CJ Ch. 1-3

__________ is the scientific study of the causes and prevention of crime and the rehabilitation and punishment of offenders. A. Criminal justice B. Due process C. Psychology D. Criminology

D. Criminology

A man has been charged with assault. The defendant claims he used reasonable force against the victim to prevent him from breaking into his home. Which defense was likely used? A. Defense of necessity B. Self-Defense C. Alibi D. Defense of home and property

D. Defense of home and property

Men are more likely than women to be victimized for all of the following offenses, EXCEPT _________. A. murder B. vandalism C. rape D. robbery

C. rape

A nonviolent crime committed for a financial gain by an individual who has special knowledge of government and legal regulations is called a(n) ___________. A. organized crime B. hate crime C. quality-of-life offense D. white-collar crime

D. white-collar crime

The Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act __________. A. provided for a five-day waiting period before the purchase of a handgun B. has been repealed C. outlaws 19 military-style assault weapons D. outlaws handguns

A. provided for a five-day waiting period before the purchase of a handgun

While the Uniform Crime Reporting/National Incident-Based Reporting System (UCR/NIBRS) and the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) are useful in generating statistics that can describe patterns in criminal behavior, these statistics lack __________. A. explanatory power B. credibility C. specifics D. verification

A. explanatory power

A completed criminal offense punishable by death or by incarceration in a prison facility for at least one year is called a(n) _________. A. felony B. infraction C. inchoate offense D. misdemeanor

A. felony

The weapons used most often to commit murder are ___________. A. firearms B. blunt objects C. knives D. fists

A. firearms

Which major crime has the highest clearance rate? A. Arson B. Murder C. Rape D. Robbery

B. Murder

During which stage of American criminal justice case processing are the defendants advised of their Miranda rights? A. Arrest B. Booking C. Investigation D. First Appearance

A. Arrest

Who among the following is credited with making criminal justice an academic discipline? A. August Vollmer B. Earl Warren C. John H. Laub D. Herbert Packer

A. August Vollmer

Which of the following scenarios illustrates a violation of criminal justice? A. Chris, a detective, implicates an innocent man in a rape case B. Richard, the managing director of a company, deceives a client by delivering low-quality goods C. Leo violates a job contract by dismissing his subordinate D. Alfred, the manager of a company, chooses his daughter over more eligible employees for a promotion

A. Chris, a detective, implicates an innocent man in a rape case

A man has been charged with burglary. He claims his snowmobile ran out of gas. He had no cell phone service and walked until he found a cabin. He broke into the cabin and took food and gasoline. Which defense was likely used? A. Defense of necessity B. Self-Defense C. Alibi D. Defense of home and property

A. Defense of necessity

Jenna was found guilty of committing a social-order offense. She was not sentenced to prison. Which of the following offenses did Jenna most likely commit? A. Drug use B. Robbery C. Homicide D. Larceny

A. Drug use

A public-order advocate is most likely to argue that _________. A. restrictive government actions assault basic human dignity and individual liberty B. offenders should be made accountable for violating criminal laws C. an individual's rights should take precedence over the interests of society D. the accused and convicted should be allowed to exercise their civil and criminal rights

B. offenders should be made accountable for violating criminal laws

Most hate crimes are motivated by __________. A. sexual orientation B. racial hatred C. religious bias D. national origin

B. racial hatred

Apart from reported crimes, the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) focuses on __________. A. including unreported burglary of businesses B. uncovering the dark figure of crime C. discovering victimless crimes D. including unreported commercial robberies

B. uncovering the dark figure of crime

A different kind of offending, ____________ , took center stage in 2002 and 2003 as Congress stiffened penalties for unscrupulous business executives who knowingly falsify their company's financial reports. A. robbery B. white-collar crime C. rape D. traditional crime

B. white-collar crime

Bernard Madoff's operation of a ponzi scheme is an example of _________. A. terrorist attack B. white-collar crime C. felonious assault D. grand theft

B. white-collar crime

Brian, a prosecutor in a murder case, presents evidence against a convict before a grand jury. The jury considers the evidence and decides that the case should go to trial. Which of the following stages of American criminal justice case processing does this scenario illustrate? A. Arraignment B. First appearance C. Indictment D. Adjudication

C. Indictment

Who among the following is most likely to be an individual-rights advocate? A. Mia, who believes that "get-tough-on-crime" attitudes work better in reducing the crime rate B. Miriam, who believes that some individual rights need to be sacrificed for ensuring public safety C. Abigail, who protested President George W. Bush's authorization to the NSA to monitor the phone calls and emails of American citizens, in an effort to combat possible terrorist attacks D. Amanda, who believes that the government should curb criminal activity using repressive mechanisms

C. Abigail, who protested President George W. Bush's authorization to the NSA to monitor the phone calls and emails of American citizens, in an effort to combat possible terrorist attacks

Tax law, building codes, and health codes are examples of what type of law? A. Procedural law B. Natural law C. Administrative law D. Criminal law

C. Administrative law

Which of the following acts is an example of first-degree murder? A. Ralph, a sailor, kills a whale that attacks his boat B. Adam, a police officer, shoots and kills a terrorist C. Alfred plans and executes the killing of his business rival D. Mia unitentionally runs over and kills a pedestrian in a freak car accident

C. Alfred plans and executes the killing of his business rival

A man is charged with burglary. The defense presents witnesses and evidence that the man did not commit the burglary due to his whereabouts during the crime. Which defense was likely used? A. Defense of necessity B. Self-Defense C. Alibi D. Defense of home and property

C. Alibi

Which of the following refers to a traditional body of unwritten historical precedents created from everyday social customs, rules, and practices? A. Statutory law B. Case law C. Common Law D. Law of the land

C. Common law

Which model assumes that the system's subcomponents work together harmoniously to achieve the social product we call justice? A. Conflict model B. Due-process model C. Consensus model D. Crime-control model

C. Consensus model

Which of the following cases requires the administration of civil justice? A. Delta Inc. denies a job to an applicant citing his sexual orientation B. A county prison subjects its inmates to physical torture C. Betty, a police officer, unlawfully detains an innocent citizen D. Felix, a driver, violates traffic rules and injures pedestrians

A. Delta Inc. denies a job to an applicant citing his sexual orientation

What type of terrorism describes the unlawful use of force or violence by a group whose activities transcend national boundaries? A. International B. Traditional C. Domestic D. National

A. International

Which of the following statements is true of the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act? A. It expands the definition of federal hate crimes to include crimes based on sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability B. It amended the Family Violence Prevention and Services Act to include hate crimes C. It amended the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act to include hate crimes D. It defined hate crimes as violation of a criminal statute by a corporate entity acting on behalf of and for the benefit of the corporation

A. It expands the definition of federal hate crimes to include crimes based on sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability

Which of the following statements is true of the penal code? A. It is the written, organized, and compiled form of the criminal laws of a jurisdiction B. It is the law that results from judicial decisions C. It is referred to as the supremacy law D. It is the traditional body of unwritten historical precedents created from everyday social customs, rules, and practices

A. It is the written, organized, and compiled form of the criminal laws of a jurisdiction

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the due-process model? A. Judith, a suspect, is informed of her rights during the trial procedures B. Carlos, a suspect in a terrorist activity, is detained without being informed of the nature of his crime C. Mick, a burglar, confesses to other petty crimes he committed in exchange for support from the police in front of a judge D. Philip, a suspect, is unlawfully detained without being produced before a magistrate

A. Judith, a suspect, is informed of her rights during the trial procedures

Rachel, who is a suspect in a shoplifting case, confesses that the store owner's indecent behavior prompted her to commit the crime. Which of the following features of a crime does this scenario illustrate? A. Motive B. Reckless behavior C. Alibi D. Criminal negligence

A. Motive

The __________ is based on victims' reports rather than on police reports. A. National Crime Victimization Survey B. Bureau of Justice Statistics C. Uniform Crime Reporting D. National Incident-Based Reporting System

A. National Crime Victimization Survey

The application of scientific research to the operation of the criminal justice system was first encouraged by the __________. A. President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice B. Sarbanes-Oxley Act C. Evidence Integration Initiative D. Safe Streets and Crime Control Act

A. President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice

Which of the following scenarios illustrates the use of an excuse as a legal defense? A. Ruth, who is accused of murder, testifies that she was suffering from an epileptic seizure at the time of murder B. Mark, who is accused of rape, produces video footage to prove that he was attending an office party when the crime occurred C. Kevin, who is accused of assaulting a customer, claims that his trial had been delayed beyond the limit set by the law D. Liam, who is accused of murder, claims that he committed the murder in self-defense

A. Ruth, who is accused of murder, testifies that she was suffering from an epileptic seizure at the time of murder

Which type of law is also known as the "law on the books"? A. Statutory law B. Natural Law C. Administrative D. Procedural law

A. Statutory law

Most aggravated assaults are committed with __________. A. blunt objects B. knives C. firearms D. hands

A. blunt objects

Sean is arrested by the police when he attempts to enter an empty, locked house by breaking open a window. He later confesses to having done so with the intent of stealing personal items from the house. In this case, Sean is most likely to be charged with ___________. A. burglary B. robbery C. armed robbery D. arson

A. burglary

The most cited reason why rape victims do NOT report crimes is _________. A. embarrassment about the crime itself B. a fear of reprisal C. exploitation by the criminal justice system D. the belief that the police cannot do anything

A. embarrassment about the crime itself

Salma receives an e-mail with a link to a fraudulent website asking her to verify her bank login details. The sender uses a fake e-mail address that is similar to the official e-mail address of the bank. This case is an example of __________. A. phishing B. battery C. spamming D. malware

A. phishing

Unlike the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR), the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) _________. A. relies on door-to-door surveys B. contains only data that its creators think appropriate C. includes data on murder, kidnapping, and victimless crimes D. eliminates subjective responses from survey respondents

A. relies on door-to-door surveys

Which of the following statements is true of case law? A. It contributes to unpredictability in laws B. It comes from judicial decisions C. It is employed exclusively for criminal cases D. It is based on social customs and practices

B. It comes from judicial decisions

A man is charged with first-degree murder. In almost every jurisdiction in the United States, the crime of first-degree murder involved four quite distinct elements. Which is NOT one of those elements? A. An unlawful killing B. Defense of necessity C. Of a human being D. Intentionality

B. Defense of necessity

The assumption that criminal acts injure not just individuals, but society as a whole is fundamental to which of the following laws? A. Procedural law B. Criminal law C. Administrative law D. Civil law

B. Criminal law

Which of the following is not a core component of the criminal justice system? A. Corrections B. The legislature C. The courts D. The police

B. The legislature

Which of the following statements best defines jurisprudence? A. It is a legal principle that ensures that previous judicial decisions are authoritatively considered and incorporated into future cases B. It is the philosophy of law or the science and the study of the law C. It refers to laws that result from legislative action D. It refers to laws that have been written down in an organized fashion

B. It is the philosophy of law or the science and the study of the law

Which of the following scenarios illustrates the stage of adjudication in American criminal justice case processing? A. Rupert, a convicted rapist, is sentenced to 10 years imprisonment B. Linda, the defense attorney in a robbery case, presents evidence before a jury C. Jamie, a murder suspect, is taken into custody by an investigation officer D. Thomas, the investigating officer of a homicide case, collects fingerprints and other personal details of a suspect

B. Linda, the defense attorney in a robbery case, presents evidence before a jury

Under the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting/National Incident-Based Reporting System (UCR/NIBRS), who among the following is a victim of robbery? A. Zainab, whose purse is snatched on her way to work B. Maria, who is forced to handover her jewelry at gun point C. Francois, whose house is looted when he is at work D. Paul, who is a victim of pocket picking

B. Maria, who is forced to handover her jewelry at gun point

Which of the following crimes is most likely to be included in the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)? A. Nicole is arrested for prostitution B. Nadia's car is stolen from her garage C. Peter is arrested for illicit drug use D. Faizal's department store is burglarized in the middle of the night

B. Nadia's car is stolen from her garage

The police come to Austin's door and ask him to let them search his home due to allegations of drug activity within the home. He does not give them permission. Do they have the right to immediately search his home? A. Yes B. No

B. No

Which of the following acts is least likely to be reported in the official statistics in the United States because of the difficulty of scoring in terms of traditional Uniform Crime Reporting categories? A. Mark sets fire to his brother's house because of a dispute involving family inheritance with the intent of killing his brother B. Philip sends out e-mails with links to fake website that prompts the recipients to disclose their bank account details C. Simone is sexually assaulted D. Kate's house is burgled when she goes on vacation

B. Philip sends out e-mails with links to fake website that prompts the recipients to disclose their bank account details

During which of the following stages of American criminal justice case processing does the hearing judge seek to determine whether there is probable cause? A. Arraignment B. Preliminary hearing C. First appearance D. Indictment

B. Preliminary hearing

Which of the following advocates would support the interests of society over those of an individual? A. Due-process advocate B. Public-order advocate C. Consensus model advocate D. Individual-rights advocate

B. Public-order advocate

Sean is a law enforcement officer. Which of the following actions adopted by Sean would prove to be the least effective strategy to cope with the challenges presented by multiculturalism? A. Hiring more women B. Requiring all suspects to speak English C. Appointing translators in the courtrooms D. Hiring more minorities

B. Requiring all suspects to speak English

Rex is an individual-rights advocate, and Diana is a public-order advocate. Which of the following statements is most likely to be true in this case? A. Rex believes that public security takes precedence over individual liberties B. Rex believes that the state has to ensure the protection of citizens' personal freedom C. Diana believes that even hardcore criminals should be allowed to exercise their criminal rights D. Diana protests for the rights of prisoners

B. Rex believes that the state has to ensure the protection of citizens' personal freedom

Which of the following scenarios illustrates the consensus model? A. Patrick is unlawfully convicted by the police in a homicide case to pacify the public outcry against the delay in investigation B. Robert, who is accused of murder, is arrested and sent to prison following a speedy trial C. Matt, a judge, encourages the accused to plead guilty because he has a high caseload and wants to streamline the process D. George, a police officer, agrees to speak to a judge on behalf of a burglar if the burglar confesses to the other crimes he committed

B. Robert, who is accused of murder, is arrested and sent to prison following a speedy trial

What is the maxim that an orderly society must be governed by established principles known as? A. Body of crime B. Rule of law C. Common law D. Inchoate

B. Rule of law

Which of the following scenarios illustrates the stage of arraignment in American criminal justice case processing? A. Jenny, an assault suspect, is arrested and produced before a magistrate B. Salma, the accused, is informed of the indictment against her and is asked to enter a plea C. Lizzie is arrested fro murdering her husband and is informed of her Miranda rights before questioning D. Jackie, a detective, gathers evidence for a rape case and makes a list of possible suspects

B. Salma, the accused, is informed of the indictment against her and is asked to enter a plea

A man has been charged with assault. The defense argues that it was necessary for the man to inflict harm on the victim to ensure his own safety in the face of near-certain injury.Which defense was likely used? A. Defense of necessity B. Self-Defense C. Alibi D. Defense of home and property

B. Self-Defense

A criminal offense committed against a person, property, or society that is motivated, in whole or in part, by the offender's bias against a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or ethnicity/national origin is called ___________. A. organized crime B. hate crime C. stalking D. cyberterrorism

B. hate crime

According to the National Crime Victimization Survey, the elderly ___________. A. fear crime less than other age groups B. have the lowest rate of crime victimization of any age group C. are more likely to attempt to protect themselves from violent criminals than other age groups D. have the highest rate of crime victimization of any age group

B. have the lowest rate of crime victimization of any age group

In 2013, 15-year-old Michael was sent to a juvenile prison for committing a crime. The crime he committed was both shocking and prominent in the U.S. from 2012-2014. Michael was most likely sent to prison for _________. A. his links to organized crime B. mass shooting C. attacks on racial minorities D. the sale and illicit use of drugs

B. mass shooting

What term describes a classification of crimes along a particular dimension, such as legal categories, offender motivation, victim behavior, or the characteristics of individual offenders? A. Crime analysis B. Crime mapping C. Crime typology D. Crime profiling

C. Crime typology

__________ refers to crime-fighting strategies that have been scientifically tested and are based on social science research. A. The crime-control model B. The due-process model C. Evidence-based practices D. Conflict perspective

C. Evidence-based practices

Which of the following cases requires the administration of criminal justice? A. Qusoft Inc. hires unqualified candidates over qualified and experienced applicants B. Kerry fails to pay his employee as per the terms of the job contract C. Ferdinand, a prisoner warden, subjects a convict to physical abuse D. Tom, a detective, fails to fulfill his duties within the stipulated time

C. Ferdinand, a prisoner warden, subjects a convict to physical abuse

Daniel, an American, was sentenced to 20 years in prison for murdering his colleague Javier, a Mexican. The court said that Daniel was motivated by prejudice against Mexicans. Which of the following categories of crime is shown in the above scenario? A. Corporate crime B. White-collar crime C. Hate crime D. Organized crime

C. Hate crime

Which of the following is true of the indictment stage of American criminal justice case processing? A. It is the first stage in criminal justice case processing B. It marks the point from which a judge is involved in criminal justice case processing C. It determines whether a case will go to trial D. It is the stage during which the defendants are informed of their Miranda rights

C. It determines whether a case will go to trial

Which of the following is true of multiculturalism in U.S. Society? A. It strictly advocates individual rights over social security B. It is a recent phenomenon C. It has a profound impact on the criminal justice system D. It strictly advocated social security over individual rights

C. It has a profound impact on the criminal justice system

Which of the following statements is true of the rule of law? A. It bestows arbitrary powers to the state B. It requires Americans to agree with the law C. It requires a uniform and fair application of laws D. It offers an alternative to the due process

C. It requires a uniform and fair application of laws

Which of the following statements is true of the due-process model? A. It prioritizes public security over individual rights B. It emphasizes the efficient arrest and conviction of criminal offenders C. It requires an informed consideration of the facts of each individual case D. It is also known as Packer's crime-control model

C. It requires an informed consideration of the facts of each individual case

Which of the following distinguishes a first-degree murder from a second-degree murder? A. Killing of a human being B. An unlawful killing C. The degree of malice D. Intention

C. The degree of malice

Which of the following statements is true of the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)? A. NCVS data is gathered by the Federal Bureau of Investigation B. The NCVS collects data on murder, kidnapping, and victimless crimes such as drug use, prostitution, and gambling C. The major data categories of the survey do not fully encompass the shifting nature of criminal activity of the United States D. Household surveys collect data from individuals who are 18 years or older

C. The major data categories of the survey do not fully encompass the shifting nature of criminal activity of the United States

Which of the following is true of Internet-based crimes? A. They occur at low and declining rates in the American society B. They fall under the category of traditional crimes C. They frequently remain undiscovered D. They have negligible impact on real people as they occur in a virtual world

C. They frequently remain undiscovered

The legal defense in which a defendant admits to committing the act in question but claims it was necessary in order to avoid some greater evil is called a(n) ___________. A. excuse B. procedural defense C. justification D. alibi

C. justification

Donna left her job at Portland, Inc. and joined a rival company. Portland accused her of breaking her contractual obligations and decided to take her to court. In this scenario, which aspects of social justice are involved? A. Sustainable justice B. Distributive justice C. Criminal justice D. Civil justice

D. Civil justice

Which type of law covers practices in the areas of customs, immigration, and product safety? A. Criminal law B. Natural law C. Procedural law D. Administrative law

D. Administrative law

Which type of law refers to the body of regulations that the government creates to control the activities of industries, businesses, and individuals? A. Procedural law B. Case law C. Criminal law D. Administrative law

D. Administrative law

Steve receives a ticket for not wearing a seat belt while driving. Which of the following categories of crime is depicted in this case? A. Espionage B. A felony C. Treason D. An infraction

D. An infraction

Which of the following agencies is responsible for compiling the NCVS? A. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) B. International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) C. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) D. Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)

D. Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)

Which of the following cases falls under administrative law? A. Ivan is arrested for murdering his neighbor over a scuffle B. Ralph files a case against his employer for violating the terms of a job contract C. Kyle is arrested for assaulting her housemate D. Doris files a case against a factory whose emissions exceed the established pollution limits

D. Doris files a case against a factory whose emissions exceed the established pollution limits

Which of the following crimes is least likely to be reported in the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) data? A. A burglary in which several valuables were stolen from a house B. A case of armed robbery in a bank C. A case of sexual assault of a female employee in a large, private organization D. Drug use

D. Drug use

Jacob, a suspect in a rape case, is produced before a judge. The judge informs Jacob of the charges against him and his option of obtaining bail. Which of the following stages of American criminal justice case processing is illustrated in this scenario? A. Booking B. Investigation C. Indictment D. First appearance

D. First appearance

Which of the following is true of the conflict perspective of the American criminal justice system? A. It is idealistic and predicts a near-perfect form of social organization B. It envisages an ideal collaborative functioning of the components of the American criminal justice system C. It perceives justice as the outcome of consensus among the components of the American criminal justice system D. It assumes that the American criminal justice system's components function primarily to serve their own interests

D. It assumes that the American criminal justice system's components function primarily to serve their own interests

Which of the following statements best defines social justice? A. It is concerned with the fairness in relationships between citizens, government agencies, and businesses in private matters B. It is concerned with providing the members of the society with a fair share of the available economic resources C. It is a form of justice that is concerned with violations of the criminal law D. It encompasses all aspects of civilized life such as fairness, cultural beliefs of right and wrong, and the relationship of individuals

D. It encompasses all aspects of civilized life such as fairness, cultural beliefs of right and wrong, and the relationship of individuals

Who among the following is most likely to be a public-order advocate? A. Jenna, who believes that government actions should not curtail individual liberties B. Joshua, who believes that the government's infringement on public privacy should be prohibited C. Kathy, who believes that prisoners' individual rights should be protected at any cost D. Juan, who supports the targeting of certain ethnic groups for "stop-and frisks," in an attempt to identify possible terrorists

D. Juan, who supports the targeting of certain ethnic groups for "stop-and frisks," in an attempt to identify possible terrorists

___________ is the philosophy of law. A. The M'Naghten rue B. Mens rea C. The penal code D. Jurisprudence

D. Jurisprudence

Which of the following scenarios illustrates one of the ways to adapt to the challenge posed by diversity and multiculturalism on the criminal justice system in America? A. Tony, a police officer, questions Martha, a black woman, on the basis of her race as she is found driving in predominantly white neighborhood B. Robin, a federal judge, turns down a non-English-speaking suspect's request for the service of an interpreter C. Martin, a detective, dismissed his female subordinates deeming them inefficient D. Kyle, a police officer, institutes emergency call lines for immigrants to report crime

D. Kyle, a police officer, institutes emergency call lines for immigrants to report crime

Which of the following types of mens rea is established using the reasonable person criterion? A. Knowing B. Reckless C. Purposeful D. Negligence

D. Negligence

A group based in the United States hijacks a passenger aircraft. It threatens to kill passengers unless one of their members arrested for bombing a government building is released. Which of the following types of crime is depicted in this scenario? A. White-collar crime B. Embezzlement C. Organized crime D. Terrorism

D. Terrorism

Which of the following periods in American history witnessed a stable crime rate? A. The 1970s B. The 1980s C. The period following the civil rights movement until the 1970s D. The period following World War II until the 1960s

D. The period following World War II until the 1960s

Which of the following statements best describes social order offenses? A. They are crimes that go unreported due to judgmental errors of interviewers B. They are crimes that remain unsolved C. They are violent crimes like murder and forcible rape D. They are victimless crimes in which victims are willing participants

D. They are victimless crimes in which victims are willing participants

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the conflict model of the American criminal justice system? A. Juan, a police officer, takes steps to build the trust of the police among minority communities B. The police arrest Rita, a murderer, who is sentenced to life imprisonment after a fair trial in court C. Sean, a lawyer, has a deep-seated distrust of Arab Americans D. Treesa, a defense attorney, presents false evidence to win her case

D. Treesa, a defense attorney, presents false evidence to win her case

Which of the following is NOT a fact revealed by the NCVS statistics in the recent years? A. City residents are about twice as likely as rural residents to be victims of crime B. Younger people are more likely than the elderly to be victims of crime C. About half of all violent crimes are reported to the police D. Women are more likely to be victimized by crime than men

D. Women are more likely to be victimized by crime than men

A group of thugs enter a bank and extort cash and valuables by threatening the bank officials present at gunpoint. This act of crime is an example of _________. A. embezzlement B. social-order offense C. arson D. armed robbery

D. armed robbery

The traditional body of unwritten historical precedents based on everyday social customs, rules, and practices is called ___________. A. penal code B. case law C. statutory law D. common law

D. common law

Phishing is a form of ___________. A. hate crime B. corporate crime C. violent crime D. computer crime

D. computer crime

Individual rights are emphasized at all stages of criminal justice administration under the __________. A. crime-control model B. consensus model C. conflict model D. due-process model

D. due-process model

Each of the following are Part I offenses, EXCEPT __________. A. rape B. murder C. robbery D. fraud

D. fraud

Gia is caught stealing a bicycle. In this case, she is most likely to be charged with the crime of ___________. A. robbery B. embezzlement C. battery D. larceny

D. larceny

Neil , a suspect in an assault case, is denied the option of hiring a lawyer to represent him in court. In this case, Neil is denied a due course of legal proceedings guaranteed by _____________. A. The USA PATRIOT act B. The Sarbanes-Oxley act C. The consensus model D. the Bill of Rights

D. the Bill of Rights