CITN 220 Chapter 3

This determines when someone can send a message. Click Play in the figure to see an animation of two people talking at the same time, then a "collision of information" occurs, and it is necessary for the two to back off and start again. Likewise, when a device wants to transmit on a wireless LAN, it is necessary for the WLAN network interface card (NIC) to determine whether the wireless medium is available.

Access method

This identifies the sender and the intended receiver of the message using a defined addressing scheme. Examples of protocols that provide addressing include Ethernet, IPv4, and IPv6.

Addressing

Which logical address is used for delivery of data to a remote network?

Destination IP address

What is the order of the two addresses in the data link frame?

Destination MAC Source MAC

This consists of the media that provides the pathway over which the message travels from source to destination.

Channel

Which two protocols are service discovery protocols? (Choose two.)

DNS DHCP

General term for the Protocol Data unit (PDU) at the application layer

Data

Responsible for delivering the data link frame from one network interface card (NIC) to another NIC on the same network.

Data link layer source and destination addresse

Protocols enable two or more devices to communicate over one or more networks. The Ethernet family of technologies involves a variety of protocols such as IP, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP), and many more.

Network Communications Protocols

Protocols secure data to provide authentication, data integrity, and data encryption. Examples of secure protocols include Secure Shell (SSH), Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), and Transport Layer Security (TLS).

Network Security Protocols

the following statements are true regarding network layer and data link layer addresses?

Network layer addresses are logical and data link addresses are expressed as 12 hexadecimal digits. Data link layer addresses are physical and network layer addresses are logical. Network layer addresses are either 32 or 128 bits in length.

Responsible for delivering the IP packet from the original source to the final destination, which may be on the same network or a remote network.

Network layer source and destination addresses

What types of standards are developed by the Electronics Industries Alliance (EIA)?

Electric wiring and connectors

Organization is best known for its standards relating to electrical wiring, connectors, and the 19-inch racks used to mount networking equipment

Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA)

What is the process of converting information into the proper form for transmission?

Encoding

This function is used to determine if data became corrupted during transmission. Various protocols that provide error detection include Ethernet, IPv4, IPv6, and TCP.

Error Detection

A web client is sending a request for a webpage to a web server. From the perspective of the host, what is the correct order of the protocol stack that is used to prepare the request for transmission?

Ethernet, IP, TCP, HTTP

This is the process of managing the rate of data transmission. Flow control defines how much information can be sent and the speed at which it can be delivered. For example, if one person speaks too quickly, it may be difficult for the receiver to hear and understand the message. In network communication, there are network protocols used by the source and destination devices to negotiate and manage the flow of information.

Flow Control

Which three are components of message timing? (Choose three.)

Flow Control Access method Response Timeout

This function ensures that data flows at an efficient rate between two communicating devices. TCP provides flow control services.

Flow control

three acronyms/initialisms represent standards organizations? (Choose three.)

IANA, IETF, IEEE

Which two protocols function at the internet layer?

ICMP and IP

A device receives a data link frame with data and processes and removes the Ethernet information. What information would be the next to be processed by the receiving device?

IP at the internet layer

The destination receives the message and interprets it.

Message Destination (receiver)

The protocols that are used in network communications share many of these fundamental traits

Message encoding Message formatting and encapsulation Message size Message timing Message delivery options

Message sources are people, or electronic devices, that need to send a message to other individuals or devices.

Message source (sender)

all communication methods have the following three elements in common:

Message source (sender) Message Destination (receiver) Channel

General term for the Protocol Data unit (PDU) at the Network Layer

Packet

This function provides guaranteed delivery mechanisms in case messages are lost or corrupted in transit. TCP provides guaranteed delivery.

Reliability

If a person asks a question and does not hear a response within an acceptable amount of time, the person assumes that no answer is coming and reacts accordingly. The person may repeat the question or instead, may go on with the conversation. Hosts on the network use network protocols that specify how long to wait for responses and what action to take if a response timeout occurs.

Response Timeout

BGP and OSPF are examples of which type of protocol?

Routing

Protocols enable routers to exchange route information, compare path information, and then to select the best path to the destination network. Examples of routing protocols include Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Border Gateway Protocol (BGP).

Routing Protocols

these services are provided by the internet layer of the TCP/IP protocol suite?

Routing protocols, messaging, internet protocols

General term for the Protocol Data unit (PDU) at the Transport layer

Segment

What is the process of dividing a large data stream into smaller pieces prior to transmission?

Segmentation

This function uniquely labels each transmitted segment of data. The receiving device uses the sequencing information to reassemble the information correctly. This is useful if the data segments are lost, delayed or received out-of-order. TCP provides sequencing services

Sequencing

The IP address of the sending device, which is the original source of the packet.

Source IP address

This protocol is responsible for guaranteeing the reliable delivery of information.

TCP

Organization responsible for developing communication standards in a variety of areas including radio equipment, cellular towers, Voice over IP (VoIP) devices, satellite communications, and more.

Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)

Which type of communication will send a message to a group of host destinations simultaneously?

multicast

Ethernet ARP WLAN are at what layer of the tcp/IP layer

network

What is the general term that is used to describe a piece of data at any layer of a networking model?

protocol data unit (PDU)

What is the purpose of protocols in data communications?

providing rules required for a specific type of communication to occur.

What is used to determine the network portion of an IPv4 address?

subnet mask

Standard-based protocol suite

this mean it is endorsed by the network industry and approved by a standards organization

open standard protocol suite

this means it is freely available to the public and can be used by any vendor on their hardware or in software

In computer communication, what is the purpose of message encoding?

to convert information to the appropriate form for transmission

What is the purpose of the sequencing function in network communication?

to uniquely label transmitted segments of data for proper reassembly by the receiver

Which layer of the OSI model defines services to segment and reassemble data for individual communications between end devices?

transport

tcp and Udp are at what layer of the tcp/IP layer

transport

True or false? Frames exchanged between devices in different IP networks must be forwarded to a default gateway.

true

True or false. Standards organizations are usually vendor-neutral.

True

http dns dhcp ftp are at what layer of the tcp/IP layer

application

What process is used to receive transmitted data and convert it into a readable message?

decoding

What is the name of the process of adding protocol information to data as it moves down the protocol stack?

encapsulation

What process is used to place one message inside another message for transfer from the source to the destination?

encapsulation

True or false? The right-most part of an IP address is used to identify the network that a device belongs to.

false

Which of the following are protocols that provide feedback from the destination host to the source host regarding errors in packet delivery?

icmp v4/v6

IP v4/v6 ICMP v4/v6 are at what layer of the tcp/IP layer

internet

What are the two benefits of using a layered network model?

it assists in protocol design and it prevents technology in one layer from affecting other layers

What is done to an IP packet before it is transmitted over the physical medium?

it is encapsulated in the layer 2 frame

What type of communication will send a message to all devices on a local area network?

Broadcast

Which message delivery option is used when all devices need to receive the same message simultaneously?

Broadcast

This standards organization is responsible for IP address allocation and domain name management.

Internet assigned numbers authority (IANA)

OSI layer provides services to exchange the individual pieces of data over the network between identified end devices.

3 - Network

TCP/IP Model Layer Supports communication between various devices across diverse networks.

3 - Transport

TCP/IP Model Layer Represents data to the user, plus encoding and dialog control.

4 - Application

OSI layer defines services to segment, transfer, and reassemble the data for individual communications between the end devices.

4 - Transport

OSI layer provides services to the presentation layer to organize its dialogue and to manage data exchange.

5 - Session

OSI layer provides for common representation of the data transferred between application layer services.

6 - Presentation

OSI layer contains protocols used for process-to-process communications.

7 - Application

TCP/IP Model Layer Controls the hardware devices and media that make up the network.

1 - Network Access

OSI layer protocols describe the mechanical, electrical, functional, and procedural means to activate, maintain, and de-activate physical connections for a bit transmission to and from a network device.

1 - Physical

OSI layer protocols describe methods for exchanging data frames between devices over a common media

2 - Data Link

TCP/IP Model Layer Determines the best path through the network.

2 - Internet

This function contains information used for process-to-process communications between network applications. For example, when accessing a web page, HTTP or HTTPS protocols are used to communicate between the client and server web processes.

Application Interface

General term for the Protocol Data unit (PDU) at the physical layer

Bits

True or False? Data Link addresses are physical so they never change in the data link frame from source to destination.

False

Which step of the communication process is concerned with properly identifying the address of the sender and receiver?

Formatting

General term for the Protocol Data unit (PDU) at the Data Link Layer

Frame

A web client is sending a request for a webpage to a web server. From the perspective of the client, what is the correct order of the protocol stack that is used to prepare the request for transmission?

HTTP, TCP, IP, Ethernet

segmenting messages having two primary benefits:

Increases speed Increases efficiency

Organization of electrical engineering and electronics dedicated to advancing technological innovation and creating standards in a wide area of industries including power and energy, healthcare, telecommunications, and networking

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE, pronounced "I-triple-E")

One of the largest and oldest communication standards organizations. IT defines standards for video compression, Internet Protocol Television (IPTV), and broadband communications, such as a digital subscriber line (DSL).

International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T)

This standards organization is concerned with the Request for Comments (RFC) documents that specify new protocols and update existing ones.

Internet Engineering Task Force (IEFT)

Which delivery method is used to transmit information to one or more end devices, but not all devices on the network?

MulitCast

Protocols are used for the automatic detection of devices or services. Examples of service discovery protocols include Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) which discovers services for IP address allocation, and Domain Name System (DNS) which is used to perform name-to-IP address translation.

Service Discovery Protocols