`Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic cells: similarities/differences

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic similarities

1) Both have plasma membrane 2) DNA/RNA: Prokaryotes(DNA is circular w/no ends)/Eukaryotic DNA is more linear) 3) Ribosomes (prokaryotic ribosomes not membrane-bound) 4) Cell walls/Proakaryotic comprised of peptidoglycan/However, Eukaryotic cell walls are not identical (fungi, the cell wall contains a polysaccharide called chitin.Plant cells, in contrast, have no chitin; their cell walls are composed exclusively of the polysaccharide cellulose). 5) Plastids 6) Flagella

Prokaryotic DNA location

The DNA of Prokaryotes is located in the "nucleoid" an area without a protective membrane

Eukaryote: Nuclear Envelope

Double membrane that encloses the nucleus. Outer membrane of the nuclear envelope is continuous with the ER membrane; regulating what goes in and out

Prokaryotes motility

Prokaryotes don't have microtubules in their flagella or cilia

Prokaryotes cell

Prokaryotes have no organelles wrapped in membranes, such as mitochondria, vesicles, Golgi, Rough/Smooth ER, etc.

Prokaryotic ribosomes

Prokaryotic ribosomes are smaller/no cytoskeleton (not membrane bound)

Prokaryotic cells are

Unicellular, smaller than eukaryotic cells. (.2-.2.0 um in diameter), less complex.

Prokaryotic cell division

binary fission: splits in 2, exact copies, quick and efficient with few mutations, but reduces amount of genetic variation

Eukaryotes have

cells with a membrane-bound nucleus and enclosed organelles w/ mitochondria, golgi, Rough/Smooth ER, peroxisomes, etc.

In prokaryotes, DNA

exist as a single, circular strand w/no ends

In eukaryotes, DNA

exists as many strands

Eukaryotic motility structures

flagella and cilia are similar in composition but differ in size and function and have microtubules in their flagella and cilia

Eukaryotic cells are

multicellular, much larger (10-100 micrometers), more complex

Prokaryotes

no nucleus or membrane bound organelles

Eukaryotic plasma membrane

phospholipid bilayer with proteins and cholesterol embedded in it

Prokaryotic cell wall

rigid, chemically complex peptidoglycans wall that protects the prokaryotic cell and helps maintain its shape