Clicker Questions 1082 Bio

If your body is too warm it will

dilate blood vessels

The wings of birds and butterflies are examples of structures that resemble each other and have similar function but are the result of convergent evolution in separate lineages. These structures are called

Analogous structures

Growth

Increase in size of body and organs by cell division and cell expansion

Axils filiculoides is a small aquatic fern that is typically 1-2 cm tall. How would a botanist distinguish it from a bryophyte?

It has xylem tissue

Which of the following phrases is not an essential part of the biological species concept?

Morphologically distinct

Which of the following is not important to the concept of natural selection, but does factor into artificial selection?

Phenotypic variation of a species has variable appeal to humans interested in that species.

Suppose that a particular species of flowering plant that lives only one year can produce red, white, or pink blossoms depending on its genotype. Biologists studying a population of this species count 300 red, 500 white, and 800 pink plants in a population. When a census of the population is taken the following year, 600 red, 900 white, and 1000 pink plants are observed. Which color has the highest relative fitness?

Red

Determination

Sets developmental fate of a cell

What is development?

The process by which a multicellular organism beginning with a single cell goes through a series of changes taking on the successive forms that characterize its life cycle

The gene pool includes all of the

alleles of genes within a population.

Blastodisc

a blastula having the form of a disk of cells on top of the yolk in the eggs of reptiles and birds

Blastomere

a cell formed by cleavage of a fertilized ovum

The head of a sperm is capped with an organelle that contains glycoproteins digesting enzyme. This organelle is the

acrosome

Gene flow...

acts against speciation

Features that increase the likelihood of survival and reproduction by an organism in a particular environment are called

adaptations

Select the incorrectly matched vertebrae and its urine concentration relative to its blood

amphibians-isotonic

An animal whose internal temperature rises linearly with increases in ambient temperatures is most likely

an ectotherm

In the humoral response, B cells produce plasma cells which in turn produce large quantities of ____ that are specific for freeing antigens

antibodies

The cell

becomes flaccid or shirnks

Blastocyst

contains the inner cell mass that will form the mebryo

Similar habitats often place similar selection pressures on different species. This often leads to unrelated species having features in common. What is this an example of?

convergent evolution

_____ are molecules released by activated helper T cells

cytokines

Characteristics between the branch points of a cladogram that are shared by all organisms above the branch point and are not present in any below it are called

derived characteristics

Porifera differ from other animals in that they

do not form true organs

Different nociceptors may respond to all of the following except

electromagnetic eadiation

Blastoderm

embryonic disk that gives rise to the endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

What event initiates development?

fertilization

The genetic contribution of an individual to succeeding generations compared with that of other individuals in the population is known as

fitness (definition will be on exam 1)

Suppose that females of a species of beetles prefer to mate with males that have relatively rare color patterns. This observation would be an

frequency dependent selection

Certain groups of cells move inward from the surface of the blastula in a carefully orchestrated migration called

gastrulation

Parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma are all types of cells derived from

ground tissue

Blastula

hollow ball of cells

Both ancestral birds and ancestral mammals shared a common ancestor that was terrestrial. Today, penguins (which are birds) and seals (which are mammals) have forelimbs adapted for swimming. What term best describes the relationship of the bones in the forelimbs of penguins and seals, and what term best describes the flippers of penguins and seals?

homologous; analogous

The evolution of saber teeth in both extinct carnivorous mammals and marsupials is an example of

homoplasy caused by convergence

Which isolating mechanism is postzygotic?

hybrid sterility

The cell is _____ compared to environment which is _____ (cell 90% water, outside 10%)

hypotonic, hypertonic

Water

leaves cell

Which of the following represents a monophyletic group?

liverworts, mosses, and hornworts

Which of the following is not required for evolution by natural selection?

locomotion

The main source of water necessary for photosynthesis to occur in the leaf mesophyll is

soil via the xylem

Which of the following releases histamines?

mast cells

What leaf tissue would be most directly affected by a nonfunctional rubisco enzyme?

mesophyll tissue

Which of the following characteristics is not shared by Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya

microtubules

The ultimate origin of genetic variation is

mutation (definition of mutation)

Which of the following agents of evolution adapts populations to their environments?

natural selection

Double fertilization occurs when

one sperm fuses with the egg and the other sperm fuses with both polar nuclei.

Morphogenesis

organization and spatial distribution of differentiated cells in multicellular body and its organs (also referred to as organogenesis)

Chemoreceptors located in the aortic and carotid bodies stimulate the respiratory control center in the brain when the blood ______ decreases

pH

Differentiation

process by which cells become specialized for specific functions.

The presence of the disease sickle cell anemia illustrates that natural selection does not always eliminate ________ alleles

recessive

I'm response to a 10 deg C rise in environmental temperature an endotherms body temperature will

remain relatively constant

The general term that describes the uptake of oxygen from the environment and the disposal of carbon dioxide at the body system level is

respiration

Most of the water absorbed by the plant enters through the

root hairs

Most of the water that evaporates from leaves passes out through the

stomata

Which of the following best describes natural selection?

the differential survival and reproduction of individuals

Blastocoel

the fluid-filled cavity inside a blastula

Blastopore

the opening of the central cavity of an embryo in the early stage of development.

The Casparian strip is

the waxy layer between endodermal cells