Class 2 (sem 2) - Digestive system (part 2)
what is the component of enteric nervous system that is located in the submucosa?
Meissner submucosal plexus
stomach (cardiac region) - lamina propria:
cardiac glands (shallow gastric pits)
A patient with pernicious anemia has vitamin B12 deficiency. The reason for the deficiency is lack of gastric intrinsic factor (GIF). The cell that secretes GIF is a. surface-lining cell. b. goblet cell. c. chief cell. d. parietal cell. e. mucous neck cell.
d
The parietal cells of the fundic stomach a. manufacture visible mucus. b. absorb vitamin B12. c. require cholecystokinin to manufacture HCl. d. require histamine to manufacture HCl. e. require secretin to manufacture HCl.
d
The surface epithelium that lines the stomach is a regularly replicating cell layer. The turnover time for these epithelial cells in humans is a. one year b. 4 to 6 months c. 4 to 6 weeks d. 4 to 7 days e. 4 to 6 hours
d
What are the folds of the stomach called? a. Ruffled border b. Taeniae coli c. Gastric glands d. Rugae e. Gastric pits
d
What type of muscle makes up the muscularis externa in the esophagus? a. Smooth b. Striated c. Cardiac d. both a and b e. a, b, and c
d
What type of tissue lines the upper esophagus? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Transitional epithelium
d
Where is mesothelium found? a. Mucosa b. Sub mucosa c. Muscularis externa d. Serosa e. Adventitia
d
Which layer consists of only a single layer of epithelial cells and underlying connective tissue? a. Mucosa b. Sub mucosa c. Muscularis externa d. Serosa e. Adventitia
d
The esophagus is lined with a. simple columnar absorptive epithelium b. simple columnar mucus-secreting epithelium c. stratified ciliated columnar epithelium d. pseudostratified ciliated epithelium e. nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
e
What is the outer layer of the GI tract called when it is abutting another organ? a. Mucosa b. Sub mucosa c. Muscularis externa d. Serosa e. Adventitia
e
Which cells secrete hydrochloric acid? a. Parietal cells b. Oxyntic cells c. Chief cells d. Mucous neck cells e. Both a and b
e
Which cells secrete intrinsic factor? a. Parietal cells b. Oxyntic cells c. Chief cells c. Mucous neck cells e. Both a and b
e
Which of the following materials can be absorbed directly by the surface lining cells of the stomach? (A) Vitamin B12 (B) Polysaccharides (C) Chylomicrons (D) Triglycerides (E) Alcohol
e
DNES (enteroendocrine / APUD) cells of stomach manufacture:
endocrine hormones paracrine hormones neurocrine hormones
esophagus - lamina propria:
esophageal cardiac glands
esophagus - submucosa:
esophageal glands proper
stomach (fundic region) - lamina propria:
fundic glands
parietal (oxyntic) cells of stomach manufacture:
hydrochloric acid gastric intrinsic factor
esophagus - muscular externa:
inner circular layer of smooth m. outer longitudinal layer of smooth m.
stomach (cardiac-, fundic-, and pyloric region) - muscularis mucosae:
inner circular layer of smooth m. outer longitudinal layer of smooth m. outermost circular layer of smooth m.
stomach (cardiac-, fundic-, and pyloric region) - muscularis externa:
inner oblique layer of smooth m. middle circular layer of smooth m. outermost longitudinal layer of smooth m.
what are the pacemakers for the contraction of the muscularis externa?
interstitial cells of Cajal
esophagus - muscular mucosae:
longitudinal layer of smooth m.
esophagus - cells of glands:
mucus secreting
does submucosa of stomach (cardiac-, fundic-, and pyloric region) contain glands?
no
chief (zymogenic) cells of stomach manufacture:
pepsinogen rennin gastric lipase
stomach (pyloric region) - lamina propria:
pyloric glands (deep gastric pits)
stomach (cardiac-, fundic-, and pyloric region) - serosa or adventitia:
serosa
interspersed within the keratinocytes of the epithelium of esophagus are antigen-presenting cells, known as 1, which phagocytose and degrade antigens into small polypeptides known as 2
1: Langerhans cells 2: epitopes
esophagus - muscular externa: upper 1/3 is composed of: 1 middle 1/3 is composed of: 2 lower 1/3 is composed of: 3
1: skeletal m. 2: skeletal m. and smooth m. 3: smooth m.
what is the component of enteric nervous system that is located in the muscularis externa?
Auerbach myenteric plexus
A cell in a gland of the stomach wall exhibits the following characteristics: it is large with granular-appearing, acidophilic cytoplasm and many mitochondria; electron microscopy reveals an elaborate intracellular canalicular system. This cell is a. an oxyntic cell b. a chief cell c. a stem cell d. a mucus-secreting cell of the neck of gastric glands e. an enteroendocrine cell
a
A patient presents with Barrett syndrome. The physician should be examining his a. esophagus. b. stomach. c. small intestine. d. colon. e. rectum.
a
Passage of a bolus through the esophagus into the stomach is facilitated by which of the following? (A) Peristaltic activity of the esophageal muscularis externa (B) Peristaltic activity of the gastric muscularis mucosae (C) Refluxthrough the pharyngoesophageal sphincter (D) Smooth muscle in the esophageal muscularis mucosae (E) Reflux through the gastroesophageal sphincter
a
Ulcers are caused primarily by a. Helicobacter spp. b. Streptobacillus spp. c. Staphylococcus spp. d. Escherichia spp. e. Campylobacter spp.
a
What is the innermost layer of the GI tract called? a. Mucosa b. Sub mucosa c. Muscularis externa d. Serosa e. Adventitia
a
Which layer contains the lamina propria? a. Mucosa b. Sub mucosa c. Muscularis externa d. Serosa e. Adventiti
a
Which layer contains the lining epithelium? a. Mucosa b. Sub mucosa c. Muscularis externa d. Serosa e. Adventitia
a
Which layer contains the muscularis mucosa? a. Mucosa b. Sub mucosa c. Muscularis externa d. Serosa e. Adventitia
a
Which layer of the gastrointestinal tract contains the gut associated lymphatic tissue? a. Mucosa b. Submucosa c. Muscularis externa d. Muscularis mucosae e. Serosa
a
Which of the following cells is present in the mucosa of the stomach and manufactures visible mucus? a. Surface-lining cells b. Mucous neck cells c. Parietal cells (oxyntic cells) d. M cells e. Chief cells
a
Which organ has a mucosa lined by nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium? a. Esophagus b. Stomach c. Small intestine d. Large intestine e. Rectum
a
Which description is true of the wall of the stomach? a. Simple squamous epithelium covering its outer surface b. Temporary folds called plicae circulares when the stomach is empty c. Stratified squamous epithelium covering its inner surface d. Three layers of skeletal muscle in the muscularis externa e. Lack of a definitive submucosa
a (mesothelium = simple squamous epithelium) (s. 451)
esophagus - serosa or adventitia:
adventitia (except serosa in abdominal cavity)
The stomach is lined with a. pseudostratified ciliated epithelium b. simple columnar mucus-secreting epithelium c. simple columnar absorptive epithelium d. nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium e. stratified ciliated columnar epithelium
b
Which layer contains Meissner's plexus? a. Mucosa b. Sub mucosa c. Muscularis externa d. Serosa e. Adventitia
b
Which of the following cell types is present in the gastric glands of the pyloric stomach? (A) Goblet cells (B) Mucous neck cells (C) Paneth cells (D) Basal cells (E) Chief cells
b
What are mucous surface cells? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Transitional epithelium
c
What type of tissue lines most of the gastrointestinal tract? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Transitional epithelium
c
Which cells secrete pepsinogen? a. Parietal cells b. Oxyntic cells c. Chief cells d. Mucous neck cells e. Both a and b
c
Which layer contains Auerbach's plexus? a. Mucosa b. Sub mucosa c. Muscularis externa d. Serosa e. Adventitia
c
stomach (cardiac-, fundic-, and pyloric region) - epithelium:
simple columnar
esophagus - epithelium:
stratified squamous nonkeratinized
stomach (cardiac-, fundic-, and pyloric region) - cells of glands:
surface-lining cells mucous neck cells regenerative cells DNES (enteroendocrine / APUD) cells parietal (oxyntic) cells (fundic region of stomach also contain chief (zymogenic) cells)
stomach (cardiac-, fundic-, and pyloric region) - cell type of epithelium:
surface-lining cells (no goblet cells)