`Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic cells: similarities/differences
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic similarities
1) Both have plasma membrane 2) DNA/RNA: Prokaryotes(DNA is circular w/no ends)/Eukaryotic DNA is more linear) 3) Ribosomes (prokaryotic ribosomes not membrane-bound) 4) Cell walls/Proakaryotic comprised of peptidoglycan/However, Eukaryotic cell walls are not identical (fungi, the cell wall contains a polysaccharide called chitin.Plant cells, in contrast, have no chitin; their cell walls are composed exclusively of the polysaccharide cellulose). 5) Plastids 6) Flagella
Prokaryotic DNA location
The DNA of Prokaryotes is located in the "nucleoid" an area without a protective membrane
Eukaryote: Nuclear Envelope
Double membrane that encloses the nucleus. Outer membrane of the nuclear envelope is continuous with the ER membrane; regulating what goes in and out
Prokaryotes motility
Prokaryotes don't have microtubules in their flagella or cilia
Prokaryotes cell
Prokaryotes have no organelles wrapped in membranes, such as mitochondria, vesicles, Golgi, Rough/Smooth ER, etc.
Prokaryotic ribosomes
Prokaryotic ribosomes are smaller/no cytoskeleton (not membrane bound)
Prokaryotic cells are
Unicellular, smaller than eukaryotic cells. (.2-.2.0 um in diameter), less complex.
Prokaryotic cell division
binary fission: splits in 2, exact copies, quick and efficient with few mutations, but reduces amount of genetic variation
Eukaryotes have
cells with a membrane-bound nucleus and enclosed organelles w/ mitochondria, golgi, Rough/Smooth ER, peroxisomes, etc.
In prokaryotes, DNA
exist as a single, circular strand w/no ends
In eukaryotes, DNA
exists as many strands
Eukaryotic motility structures
flagella and cilia are similar in composition but differ in size and function and have microtubules in their flagella and cilia
Eukaryotic cells are
multicellular, much larger (10-100 micrometers), more complex
Prokaryotes
no nucleus or membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotic plasma membrane
phospholipid bilayer with proteins and cholesterol embedded in it
Prokaryotic cell wall
rigid, chemically complex peptidoglycans wall that protects the prokaryotic cell and helps maintain its shape