken if a condition is true and the other path is taken if the condition is false.
dual alternative
Random numbers are commonly used in which type of program? a. Games b. Simulations c. Statistical analysis d. Data encryption e. All of the above
e. All of the above
Which of the following software packages store data in files? a. Word processors b. Image editors c. Games d. Web browsers e. All of the above
e. All of the above
In a binary search, what is the maximum number of comparisons that need to be performed if the array contained 1000 elements? a. 1000 b. 500 c. 250 d. 100 e. None of the above
e. None of the above
In the bubble sort algorithm, the two arguments sent into the swap module are ____ a. array[index] and array[index-1] · b. array[index+1] and array[index-1] c. array[index-1] and array[index+1] d. array[index-1] and array[index] e. None of the above
e. None of the above
Which of the following is optional when writing a function definition? a. Function header b. Function body c. Data type d. Return statement e. None of the above
e. None of the above
The storage locations in an array are known as-------
elements
The -------occurs when the user presses the ENTER key without typing a value for an input operation.
empty input
In most languages, if a file with the specified external name already exists when the file is opened, the contents of the existing file will be ____
erased
When a function is called, it is ____ _
executed
The-------usually indicates the type of data stored in the file.
extension or filename extension
In an If-Then-Else statement, the Else clause marks the beginning of the statements to be executed when the Boolean expression is-------
false
When a program needs to save data for later use, it writes the data to a ___ _
file
Boolean variables are commonly used as ____ , which indicate: whether a specific condition exits.
flags
A(n) ________ loop continues to repeat until the program is interrupted.
infinite
An error trap can be performed by a(n) _________ validation loop.
input
The integrity of a program's output is only as good as the integrity of the program's ___ _
input
You should design your programs in such a way that bad _____ is never accepted.
input
An input validation that accepts strings in mixed case would have incorporated a case---- string comparison operation.
insensitive
Which of the following library functions could be used to validate that the correct data type was input for an amount of money?
isReal
The ____ function can be used to determine whether a string can be converted to an integer.
islnteger
To validate if the input data is a valid integer, use the ____ library function.
islnteger
The total number of _____ of a nested loop is the product of the number of iterations of all the loops.
iterations or repetitions
The _________function accepts a string as its argument and returns the number of characters in the string.
length
The string _________function plays a role in the string's validity when a minimum number of characters are required to be entered.
length
Which of the following library functions could be used to validate the length of a string?
length
Arrays are designed to store and process a ____ of data.
list
In a count-controlled loop the test action compares the counter variable to the ____ value to determine if the loop iterates or terminates.
maximum
In a selection sort, which variable holds the subscript of the element with the smallest value found in the scanned area of the array?
minlndex
The word OutputFile indicates the ____ in which the file is used.
mode
For an array of n items, the maximum number of comparisons in a sequential search is __ _
n
For an array of n items, the average number of comparisons in a sequential search is __ _
n / 2
A structure that has a loop that is inside another loop is called a ____ loop
nested
In most programming languages, an array size declarator must be a ____ integer.
nonnegative
In the bubble sort algorithm, the second loop iterates ___ for each of the unsorted array elements.
once
There can be only ___ return value from a function to the called module.
one
The process of ____ a file creates a connection between the file and the program.
opening
An inner loop goes through all of its iterations for every single iteration of the _______ loop
outer
The ----column describes the data that is returned from the function in an IPO chart.
output
The ----file is used to describe a file that data is written to.
output
In flowcharting, the ____ symbol is used to read data from a file.
parallelogram
In a flowchart of a function, the starting terminal symbol states the name of the function, along with any ________that the function has.
parameters
A ____ loop could be used to validate input instead of using the priming read.
posttest
The Do-While loop is a _____ loop
posttest
Programs that contain a priming read have a ____ loop.
pretest
The input operation that is performed just before a validation loop is known as the ___ _
priming read
In the ____ step the data is either written to the file or read from the file.
processing
The direct access file is also known as a -----access file.
random
When a program performs the task of retrieving data from a file, it is known as ____ data from/to the file.
reading
Data in a file is organized in ___ , which are a complete set of data about an item.
records
When using a module to swap the values in two variables, the arguments must be passed into ____ parameters in the module.
reference
In a sorting algorithm, the sort order can be changed by changing the ______ _ operator.
relational
A ------structure is commonly known as a loop.
repetition
Examine the following piece of code and state the return value of the function. Function Integer product (Integer num1, Integer num2) Declare Real result Set result = num 1 + num2 Return result End Function
result
A _____ statement specifies the value that is returned from the function when the function ends.
return
What is the term used for the value that is searched for in a search algorithm?
searchValue
When placing the elements in an array ·in descending order, the ____ sort begins by finding and placing the largest value in element 0.
selection
When a loop rejects any input except the strings "yes" and "no" then it is performing a case_____ comparison.
sensitive
When processing a long list of values with a loop, the program knows it has reached the end of the list when the _____ value is read.
sentinel
The ______ search algorithm stops when the item is found or the end of the array is reached.
sequential
The advantage of the ____ search is its simplicity.
sequential
When the _____ fails to locate an item, it must make a comparison with every element in the array.
sequential search
The expression with an AND operator _______ when the expression on its left is false and so it does not evaluate the expression on its right.
short circuits
The--------decision structure provides only one alternative path of execution.
single alternative
A(n) _______algorithm is a technique for stepping through an array and rearranging its contents in some order.
sorting
The ___ function accepts an argument and returns the square root of the argument.
sqrt
The ____ function does the same thing as using the mathematical A operator.
sqrt
A function is a group of ____ that perform a specific task.
statements
Every element in an array is assigned a unique number known as a ______
subscript
In the bubble sort algorithm, the maxElement variable will hold the ___ of the last element that is to be compared to its immediate neighbor.
subscript
Using a loop's counter variable as a _____ makes it possible to perform the same action on each element in an array.
subscript
By using the same ______ , a relationship can be established with the data stored between two or more arrays
subscripts
The _____ statement is commonly used in programming languages for case structure.
switch
To successfully swap the contents of two variables, we need a third variable that can serve as a _____ storage location.
temporary
The value of the _________is compared with the values that follow each of the Case statements when a Select Case statement executes.
test expression
A file contains data that has been encoded as text, using one of the computer's encoding schemes.
text
In a count-controlled loop, the counter performs ___ action(s).
three
There are always ____ steps that must be taken when a file is used by a program.
three
When a payroll program verifies that no value greater than 168 is entered for the number of hours worked in a week, it is performing a _________check.
time measurement
Which of the following library functions could be used to simplify the process of string validation?
toUpper
Declaring a two-dimensional array requires ___ size declarators
two
In a selection sort, when changing from ascending to descending order, only ___________ modifications need to be made to the algorithm.
two
In general, how many types of files are there?
two
Passing an array as an argument requires that you pass _____ argument(s).
two
The following loop will perform iterations. For start = 6 To 2 Step -3
two
When writing a program to perform a file operation, there are ____ names that you have to work with in the program's code.
two
A--------array is like several identical arrays put together.
two-dimensional
After the string is read it is determined if it can be converted to the desired data type in a ------error.
type mismatch
When ________ data is entered by the user, the program should at least ask the user to confirm that he or she intended to enter it.
unreasonable
The first step in finding the highest value in an array is to create a _____ to hold the highest value
variable
Programmers usually refer to the process of saving data to a file as ______ a file.
writing data to
Which statement is true after the execution of the following statements? Set t = x Set x = y Set y = t
x and y swapped their values
Which statement is true after the execution of the following statements? Set x = y Set y = x
x contains the value in y and y stayed the same
Which of the following statements is true after the execution of the following statement? y = abs(x)
y contains the absolute value of the value in x
In a selection sort, the minValue is set to element __ in the first iteration of the outer loop.
zero
In programming, the characters in a string are each identified by its position number, and the first character is in position number ___ _
zero
The first subscript in a one-dimensional array is ______ _
zero