CIT 352 Exam 1 Study Prep

In a file's mode, a permission that is unavailable is represented by what character? * + ? -

-

The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard specifies what directory as the root user's home directory? /bin /home/root /boot /root

/root

Under the root directory in Linux, which directory contains system commands and utilities? /opt /var /boot /usr

/usr

In the event that you wish to disable a swap partition, what command must be used?​ ​umount swapoff ​delete_swap ​swapdrop

Correct! ​swapoff

​In the fdisk interactive mode, what letter can be used to save changes to the partition table and exit? ​s w ​q ​d

Correct! ​w

The iptables software on Linux is an example of what kind of software?​ ​Routing ​Anti-virus Firewall​ ​Proxy

Firewall

What software type is software that is distributed free of charge, but the source code is not available? Open source software Shareware Close source software Freeware

Freeware

To which license does Linux adhere? open license artistic license GNU General Public License free source license

GNU General Public License free source license

What stipulates that the source code of any software published under its license must be freely available. GNU Public License Free Software Foundation Freeware Artistic License

GNU Public License

Which of the following is the greatest expense for companies using Linux? Additional software Operating system cost Hiring people to maintain the Linux system Software upgrades

Hiring people to maintain the Linux system

What Linux distribution is the most commonly used distribution within organizations today? Mandrake SuSE Debian Red Hat

Red Hat

Who formed the Free Software Foundation to promote open development? Dennie Ritchie Richard Stallman Linus Torvalds Ken Thompson

Richard Stallman

What command can be used to check different kinds of filesystems on Linux for errors? chkdsk fs_check errorchk fsck

fsck

In Fedora 20, what terminal is used for graphical login?​ ​tty0 ​tty1 ​tty2 ​tty4

tty1

What is the minimum number of user accounts that must be created at install time? one two three four

two

What file system below is used by software programs that write to a CD-RW or DVD-RW drive? ntfs udf ext2 hpfs

udf

What argument can be used with the chmod command to add read permission and remove write permission for a group on a file? u+r+w g-r+w g+r-w o+r-w

g+r-w

Select the command below that shows the size of a directory and its contents in kilobytes:​ ​df ​du ​sizeof ​dir

​du

What directory under / contains the log files and spools for a Linux system?​ ​/boot ​/usr ​/opt /var

/var

Which command would a user type on the command line to find out what directory in the directory tree he is currently in? pd cd where pwd

pwd

Which culture embraced the term GNU (GNU's Not UNIX) and laid the free software groundwork for Linux? the hacker culture the MIT culture the cracker culture The Artificial Intelligence culture

the hacker culture

What command can be used to display the last five lines of a text file? end -5 head -5 stop -5 tail -5

tail -5

An archive of files that usually contain scripts that install the software contents to the correct location on the system is referred to as a: router package manager DBMS tarball

tarball

The section of an inode that stores permissions is referred to as what? the tail of the file the head of the file the mode of the file the accessor of the file

the mode of the file

In order to quickly create an empty file, what command can be used?​ ​vim file1 touch file1 ​echo file1 ​create file1

touch file1

Which prompt does the root user receive when logged in to the system? $ @ # !

#

The contents of a certain variable in memory can be viewed using which metacharacter below in combination with the echo command? $ * & #

$

hat metacharacter indicates background command execution? @ ^ & !

&

Which switch below can be added to the ls command to show a list of files and their type? -T -L -F -l

-F

The mkfs command can be issued with what switch in order to specify a filesystem type? -t -f -c -o

-t

The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard specifies what directory as containing the Linux kernel and the boot loader configuration files? /load /bin /boot /mnt

/boot

Which device file below represents the first primary partition on the second PATA hard disk drive? /dev/hdc1 /dev/hdb1 /dev/hda1 /dev/hdc2

/dev/hdb1

What character device file represents the second serial port on a system (COM2)? /dev/ttyS0 /dev/tty2 /dev/tty1 /dev/ttyS1

/dev/ttyS1

In what year was the source code for the Linux kernel released? 1987 1990 1991 1993

1991

(Refer to Card 121) What will be in location 931 after the above code is executed? 2 1 7 4

2

What is the recommended size for the /home directory? 100 MB 200 MB 500 MB 1000 MB

200 MB

Which of the following kernels are developmental kernels? 3.3.4 3.5.5 3.2.7 3.4.4

3.3.4 3.5.5

(Refer to Card 121) What will be in location 930 after completing the code above? 2 4 3 7

4

A hard drive or SSD can be divided into partitions. What is the maximum number of primary partitions that can be used on these devices? 4 8 16 32

4

​At the vi command mode prompt, what key combination below will force a quit from the vi editor without saving changes? ​:q :q! ​:exit ​:!

:q!

What metacharacter can be used to issue two commands to be run in consecutive order, without piping or redirecting output? \ & ; |

;

When issuing the ls -F command, what special character indicates a linked file? @ * & =

@

Which of the following are characteristics of Open Source Software? The value of the software is directly related to its price. The software is developed collaboratively. The source code for software is available for a small fee. Any bugs are fixed quickly.

Any bugs are fixed quickly The software is developed collaboratively.

What is the most common open source Web server available for Linux? Samba Apache Quid Pine

Apache

Which type of open source license ensures that the source code of a program is freely available while also allowing the original author of the source code some control over the changes made to it?​ ​Freeware ​Shareware ​GPL Artistic

Artistic

What is the default shell in Linux called? SH BSH CSH BASH

BASH

Dennis Ritchie invented what programming language, which was then used to rewrite the UNIX operating system?​ ​PERL ​Python Pascal ​C

C

Which option, when used with the mount command, enables loopback mode so that an iso image can be mounted onto a directory?​ ​--loop -o loop ​--mode l ​--option l

Correct! ​-o loop

What hex code is associated with a Linux swap type partition?​ ​12 ​82 ​83 ​96

Correct! ​82

Select the command that can be used to check an ext2, ext3, or ext4 filesystem:​ ​mke2fs ​ext2fsck ​fdisk e2fsck

Correct! ​e2fsck

What computer system was the first to run the UNIX operating system?​ ​Apple II DEC PDP-7 Sun ​SPARC ​IBM 5150

DEC PDP-7

What installation media source is the most common source for Linux packages? DVD NFS hard disk CD-ROM

DVD

Which two people are accredited with creating the UNIX operating system? (Choose two answers.) Dennis Ritchie Richard Stallman Linus Torvalds Correct! Ken Thompson

Dennis Ritchie

The LISP artificial intelligence programming language can be used with which text editor below? Kedit editor Joe editor Emacs editor Nedit editor

Emacs editor

What service provides a method for the efficient transfer of files over the Internet? FTP HTML SMTP Telnet

FTP

After typing the ls -F command, you notice that there is a file whose filename begins with an * asterisk character.What does this mean? It is a hidden file. It is a linked file. It is a special device file. It is an executable file

It is an executable file

What does the setfacl -b command do?​ ​It removes all extra ACL assignments on a given file ​It sets 7777 on a given file or folder for all users / groups ​The file's user / group ownership is changed to to root / root ​The file's ACL assignments are created and are then ready to be modified.

It removes all extra ACL assignments on a given file

​The QT toolkit is utilized by which GUI environment? ​GNOME ​Enlightenment KDE ​Xfce

KDE

Which common GUI environments are available in most Linux distributions? GNOME CDE KDE RPM

KDE GNOME

Linux was developed by ______ to resemble the ______ operating system. Linus Torvalds, MINIX Linux Torvalds, GNU Richard Stallman, GNU Richard Stallman, MINIX

Linus Torvalds, MINIX

When the core components of the Linux operating system are packaged together with other Open Source Software, it is called a: new kernel new platform Linux distribution GNU Project

Linux distribution

What are some good reasons for using Linux in a corporate environment? Correct! Linux software is unlikely to become abandoned by its developers. Linux is secure and has a lower total cost of ownership than other operating systems. Linux is widely available for many platforms and supports many programming languages. Most Linux software is closed source.

Linux is widely available for many platforms and supports many programming languages. Linux is secure and has a lower total cost of ownership than other operating systems.

The mutt software is an example of what type of mail service software on Linux?​ ​Mail Transfer Agent ​Mail Delivery Agent Mail User Agent ​Mail Transport Agent

Mail User Agent

Proxy servers keep track of the information passed to each client by maintaining what type of table?​ firewall ​routing Network Address Translation (NAT) ​caching

Network Address Translation (NAT)

Many types of software are available today. Which type of software does Linux represent? Open Source Software closed source software freeware shareware

Open Source Software

When using command-line terminal, specific letters that start with a dash ("-") and appear after command names are considered to be: Arguments Options Keywords Metacharacters

Options

How can you specify a text pattern that must be at the beginning of a line of text using a regular expression? Precede the string with a /. Follow the string with a \. Precede the string with a $. Precede the string with a ^.

Precede the string with a ^.

How can a user switch from insert mode to command mode when using the vi editor? Press the Ctrl+Alt+Del keys simultaneously. Press the Del key. Type in a : character. Press the Esc key.

Press the Esc key

Which of the following can be used on Linux to provide file and print services? Samba Apache Quid Pine

Samba

If enough unique letters of a directory name have been typed, what key can be pressed to activate the BASH shell's completion feature? Alt Tab Ctrl Esc

Tab

​The overall cost of using a particular operating system is known as? Total cost of ownership (TCO) ​Owner Related Expense (ORE) ​Cost to Own (CTO) ​Return on Investment (ROI)

Total cost of ownership (TCO)

The operating system software is necessary for a computer to function. True or False?

True

A hypothetical 16 bit machine supports these four bit opcodes with 12 bit addresses: 1010 Store AC to memory 1011 Load AC from memory 1100 Add memory to AC 1101 Substract AC from memory The memory contents are: 600 B931 601 C931 602 A930 930 0007 931 0002 This PC contains 600

Use this on the next three questions

In Linux, the core component of the GUI is known as: GNOME KDE X Windows Red Hat

X Windows

Using wildcard metacharacters, how can one indicate a number is either 1, 2, 3, or 4? 1-4 [1-4] [!1234] [1,2,3,4]

[1-4]

Which of the following are common methods for gaining support for Linux? HOWTO documents at http://www.linuxdoc.org a local Linux User Group Internet newsgroups all of the above

all of the above

A calendar for the current month can be shown on the command line by issuing which command? date cal w id

cal

To display the contents of a text file called data, what command should be used? disp data ls data ls -l data cat data

cat data

A user typed in the command pwd and saw the output: /home/jim/sales/pending. How could that user navigate to the /home/jim directory? cd . . cd /jim cd . . / . . cd . /.

cd . . / . .

In order to move from the /home/joe/test/data to the /home/joe directory, what command below should be issued? cd .. cd ../.. /home/joe cd ./..

cd ../..

If a user's current directory is home/mary/project1, which command could she use to move to the etc directory directly under the root? cd . . cd /home/mary/etc cd etc cd /etc cd \etc

cd /etc

A device that transfers data in a character-by-character fashion is referred to as what type of device? text block character binary

character

In order to set all of the special permissions on a certain file or directory, which command below should be used on a file named filename? chmod 777 filename chmod 7777 filename chmod 6666 filename chmod 0000 filename

chmod 7777 filename

Which command blanks the terminal screen erasing previously displayed output? erase clean blank clear

clear

The vi editor can function in which two of the following modes? (Choose both that apply.) text command input interactive Correct! insert

command

In what mode does the vi editor open by default?​ ​append mode ​insert mode ​overview mode command mode

command mode

What command can be used to copy files? copy mv cp cpy

cp

In vi, using command mode, what ​series of key presses below will cause the line on which the cursor is on to be deleted? ​X dd ​yw ​d

dd

What piece of software tells the operating system how to use a specific hardware device? graphical user interface system service device driver user interface

device driver

Which command below provides the easiest method for monitoring free space on mounted filesystems? df fs du fd

df

What permission (when applied to a directory) allows a user to enter the directory and work with directory contents?​ ​read ​write execute ​sticky bit

execute

After a shell is no longer needed, what command can be given to exit the shell? exit stop reset quit

exit

Select the command that can be used to create partitions that will be stored in an MBR after installation: format formatdisk fdisk partition

fdisk

What command is most effective at identifying different types of files?​ cat ​ls -l ​ll ​file

file

What will the following wildcard regular expression return: file[a-c]? filea-c filea, filec filea, fileb, filec fileabc

filea, fileb, filec

Errors on a filesystem are common on most filesystems. What do these errors indicate? filesystem breaks filesystem corruption raid degradation hard drive failures

filesystem corruption

What command can you use to safely shut down the Linux system immediately? shutdown -c shutdown -r down halt

halt

What equivalent to the man command generally provides an easier-to-read description of the queried command and also contains links to other related information? who man help man -descriptive info

info

In order to create a hard link, what command must be used? ln link lnk lk

ln

Select the command below that utilizes a premade database that contains a list of all the files on a system: search id find locate

locate

Select the command below that can be used to provide a long listing for each file in a directory: ls -T ls -L ls -F ls -l

ls -l

You know a Linux command will perform a desired function for you, but you cannot remember the full name of the command. You do remember it will flush a variable from your system. Which command typed at a command displays a list of commands that would likely contain the command you desire? man -k flush man -k find all man flush man -key flush

man -k flush

The apropos list command produces the same results as which command below? man -j list man -k list man -l list man -m list

man -k list

Select the utility below that when run will start and perform a thorough check of RAM for hardware errors:​ ​memcheck68 memtest86 ​fixram ​fsck

memtest86

When viewing the version number for a Linux kernel, what number indicates the stability of the kernel? major number revision number minor number production kernel number

minor number

A production kernel refers to a kernel whose: revision number is even minor number is odd major number is odd minor number is even

minor number is even

To mount all filesystems in the /etc/fstab file that are intended to mount at boot time, what command can be used? mount -o mount -f mount -u mount -a

mount -a

Linux is a ______ and ______ operating system. production, stable multiuser, multitasking processing, operating large, useful

multiuser, multitasking

Which of the following are factors that determine which Linux distribution a user will use? package manager support hardware platform kernel features language support

package manager support hardware platform kernel features language support

​What command below can be used to create a new physical volume? ​lvcreate ​pvcreate ​new_pv ​pvdisk

pvcreate

What command can be issued to confirm what directory you are in at a command line prompt? dir pwd whereami ld

pwd

A special device file is used to ______. enable proprietary custom-built devices to work with Linux represent hardware devices such as hard disk drives and ports keep a list of device settings specific to each individual user do nothing in Linux

represent hardware devices

What command below takes a list of arguments specifying the absolute or relative pathnames of files to remove? del Correct! rm remove delete

rm

In what filesystem are most of the operating system files contained? boot data mnt root

root

Which of the following refers to the third primary partition on the second SCSI hard disk within Linux? hdb2 sda3 hdb3 sdb3

sdb3

After logging into a terminal, a user will receive an interface known as which option below? processor user interface swap memory shell

shell

After you log into a terminal, you receive a user interface called a ______. GUID shell text box command screen

shell

Every computer consists of physical components and non-physical components. The non-physical components of a computer that understand how to work with the physical components are referred to as: hardware records software processors

software

Which command searches for and displays any text contents of a binary file? text strings od less

strings

The quotas for certain users can be edited by using which command? edquota chquota usrquota repquota

usrquota

What term describes the physical hardware and the underlying operating system upon which a virtual machine runs?​ ​virtual gateway ​virtual leader virtual host ​virtual center

virtual host

The Linux kernel exists as a file named:​ vmlinuz ​vmlinux ​kernel.0 ​krn.linux

vmlinuz

The core component of the Linux operating system in the Linux kernel. If you were a Linux systems administrator for a company, when would you need to upgrade your Linux kernel? (Choose all that apply.) when you need to have support in Linux for new hardware when you need another user interface when you need to increase the stability of Linux when you need to use kernel modules

when you need to have support in Linux for new hardware when you need to increase the stability of Linux

Which command displays the users who are currently logged in to the Linux system? finger who id date

who

Which Linux command can be utilized to display your current login name? who whoami id w

whoami

​Select the mode below that corresponds to setting r-x: 1​ ​2 5​ ​6

5

(Refer to Card 121) What will be in PC after the above code is executed? 602 603 600 931

603

When using the chmod command, the mode rwx can be represented by which number? 0 1 7 8

7

Which of the following key combinations, commonly used in the vi editor command mode, displays current line statistics? $ x Ctrl+g P

Ctrl+g

In the GNU Emacs editor, what key combination can be used to delete all characters between the cursor and the end of the line?​ ​dd ​Ctrl+d ​Ctrl+k ​Ctrl+a

Ctrl+k

What section of a filesystem contains information about the filesystem in general? inode table inode data blocks superblock

superblock

Which two partitions do you typically create at minimum during a Fedora Linux installation? (Choose two answers.) Correct! / /boot swap /home

swap

To display a text file in reverse order, what command should be used?​ ​cat tac ​tee ​sed

tac

What permission grants a user the ability to open, read, and edit the contents of a file? write execute read alter

write

​What permission (when assigned to a file) grants a user the ability to open, read, and edit the contents of a file? ​read write ​execute ​sticky bit

write

Which character(s) below represent extended regular expression metacharacter(s)? . [...] ^ {}

{}

What metacharacter can be used to refer to the current user's home directory? ˜ @ & #

˜

What option, when added to the rm command, is commonly referred to as the -resume option? ​-d -r ​-f ​-i

​-r

The GNU General Public License (GPL) was developed by which organization?​ ​Free Software Foundation (FSF) ​Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) ​Microsoft ​Sun Microsystems

​Free Software Foundation (FSF)

Prior to performing an installation of Linux, the hardware components of the target system should be checked against what known compatible list below?​ Software / Hardware List (SHL)​ ​Known Working Devices (KWD) Hardware Compatibility List (HCL) ​Compatible Hardware List (CHL)

​Hardware Compatibility List (HCL)

The Linux kernel was developed and released in 1991 by:​ ​Richard Stallman ​Linus Torvalds ​Andrew Tannenbaum ​Dennis Ritchie

​Linus Torvalds

Some Linux distributions have the ability to boot an image from install media and run entirely from RAM. What is the name for this kind of image?​ ​open media image ​live media image ​runtime media image ​forensic media image

​live media image