nutrition :-(
How does a high quality protein differ from a low-quality protein?
High quality protein contains ample amounts of nine essential amino acids. Low quality protein contains low amounts of amino acids.
which of the following substances is a provitamin or a precursor vitamin?
beta-carotene
what is the function of calcium in the body?
blood clotting, muscle contraction
how is water lost in the body?
breathing, sweating, digestion
Adding a small amount of ____ to cooked vegetables can enhance the intestinal tract's ability to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins they contain
butter
How do antioxidants protect our cells from free radicals?
by giving up electrons to radicals
What is vitamin d's function in the body?
regulating neuromuscular and immune function
Why is milk fortified with vitamin d?
to reduce the risk of rickets
How does the body process unneeded amino acids?
unnecessary amino acids are deaminated in the liver
water soluble
thiamin, niacin, vitamina c
How much water should a person consume each day? What contributes to total water intake?
11 cups for young women and 15.5 for young men. Other sources such as soup or milk
Cameron was born with a condition that requires him to limit eating foods that contain phenylalanine. Based on this information, cameron has
PKU
Which of the following statements is true? a) vitamins are classifed as being soluble in either alcohol or fat b) the first vitamin was discovered in 1960 c) biotin is a vitamin-like substance for humans d) Scientists think all vitamins have been discovered
Scientists think all vitamins have been discovered
How do ADH and aldosterone participate in water conservation?
The posterior pituitary gland in the brain secretes ADH which signals the kidneys to conserve water.
Why did the blood cell in the beaker shrink in size?
The solution in beaker B has an excess of sodium ions compared to beaker a. Water moves out of the red blood cell placed in beaker b, shrinking the blood cell.
How do vitamins help neutralize free radicals?
They reduce the toxic effects
How are calcium levels regulated in the body?
Thyroid and parathyroid glands
Which of the following statements is true? a) application of heat, alcohol, or acid can kill proteins b) a protein molecule loses its natural folded and coiled shape as well as its usual functions when it undergoes hydrogenation c) Transamination is the process of removing the nitrogen group from an amino acid and transferring it to another substance d) the human digestive tract cannot digest the peptide bonds that hold amino acids together
Transamination is the process of removing the nitrogen group from an amino acid and transferring it to another substance
What is water intoxication?
When an excessive amount of water is consumed in a short time or the kidney's have trouble filtering water from blood
what is a vitamin?
a complex organic compound that regulates certain metabolic processes in the body
What is a mineral?
a group of elements in earth's rocks, soils, and natural water sources
to conserve the vitamin content of foods,
a stir fry instead of boil
What is a free radical?
a substance with an unpaired electron
how does caffeine and alcohol act as diuretics?
alcohol inhibits ADH secretion from the pituitary gland in the brain, enabling the kidneys to eliminate more urine.
which of the following compounds is a hormone that helps the body maintain fluid balance?
aldosterone
How do vegans make sure they receive all required amino acids in their diets?
amino acids are the building blocks of protein. Vegans can attain protein through nuts, seeds, grains
A researcher has isolated an organic, water-soluble chemical from roses. After performing in-vivo tests, the scientist determines that the chemical supplies no energy for cells, but protects cell membranes from being damaged by certain environmental factors. Based on this information, the researcher may have been discovered a
antioxidant
an ____ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals
antioxidant
Proteins
are comprised of amino acids
diastolic pressure
arrows point in
Systolic pressure
arrows point out
Explain how a deficiency in vitamin a can lead to night blindness?
associated with the vision process. Rod and cones need vitamin a to function properly.
which of the following substances is a mild diuretic?
caffeine
What hormones and cells regulate calcium in the body?
calcitriol, calcitonin and parathyroid
What is celiac disease?
cannot tolerate foods that contain gluten
What is xerophthalmia?
condition affecting the eyes that is due to vitamin A deficiency
which of the following vitamins can be made by the human body?
d
dehydration can cause
death
The nutrition facts panel on a food label
does not include information about the product's protein quality
Parathyroid hormone
enhances the body's ability to retain calcium
How does enrichment differ from fortification?
enrichment program has specified amounts that manufacturers must add to their milled grain products. Fortification is the addition of any nutrient to food
exogenous
external
Which of the following food supplies the most bioavailable calcium per 1 cup serving?
fat-free milk
How do the kidney's regulate water in the body?
filtering excess ions from blood as it flows through the kidney's tissues
endogenous
internal
Which of the following foods contains the most water by weight?
leaf lettuce
Osteoporosis is characterized by
loss of bone mass and structure
what are the functions of water in the body?
major solvent, removing waster products
Which of the following statements is true? a) the body stores vitamins in the liver, spleen and bones b) most vitamins cannot be synthesized by the human body c) the body excretes fat-soluable vitamins more easily than water-soluable d) vitamins supply about 2 kcal per gram
most vitamins cannot be synthesized by the human body
diffusion
movement of substances from a region of higher to lower concentration
Every amino acid has _____ in its chemical structure
nitrogen
Which of the following substances is an enzyme that participates in the digestion of proteins?
pepsin
What enzymes are used to digest proteins?
pepsin, trypsin, chymotrysin
The chemical attraction between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid can form a
peptide bond
What is the bond called that joins two amino acids? What two components are joined to form a peptide bond?
polypeptide. acid group and amino group
Three year old Jamie is a healthy, active child. Based on this information, his body is in _________ nitrogen balance
positive
maintenance of normal intracellular fluid volume depends largely on the intracellular concentration of _____ions
potassium
Why is fluoride added to water?
preventing tooth decay
What are some pros and cons of being a vegetarian?
pro- more fiber in diet, con- no meat
deamination
process of removing the nitrogen-containing group from an unneeded amino acid
_____is the most biologically active form of vitamin a in the body.
retinol
maintenance of normal extracellular fluid volume depends largely on the extracellular concentration of _____ions
sodium and chloride
what is rickets?
soft bones, depressed growth, reduced immune system functioning
hyperthermia occurs when the body's
temperature is too high
Leona is making lemon pudding from "scratch". Her ingredients include fat-free milk, cornstarch, lemon juice, egg yolks, salt, sugar, and butter. When she added some of the ingredients together, little clumps formed in the mixture before she could heat it. What happened to those ingredients?
the acid in the lemon juice denatured the milk proteins
Why is vitamin d considered the sunshine vitamin?
the body can make vitamin d when skin cells are exposed to the sun's radiation
osmosis
the diffusion of a solvent
transamination
the transfer of an amino group to amino acid to a receiving compound
why are free radicals dangerous?
they are highly reactive
fat soluble
vitamins A, D, E, and k
how does a vitamin differ from a mineral?
vitamins are organic and minerals are inorganic
__________ are fat- soluble vitamins
vitamins e, k and d
How can a protein be denatured?
when it is exposed to various conditions that alter the macronutrient's natural folded and coiled shape
what are factors that effect the bioavailability of calcium?
xalate and phytate present in plant-based foods.
which of the following statements is true? a) most food labels include information about the bioavailability of protein in the product. b) you can judge a packaged food's protein quality by reviewing the ingredients list c) the nutrition facts panel provides information about a product's essential amino acid content d) nutrient labels are not required to include information about the grams of protein in a serving of the food.
you can judge a packaged food's protein quality by reviewing the ingredients list
