CLINCAL NUTRITION EXAM 1
The preferred source of energy in the body comes from
Carbohydrates
Salivary Glands
Glands of the mouth that produce saliva, full of amylase and lipase
Large Intestine
Has an ascending colon and a transverse colon Absorbs water and electrolytes from chyme and turn them into feces Breaks down cellulose and fiber Performs final stage of digestion
Lipase
Hydrolyze the dietary fats into fatty acids and glycodies
Bile
a mixture of water, bile salts, chloesterol, and bilirubin
The villi and microvilli are the site of nutrient
absorption
GERD
acid reflux that is persistent
What does the liver and gallbladder distribute
bile
Saliva
break down food particles in teeth to prevent decay 99.5% water DNA and RNA useful in diagonistic
Bile salts
breaks down large fat globules into smaller one via emulsification
Energy-yielding nutrients include
carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
A well-balanced diet is composed of which six nutrients?
carbohydrates, protein, fats, water, vitamins, minerals
Food Allergies
different from intolerances or sensitive allergies cause an immune reaction with different levels of severity
The chemical and mechanical processes by which the body breaks food down into individual nutrient molecules
digestion
Substances which must be consumed from foods because they cannot be made in the body are
essential nutrients
Celiac Disease
gluten allergy that causes flattening of the villi in the intestine
where do undigested materials go?
goes into the large intestine, while absorption of water and remaining waste is stored in return
The richest food sources of carbohydrates are
grains, fruits and vegetables
The role of fiber is to
helps maintain a healthy intestinal tract.
Blood glucose levels are regulated by
hormones
Gastric Acid
hydrochloric acid released by parietal cells Mucus is produced which lubricates stomach lining and contains bicarbonate
Parietal cells
increase or decrease acid production as needed
Bacterial Diversity
large intestine has over 700 diff species of bacteria related to obesity gut biome is established after birth
Chyme
mixture of enzymes and partially-digested food, released by pyloric sphincter to small intestine
Where does carbohydrate digestion begin?
mouth
Absorption
nutrients move from the lumen into the electrolytes
Monogastric Digestion
presence of one stomach chamber to digest food
The primary function of carbohydrates is to provide
provide energy
Pedro is a high-school soccer athlete who needs to eat more complex carbohydrates. Which of the following would you recommend?
quinoa, brown rice, whole wheat bread, amarath, oats
function of the gallbladder
receives bile from the liver through the common hepatic duct and stores it.
The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum represent the
small intestine
Irritable Bowl Syndrome
stomach pain coupled with other GI issues usually due to unbalanced diet, stress -> does not cause lasting damage
Accessory Organs
teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas - participate in the digestion of food without direct contact
Anus
terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body
what is a calorie
the amount of energy in the form of heat that is required to heat one kilogram of water one degree Celsius.
Cephalic Phase
the earliest phase of digestion, in which the brain thinks about and prepares the digestive organs for the consumption of food
The fingerlike projections which line the small intestine increase the surface area to maximize absorption and help mix the partially digested chyme with intestinal secretions are
villi
Clostridium Difficile Infection (CDL)
wants to use fecal microbiota transplant fecal bacteria from an individual with a healthy gut is transfered to someone else
The large intestine absorbs
water and electrolytes
Small Intestine
22 ft long Nutrients are absorbed Connects to the stomach by pyloric sphincter
Rectum
A short tube at the end of the large intestine where waste material is compressed into a solid form before being eliminated
The key five factors that indicate a healthy diet include which of the following?
Adequate, balanced, calorie control, moderation, and variety