CITI Social and Behavioral Responsible Conduct of Research

Which of the following is a responsibility of each author?

Confirming that data have been accurately presented in the paper.

The main reason that the Royal Society of London developed the modern form of peer review was to:

Control the quality of published papers.

Which of the following statements is true concerning data selection?

Establishing a data selection strategy prior to collecting data decreases the chance of a biased outcome.

The main focus of NIH's conflict of interest policy is:

Financial conflicts of interest

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the review process for grant proposals?

Funding agencies usually have committees, often with external reviewers, that assess the quality of the proposal.

Which of the following most accurately describes a conflict of commitment?

It occurs when outside activities interfere with obligations to one's primary employer.

Which statement most accurately describes the process leading to the development of the Nuremberg Code:

It was created in response to the harms caused by Nazi researchers around the time of the Second World War.

Which of the following is the primary criterion for authorship?

Having made a significant intellectual contribution to the work.

An idea is most likely to represent "common knowledge" if:

It can be safely assumed that the readers and the author are both thoroughly familiar with the idea and its source.

Which of the following most accurately describes the practice of ghost authorship?

It is a situation where the individual who wrote the manuscript is not listed as an author.

According to the U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy, falsification involves:

Manipulating research materials, equipment, or processes, or changing or omitting data.

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the mentoring relationship?

Mentors teach trainees about aspects of academic life that are not covered in textbooks.

If there is sufficient evidence to proceed, what is the next main phase that takes place after the inquiry in response to a research misconduct allegation?

An investigation

Which of the following is most directly related to successful mentoring?

Someone who is committed to the professional development of the trainee.

Which of the following situations is most likely to constitute an instance of plagiarism?

Summarizing a published article in 2-3 distinct paragraphs and including this in a paper.

The defining characteristic of a mentor is someone who:

Takes a sincere interest in the growth and development of a trainee.

The reuse of one's previously published material in a new journal article is most appropriate if:

The author informs all the relevant parties and obtains permission to do so.

What is the most appropriate process for research collaborators to use in determining which journal they should submit their work to?

The research team should discuss the issue early on and while the project is ongoing.

In any collaboration, data ownership is typically determined by

The type and source of funds used to support the project.

According to federal research misconduct policies, what is the maximum number of consecutive words that one can use before it is classified as an instance of plagiarism?

There is no official, federal standard for the number of consecutive words that can be used.

What is the primary responsibility of oversight bodies (such as an IRB or IACUC)?

To determine compliance with regulatory requirements, including those relating to protecting research subjects.

Which author is normally responsible for sharing reprints of a publication with readers?

Which author is normally responsible for sharing reprints of a publication with readers?

Which statement best describes the role of an IRB:

A committee that reviews different types of human subjects research

The entity that normally is supposed to determine whether an academic researcher's conflict of interest can be managed is:

A conflict of interest committee

What is the most appropriate course of action for a trainee who has a problem with a mentor?

After trying to communicate directly with the mentor, the trainee should seek advice from a senior person that the trainee trusts.

Which of the following is true about the management of conflicts of interest?

Management plans are often created to reduce the impact of conflicts of interest.

Which of the following statements best exemplifies the importance of mentoring?

A mechanism to transmit values and standards of professional conduct.

If a friendship with an applicant could interfere with a hiring decision, this is typically referred to as:

A personal conflict of interest.

Which of following protocols is the one that is most likely to require IRB review?

A study to evaluate a newly designed wheelchair by asking elderly individuals to use it.

Which of the following is true regarding data analysis?

Data analysis methods should usually be specified in advance before a study begins.

Which of the following is true regarding the reporting of research results?

Clear specification of the methods and procedures used is essential.

A research collaboration can be enhanced by:

Discussing intellectual property issues while the collaboration is forming.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) guidelines?

Individuals who do not meet the criteria for authorship but who have made a noteworthy contribution are normally listed in the acknowledgments section.

Which of the following is true regarding industry-sponsored research?

Industry sponsors of research may seek to place restrictions on the disclosure of research results.

The two main criteria that the National Science Foundation (NSF) uses to evaluate grant proposals are:

Intellectual merit and broader impact.

Ethical writing and scholarship is based on an implicit contract between the author and readers, whereby readers assume that what they read is accurate, has been written by the author, and has:

Not been disseminated before unless noted otherwise.

According to U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy, which of the following is considered to be research misconduct?

Plagiarism

Which type of inappropriate practice most likely occurred if a researcher takes credit for someone else's idea and does not acknowledge the original source?

Plagiarism

Which statement best describes what an IRB is responsible for reviewing?

Research involving a human subject

Which of the following is true regarding data sharing and stewardship?

Researchers who receive federal funding may have to adhere to a data sharing requirement.

Which of the following most directly contributed to the establishment of the National Research Act and the creation of the Belmont Report?

The Tuskegee Study

Which of the following is the most appropriate step to take if authors believe that their manuscript was reviewed unfairly?

The author can contact the editor with their concerns.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the regulations that govern research?

U.S. funded research collaborations are often governed by U.S. regulations no matter where the research takes place.

Which of the following is true regarding the traditional peer review process:

Under single-blind review, the identity of the author is revealed to the reviewer.

Which of the following is true regarding research misconduct?

Federal funding agencies typically rely on an institution to make the initial response to an allegation of research misconduct.