Civil War

Richmond, Virginia

Capital of the Confederacy

Military strategy of Union

Capture Richmond, control the Mississippi River, blockade southern ports

Battle of Gettysburg (1863)

Civil War battle in Pennsylvania, Lee was trying to invade the North and force Lincoln to consider ending the war, thereby letting the Confederacy remain a separate country, Lee order Pickett's Charge-a failure-Lee retreated, Union won this battle, many lives were lost on both sides, turning point of the war, last major attempt to invade the North

April 12, 1861

Civil War begins at Fort Sumter

To defend their land

Confederate - reason to fight

Boarder States

Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri

Ulysses S. Grant

General of the Union Army

Number of lives lost in Civil War

between 650,000 and 850,000

Civil War (1861-1865)

deadliest war in American history; conflict between north (union) and south (confederacy); 11 southern slave states wanted to secede from Union

Union Victory at Vicksburg

gave the North control of the Mississippi river dividing the South into two parts.

Appomattox Court House, Virginia

in April 1865, the end of the Civil War came suddenly when Northern troops cornered Lee here.

Advantages of the North in the Civil War

larger population, most of the factories to make supplies, most of the railroads located in the north, strong Navy, more money, they had an established government

Disadvantages of North

1) North would have to invade/hold the south 2) Public opinion of the war was divided

Gettysburg Address

(1863) a speech given by Abraham Lincoln after the Battle of Gettysburg, in which he praised the bravery of Union soldiers and renewed his commitment to winning the Civil War; supported the ideals of self-government and human rights

Abraham Lincoln

16th president of the United States; helped preserve the United States by leading the defeat of the secessionist Confederacy; an outspoken opponent of the expansion of slavery.

William Tecumseh Sherman

2nd most important Union General who introduced total war in "the march to the sea." He destroyed crops, towns, and farms everywhere he went.

Advantages of the South in the Civil War

Excellent military leaders, strong fighting spirit, knew the land (home advantage)

Fort Sumter

Federal fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; the confederate attack on the fort marked the start of the Civil War

Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)

First major battle of the Civil War, fought at a railroad junction in northern Virginia on July 21, 1861. The Union suffered a sobering defeat, while the Confederates felt affirmed in their superiority and the inevitability of Confederate nationhood.

South Carolina

First state to secede from the Union

Siege of Vicksburg (1863)

General Grant uses a siege to force Vicksburg to surrender, gaining control of the Mississippi River for the Union and cutting the South in half.

Disadvantages of the South

Had few factories to produce weapons, railroad tracts, and other supplies Had few railroads to move troops and vital supplies The South had a small population, about 9 million lived in the Confederacy and 22 million in the Union More than 1/3rd of the population was enslaved; therefore they had fewer people that could be soldiers

Clara Barton

Launched the American Red Cross in 1881. An "angel" in the Civil War, she treated the wounded in the field.

April 9, 1865

Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse

Chancellorsville, Virginia

Lee's greatest victory, but lost Stonewall Jackson

Minnie Ball Bullet

New technology that had high accuracy and power that led to high death rates.

Jefferson Davis

President of the Confederate States of America

Adventure,

Reason some people volunteered to fight

West Virginia (establishment of)

Residents in Western Virginia began a secession movement, announced their support of the Union and formed a new state of West Virginia

Battle of Antietam (1862)

Single bloodiest day of the American Civil War; Union victory that turned back a Confederate invasion of the North. *Historical Significance:* Allowed Lincoln to issue the *Emancipation Proclamation* proclaiming the freedom of slaves in the ten states then in rebellion and shifting the war objectives of the North.

Secession

The election of Abraham Lincoln was the final event that caused the southern states to leave the Union. In December 1860, South Carolina voted unanimously to secede. Within the next six weeks Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas had all seceded. In February 1861, representatives of seven states met in Montgomery, Alabama to create the Confederate States of America. (p. 259)

Glory, loyalty and patriotism

Union - reason to fight

Harriet Tubman

United States abolitionist born a slave on a plantation in Maryland and became a famous conductor on the Underground Railroad leading other slaves to freedom in the North (1820-1913) and served as a spy in the Civil War

The Northern victories

Vicksburg and Gettysburg

Scott's Great Snake (Anaconda Plan)

squeeze the South

Emancipation Proclamation

the proclamation issued by President Lincoln on January 1, 1863, freeing the slaves in those territories still in rebellion against the Union.

Rose Greenhow

was a Confederate spy in Washington, D.C.