Clicker Questions 1082 Bio
If your body is too warm it will
dilate blood vessels
The wings of birds and butterflies are examples of structures that resemble each other and have similar function but are the result of convergent evolution in separate lineages. These structures are called
Analogous structures
Growth
Increase in size of body and organs by cell division and cell expansion
Axils filiculoides is a small aquatic fern that is typically 1-2 cm tall. How would a botanist distinguish it from a bryophyte?
It has xylem tissue
Which of the following phrases is not an essential part of the biological species concept?
Morphologically distinct
Which of the following is not important to the concept of natural selection, but does factor into artificial selection?
Phenotypic variation of a species has variable appeal to humans interested in that species.
Suppose that a particular species of flowering plant that lives only one year can produce red, white, or pink blossoms depending on its genotype. Biologists studying a population of this species count 300 red, 500 white, and 800 pink plants in a population. When a census of the population is taken the following year, 600 red, 900 white, and 1000 pink plants are observed. Which color has the highest relative fitness?
Red
Determination
Sets developmental fate of a cell
What is development?
The process by which a multicellular organism beginning with a single cell goes through a series of changes taking on the successive forms that characterize its life cycle
The gene pool includes all of the
alleles of genes within a population.
Blastodisc
a blastula having the form of a disk of cells on top of the yolk in the eggs of reptiles and birds
Blastomere
a cell formed by cleavage of a fertilized ovum
The head of a sperm is capped with an organelle that contains glycoproteins digesting enzyme. This organelle is the
acrosome
Gene flow...
acts against speciation
Features that increase the likelihood of survival and reproduction by an organism in a particular environment are called
adaptations
Select the incorrectly matched vertebrae and its urine concentration relative to its blood
amphibians-isotonic
An animal whose internal temperature rises linearly with increases in ambient temperatures is most likely
an ectotherm
In the humoral response, B cells produce plasma cells which in turn produce large quantities of ____ that are specific for freeing antigens
antibodies
The cell
becomes flaccid or shirnks
Blastocyst
contains the inner cell mass that will form the mebryo
Similar habitats often place similar selection pressures on different species. This often leads to unrelated species having features in common. What is this an example of?
convergent evolution
_____ are molecules released by activated helper T cells
cytokines
Characteristics between the branch points of a cladogram that are shared by all organisms above the branch point and are not present in any below it are called
derived characteristics
Porifera differ from other animals in that they
do not form true organs
Different nociceptors may respond to all of the following except
electromagnetic eadiation
Blastoderm
embryonic disk that gives rise to the endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
What event initiates development?
fertilization
The genetic contribution of an individual to succeeding generations compared with that of other individuals in the population is known as
fitness (definition will be on exam 1)
Suppose that females of a species of beetles prefer to mate with males that have relatively rare color patterns. This observation would be an
frequency dependent selection
Certain groups of cells move inward from the surface of the blastula in a carefully orchestrated migration called
gastrulation
Parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma are all types of cells derived from
ground tissue
Blastula
hollow ball of cells
Both ancestral birds and ancestral mammals shared a common ancestor that was terrestrial. Today, penguins (which are birds) and seals (which are mammals) have forelimbs adapted for swimming. What term best describes the relationship of the bones in the forelimbs of penguins and seals, and what term best describes the flippers of penguins and seals?
homologous; analogous
The evolution of saber teeth in both extinct carnivorous mammals and marsupials is an example of
homoplasy caused by convergence
Which isolating mechanism is postzygotic?
hybrid sterility
The cell is _____ compared to environment which is _____ (cell 90% water, outside 10%)
hypotonic, hypertonic
Water
leaves cell
Which of the following represents a monophyletic group?
liverworts, mosses, and hornworts
Which of the following is not required for evolution by natural selection?
locomotion
The main source of water necessary for photosynthesis to occur in the leaf mesophyll is
soil via the xylem
Which of the following releases histamines?
mast cells
What leaf tissue would be most directly affected by a nonfunctional rubisco enzyme?
mesophyll tissue
Which of the following characteristics is not shared by Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya
microtubules
The ultimate origin of genetic variation is
mutation (definition of mutation)
Which of the following agents of evolution adapts populations to their environments?
natural selection
Double fertilization occurs when
one sperm fuses with the egg and the other sperm fuses with both polar nuclei.
Morphogenesis
organization and spatial distribution of differentiated cells in multicellular body and its organs (also referred to as organogenesis)
Chemoreceptors located in the aortic and carotid bodies stimulate the respiratory control center in the brain when the blood ______ decreases
pH
Differentiation
process by which cells become specialized for specific functions.
The presence of the disease sickle cell anemia illustrates that natural selection does not always eliminate ________ alleles
recessive
I'm response to a 10 deg C rise in environmental temperature an endotherms body temperature will
remain relatively constant
The general term that describes the uptake of oxygen from the environment and the disposal of carbon dioxide at the body system level is
respiration
Most of the water absorbed by the plant enters through the
root hairs
Most of the water that evaporates from leaves passes out through the
stomata
Which of the following best describes natural selection?
the differential survival and reproduction of individuals
Blastocoel
the fluid-filled cavity inside a blastula
Blastopore
the opening of the central cavity of an embryo in the early stage of development.
The Casparian strip is
the waxy layer between endodermal cells