civics judicial branch formative (all highlighted)
What is the federal court system divided into?
94 district courts, is divided into 12 judicial circuits
What is remand?
A court can return a case to a lower court for a new trial
What is a crime?
A crime is any behavior that is illegal because society, through its government, considers the behavior harmful to society.
What are justices?
Judges
Who doesn't make laws?
Judges and federal judges
What are laws?
Laws are society's rules. Laws promote the common good. Laws protect you.
What is statutory law?
Laws that are passed by lawmaking bodies are known as statutes, or statutory laws. Congress and state and local governments pass these laws. Most criminal laws are statutory laws.
Who has the power to appoint federal judges?
President and the executive branch
What is the supreme law of the us?
The Constitution is the supreme law of the United States.
What does the court of appeals decision mean?
The appeal is final
What do judges determine?
The judges do not determine whether the accused person is guilty or innocent of the crime. Their job is to determine only whether the original trial was fair and if the law was interpreted correctly.
What are the courts of appeals?
The next level of courts in the federal court system
What is the power of judicial review?
This power allows courts to decide whether a law or a presidential action is in agreement with the Constitution.
What is the lowest level of federal courts in the US?
U.S. district courts
What is common law?
a type of law that comes from judges' decisions that rely on common sense and previous cases
How many cases are filed with the supreme court each year?
about 10,000 but only about 100 get a hearing by the court
What did the supreme court declare?
an act of Congress unconstitutional and thus established the concept of judicial review.
What is a precedent?
an earlier event or action
What is constitutional law?
based on the Constitution and on Supreme Court decisions interpreting the Constitution.
What is administrative law?
cover many areas of daily life, such as health, safety, education, and banking.
What are the two basic categories of law
criminal and civil law
What do appellate judges do?
examine the records of the district court trial and hear arguments by the lawyers for both sides
What is a dissenting opinion?
explains why the justice believes the majority opinion is wrong.
How long do judges serve for?
forever until they retire
What does the 6th amendment say?
gave Congress the power to tax a person's income
What is an appeal?
is the process by which the person asks a higher court to review the result of the trial. if a person is convicted of a crime, he or she has the right to appeal the decision
what is a concurring opinion?
justice agrees with the decision of the majority
What is the job of the legislature?
make laws
What are the two types of jurisdiction?
original and appellate.
What is criminal law?
refers to the group of laws that define what acts are crimes. Criminal law also describes how a person accused of a crime should be tried in court and how crimes should be punished.
What is an appellate jurisdiction?
relating to appeals
What does the 14th amendment say?
segregated schools were inherently unequal and therefore violated the Fourteenth Amendment.
What happened during the Brown v. Board of Education?
segregation of public schools was unconstitutional
What are the 4 sources of law?
statutory law, common law, administrative law, and constitutional law.
What is jurisdiction?
the extent or scope of authority that court has to hear and decide a case that has properly been brought before it.
What is civil law?
the group of laws that refer to disputes between people.
who doesn't the constitution give power of juridical review to?
the judicial branch
What article 3 section 1 say in the constitution?
the judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior [lower] courts as the Congress may from time to time ... establish."
What happens after a trial in a district court?
the losing party may appeal to the next level of courts
What is original jurisdiction?
the power to hear a case for the first time
What are district courts?
the trial courts, and they are courts of original jurisdiction.
